ピリチオン亜鉛

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Safe Storage of Pesticides. Always store pesticides in their original containers, complete with labels that list ingredients, directions for use, and first aid steps in case of accidental poisoning. Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal feed, or medical supplies. Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or in places where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground water, or surface water. /Residential uses/

If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly. Don't wash it away. Instead, sprinkle the spill with sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter. Sweep it into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as directed on the pesticide product label./Residential uses/

After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors. To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that you used when mixing the pesticide. Then pour the rinsewater into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it according to the pesticide product label directions. After applying any pesticide wash your hands and any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with the pesticide..To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home. Wash any clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately from your regular wash. /Residential uses/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. The best way to dispose of small amounts of excess pesticides is to use them - apply them - according to the directions on the label. If you cannot use them, ask your neighbors whether they have a similar pest control problem and can use them. If all of the remaining pesticide cannot be properly used, check with your local solid waste management authority, environmental agency, or health department to find out whether your community has a household hazardous waste collection program or a similar program for getting rid of unwanted, leftover pesticides. These authorities can also inform you of any local requirements for pesticide waste disposal. /Residential uses/

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. An empty pesticide container can be as hazardous as a full one because of residues left inside. Never reuse such a container. When empty, a pesticide container should be rinsed carefully three times and the rinsewater thoroughly drained back onto the sprayer or the container previously used to mix the pesticide. Use the rinsewater as a pesticide, following label directions. Replace the cap or closure securely. Dispose of the container according to label instructions. Do not puncture or burn a pressurized container like an aerosol - it could explode. Do cut or puncture other empty pesticide containers made of metal or plastic to prevent someone from reusing them. Wrap the empty container and put it in the trash after you have rinsed it. /Residential uses/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Wear the items of protective clothing the label requires: for example, non-absorbent gloves (not leather or fabric), rubber footwear (not canvas or leather), a hat, goggles, or a dust-mist filter. If no specific clothing is listed, gloves, long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and closed shoes are recommended. You can buy protective clothing and equipment at hardware stores or building supply stores. /Residential uses/

Indoor Applications. If the label directions permit, leave all windows open and fans operating after the application is completed. If the pesticide product is only effective in an unventilated (sealed) room or house, do not stay there. Put all pets outdoors, and take yourself any your family away from treated areas for at least the length of time prescribed on the label. Apply most surface sprays only to limited areas such as cracks; don't treat entire floors, walls, or ceilings. Don't let pesticides get on any surfaces that are used for food preparation. Wash any surfaces that may have pesticide residue before placing food on them. /Residential uses/

Indoor Applications. When using total release foggers to control pests, use no more than the amount needed and to keep foggers away from ignition sources (ovens, stoves, air conditioners, space heaters, and water heaters, for example). Foggers should not be used in small, enclosed places such as closets and cabinets or under tables and counters. /Residential uses/

Outdoor Applications. Never apply pesticides outdoors on a windy day (winds higher than 10 mph). Position yourself so that a light breeze does not blow pesticide spray or dust into your face. /Residential uses/

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

In mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus strain exhibiting resistance to penicillin, Omnadin Z when given in combination with penicillin g sodium incr the antibiotic effect considerably, combination had stimulating effect on the immune response.

DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) aided the percutaneous penetration of zinc pyrithione in comparison with water, as evidenced by earlier onset of toxic signs.

