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Metals -> Chromium Compounds, Inorganic

Carcinogens

1 mmHg at 97 °F ; 760 mmHg at 304 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.26 [mmHg]

Chromium carbonyl appears as white crystalline or granular solid. Sublimes at room temperature. Burns with a luminous flame. (NTP, 1992)

White solid; Sublimes at room temperature; [CAMEO] Insoluble in water; Danger of explosion if heated; [MSDSonline]

Danger

H301 (98.7%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P318, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 150 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Chemical: Chromium carbonyl (Cr(CO)6), (OC-6-11)-

Chromium hexacarbonyl: HSNO Approval: HSR005370 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

SYMPTOMS: Exposure to this compound may cause irritation. Symptoms of exposure to this type of compound upon ingestion may include dizziness, intense thirst, abdominal pain, vomiting and shock. Skin contact with this type of compound may result in incapacitating eczematous dermatitis with edema and ulceration. Inhalation of this type of compound may cause painless ulceration, bleeding and perforation of the nasal septum accompanied by a foul nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, lacrimation, acute hepatitis with jaundice, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and an enlarged, tender liver. Ingestion of this type of compound may also lead to oliguria or anuria and death from uremia.

Skin contact: dermatitis; Inhalation: perforation of nasal septum, lacrimation, and acute hepatitis; [CAMEO] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; Harmful if ingested, absorbed through skin, or inhaled; Decomposition of carbonyl compounds can yield carbon monoxide; [MSDSonline] A water-insoluble chromium [0] compound (chromium carbonyl) did not induce DNA damage in bacteria. [IARC] See Chromium.

Acute Tox. 3 (98.7%)

Carcinogens

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

0.0021 [mg/m3]

0.42 [mg/m3]

66 [mg/m3]

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. It has been shown to induce carcinogenesis by overstimulating cellular regulatory pathways and increasing peroxide levels by activating certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also cause transcriptional repression by cross-linking histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to CYP1A1 promoter chromatin, inhibiting histone modification. Chromium may increase its own toxicity by modifying metal regulatory transcription factor 1, causing the inhibition of zinc-induced metallothionein transcription. (A12, L16, A34, A35, A36)

Chromium in its trivalent state is not very toxic, but it may be oxidized to hexavalent chromium. Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. (L16)

LCLo (rat) = 35 mg/ m3/30min

LD50: 230 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L532) LD50: 30 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (L532)

Chromium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure and distributes to nearly all tissues, with the highest concentrations found in kidney and liver. Bone is also a major storage site and may contribute to long-term retention. Hexavalent chromium's similarity to sulfate and chromate allow it to be transported into cells via sulfate transport mechanisms. Inside the cell, hexavalent chromium is reduced first to pentavalent chromium, then to trivalent chromium by many substances including ascorbate, glutathione, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Chromium is almost entirely excreted with the urine. (A12, L16)