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite) oral 60 mg/kg (95% confidence interval: 44-81 mg/kg) /Zinc pyrithione 96% purity/

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite quail, age 10 days) diet 1063 ppm for 8 days

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck, age 10 days) diet >5000 ppm for 16 days

LD50; Species: Peromyscus maniculatus (Deer mouse) oral via capsule 1070 mg/kg

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Pyrithione zinc (26 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released to soil, zinc pyrithione is expected to be immobile based upon its immobility in sediment(1). Utilizing a seawater/sediment inoculum, half-lives of 2-22 hours under aerobic conditions(1) indicate that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: If released to water, zinc pyrithione is immobile in sediment(1). Studies indicate that components present in seawater greatly influence the stability of zinc pyrithione. When copper is present, the more toxic and stable pyrithione copper was formed(2). The hydrolysis half-life for pyrithrione zinc under abiotic dark conditions was reported to be >90 days(1). Using artificial seawater placed in full sunlight outdoors in quartz tubes, a photodegradation half-life of less than 2 minutes was obtained for zinc pyrithione(2). Utilizing a seawater/sediment inoculum, half-lives of 2-22 hours and 0.5 hours under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively(1), indicate that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If released to air, pyrithioine zinc absorbs UV light at 300 nm(1) and therefore is susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(SRC).

Anaemia results from the excessive absorption of zinc suppressing copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding of intestinal mucosal cells. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc to give corrosive zinc chloride, which can cause damage to the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. (L48, L49, A49)

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... Recent evidence has suggested that zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) degrades only partially and persists in the marine environment, especially where the influence of light is limited, such as in harbors. Short-term acute toxicity tests and life table response experiments (LTREs) were performed to evaluate the effects of ZnPT on the polychaete Dinophilus gyrociliatus at both individual and population level. The 96 hr LC50 values for ZnPT on D. gyrociliatus were 7.8 and 11.5 nM under dark and 12 hr light/12hr dark conditions, respectively. In LTREs, laboratory cultured cohorts of D. gyrociliatus were exposed to sublethal concentrations of ZnPT (0.5 and 1 nM) and compared to a control cohort. The survival among individuals exposed to the highest concentration decreased already during the 2nd week of life with respect to the control. The effects of the biocide on fecundity were even more evident: ZnPT caused a considerable reduction in both the exposed groups ... ZnPT effects /were seen/ both on the biological cycle and on the growth potential of polychaete D. gyrociliatus. The net growth rate (R(0)) appeared to be the ... parameter most sensitive to ZnPT, as the biocide exposure was associated with a sharp decline of R(0) in both the 0.5 and the 1 nM groups (-41% and -63%, respectively) in comparison to the control cohort. The population growth rate lambda (often used as an index of population fitness) and the life expectancy e(0) were also significantly reduced, while ZnPT exposure did not affect the generation time T ...

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... The acute toxicities of the metal pyrithiones (MePTs) - copper pyrithione (CuPT) and zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) - to four species of marine algae and a marine crustacean (Tigriopus japonicus) /were examined as well as acute toxicity/ using six of the main MePT photodegradation products: pyridine-N-oxide (PO); 2-mercaptopyridine (HPS); pyridine-2-sulfonic-acid (PSA); 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide (HPT); 2,2'-dithio-bis-pyridine ([PS](2)); and 2,2'-dithio-bis-pyridine-N-oxide ([PT](2))-and three marine organisms representing three trophic levels: an alga (Skeletonema costatum), a crustacean (T. japonicus), and a fish (Pagrus major). The acute toxicity values (72 hr EC50) of CuPT, ZnPT, HPT, (PT)(2), (PS)(2), HPS, PO, and PSA for S. costatum, which was the most sensitive of the test organisms to the chemicals tested, were 1.5, 1.6, 1.1, 3.4, 65, 730, >100,000, and >100,000 ug/L, respectively ...

/AQUATIC SPECIES/... /This/ study investigated the single and mixture toxicity of three of the most widely used antifouling biocides: zinc pyrithione, chlorothalonil and Sea-Nine, using the sea-urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) embryo-larval bioassay. Also, the predictive ability of the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) concepts for antifouling mixtures was evaluated. Both concepts failed to accurately predict the toxicity of the antifouling mixtures, with the exception of the zinc pyrithione and Sea-Nine mixture, which was accurately predicted by the IA concept, suggesting a dissimilar mode of action of those substances. In general, CA predicted consistently higher toxicity than IA; however, CA overestimated the toxicity of the studied mixtures by a factor of only 1.6, representing a reasonable worst-case approach to be used in the predictive hazard assessment of antifouling mixtures. Finally, the present study demonstrates that the risk of antifouling mixtures for the early developmental stages of sea urchin is higher than the risk of each single substance, and therefore, the inclusion of mixture considerations in the development of water quality criteria for antifouling compounds is strongly recommended.

Ingestion of large doses of zinc causes stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Acute inhalation of large amounts of zinc causes metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Dermal contact with zinc results in skin irritation. (L49)

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A 1% aq soln of shampoo containing 2% zinc pyrithione was used to conduct 2 separate closed patch tests. 9 serial applications on upper arm were made for 3 weeks followed by challenge 2 weeks later. 1 papular reaction, remaining only transient erythematous.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Female subjects were patch-tested with a zinc pyrithione hair dressing cream (0.25%), at 72 hr after application it was concluded that the hairdressing product possessed ... low index of sensitization in humans.

/CASE REPORTS/ A case in which allergic dermatitis was followed by development of photosensitivity dermatitis and actinic reticuloid syndrome was reported in a 61-yr-old retired forester within 24 hr of using a shampoo containing zinc pyrithione 5%.

/CASE REPORTS/ A patient had had stable psoriasis for 25 years and no any other skin disease. Within 20 days, she developed an aggravated scaly erythematous patch on the scalp, where /an antidandruff/ shampoo had been applied, and simultaneously developed pustular psoriasis on both forearms. Patch testing showed a relevant sensitization to zinc pyrithione, and ... symptomatic aggravation by provocation testing with zinc pyrithione shampoo /was observed/...

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Pyrithione zinc (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Zinc pyrithione's production and use in preservation of cosmetics, metalworking fluids, and inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth on fabrics(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. It's use in marine antifouling paints(2) and as an additive in antidandruff preparations(2) may result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Zinc 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide is found on List B. Case No: 2480; Pesticide type: Fungicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Zinc 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 06/26/91; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide have made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

(AZ) ARIZONA 5000 ug/L /Zinc/

(MN) MINNESOTA 2000 ug/L /Zinc/

For zinc 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 088002) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

In marine antifouling paints

Additive in antidandruff preparations, preservation of cosmetics, metalworking fluids, inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth on fabrics

Zinc pyrithione shampoos are widely used nonprescription formulations that are effective temporarily in treatment of ... seborrheic capitis

For more Uses (Complete) data for Pyrithione zinc (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Zinc pyrithione is used as an antifungal and antibacterial agent. (L76)

2023: 75,000 - <100,000 lb

Zinc, bis[1-(hydroxy-.kappa.O)-2(1H)-pyridinethionato-.kappa.S2]-, (T-4)- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).[EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program. Zinc, bis

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#4971]

Ecostern (PPG Industries, Zinc 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide 4.8%

E Paint ZO (E Paint), Zinc 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide 4.8%

HMF Antifouling Paint (Sherwin-Williams), Zinc 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide 6.38%, 1H-Pyrrole-3-carbonitrile,4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)- 7.28%

Intersmooth 360 Ecoloflex SPC Antifouling BEA 368 Dark Brown (International Paint), Zinc 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide 3.8%, Copper(I) oxide 40.41%

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Pyrithione zinc (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cosmetics product ingredient: Pyrithione zinc (Zinc pyrithione)

Information on 118 consumer products that contain Zinc pyrithione in the following categories is provided:

Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing

Zinc, bis[1-(hydroxy-.kappa.O)-2(1H)-pyridinethionato-.kappa.S2]-, (T-4)-: ACTIVE

RED Addendum scheduled for June 2010 ... Docket No. EPA-HQ-OPP-2004-0147

Antimicrobial effect was studied with healthy scalps in relation to its antidandruff effect. Use of Zn pyrithione containing shampoo sharply decr the corneocyte counts.