抱水クロラール
抱水クロラール · クロラール水和物 · 2,2,2-トリクロロ-1,1-エタンジオール · 2,2,2-トリクロロ-1,1-エタン-ジオール · 2,2,2-トリクロロエタン-1,1-ジオール · エスクレ · 抱水クロラ-ル · トリクロロアセトアルデヒド一水和物

識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 302-17-0 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | C2H3Cl3O2 |
| 平均分子量 | 165.4 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 163.91986238 g/mol |
| SMILES | OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl |
| InChIKey | RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 2707 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL455917 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:28142 |
| EC No. | 206-117-5 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID7020261 |
| 現地名 | 抱水クロラール |
化学・物理的性質
| XLogP | 1 |
|---|---|
| 極性表面積 | 40.5 |
| 水素結合供与体数 | 2 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 2 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 0 |
| 重原子数 | 7 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 56.4 |
| 物質分類 | Other Classes -> Halogenated AlcoholsCarcinogens |
| 医薬品 | DEA NFLIS-Drug Category -> Depressants and TranquilizersDEA Schedule IV Controlled Substance -> DepressantsPharmaceuticals -> AntiepilepticsPharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15Pharmaceuticals -> Used in Switzerland |
| pH | 3.5-4.4 (10% soln in water)3.5-5.5 (20℃, 10%) |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Moessbauer quadrupole effect |
| 農薬 | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| LogP(分配係数) | log Kow = 0.99 |
| 臭い | Aromatic, penetrating and slightly acrid odorCharacteristic: sweet |
| 味 | Slightly bitter, caustic taste |
| 密度 | 1.9081 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than waterwill sink1.9081 g/cu cm at 20 °C/4 °C1.9 g/cm³1.9081 @ 20°C1.43 g/mL at 20 °C |
| Color/Form | COLORLESS OR WHITE CRYSTALSTransparent, colorless crystalsLarge, monoclinic plates |
| 溶解度 | greater than or equal to 10 mg/mL at 68.9 °F (NTP, 1992)Freely soluble in acetone, methyl ethyl ketone. Moderately or sparingly soluble in turpentine, petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, toluene.Very soluble in benzene, ethyl ether, and ethanol.In water, 7.93X10+5 mg/L at 25 °CSolubility in water: very good水に非常に溶けやすく、エタノールに溶けやすい (96%)。660g/100mL |
| Corrosivity | ... Corrosive to the skin and mucous membrane unless well diluted |
| 融点 | 57 °C(lit.) |
| 沸点 | 97 °C |
| 蒸気圧 | 19.998hPa at 25℃ |
| 屈折率 | 1.4603 (estimate) |
| 引火点 | 16 °C |
| 貯蔵条件 | 0-6°C |
| pKa(酸解離定数) | 10(at 25℃) |
| 外観・状態 | A crystalline solid |
| 比重 | 1.91 |
| Merck | 13,2080 |
| BRN | 1698497 |
| ヘンリー定数 | 2.4×103 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, HSDB (2015) |
| 誘電率 | 5.5(15℃) |
| 安定性 | 安定していますが、空気や光に敏感な場合があります。アルコール、シアン化物、ヨウ素、強塩基、炭酸塩とは相容れない。 |
| 主な用途 | 環境 |
| InChI | 1S/C2H3Cl3O2/c3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h1,6-7H |
| InChIKey | RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl |
| LogP(分配係数) | 1.092 at 25℃ |
| CAS データベース | 302-17-0(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NISTの化学物質情報 | Chloral hydrate(302-17-0) |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | Chloral hydrate (302-17-0) |
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | DangerH301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H301 (99%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral] |
|---|---|
| 規制情報 | Chemical: 1,1-Ethanediol, 2,2,2-trichloro-Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityNeurotoxicityDEA schedule IV controlled substanceStatus: Active Update: 01-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/17704Chloral hydrate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| 輸送ラベル(DOT) | Poison |
| 火災危険 | Flash point data for this chemical are not availablehowever, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
| 火災の可能性 | Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. |
| 健康有害性 | SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include general anesthesia, cardiac arrythmias and blood pressure depression. Other symptoms include hemorrhagic gastritis, enteritis, central nervous system depression, coma, severe respiratory depression, ventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrest. Dermatitis, swelling of the lids, hyperemia, edema of the conjuctiva and a sensation of irritation and tearing may also occur. Exposure may result in gastric irritation, rapid circulatory collapse, kidney and liver damage, heart damage, psychosis and leukopenia. Flatulence, abdominal distension, nausea, headache, giddiness, rashes and blood dyscrasias can occur. |
| 有害性の概要 | A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritantA CNS depressant[ICSC] A skin and mucous membrane irritantMay cause eye injury[HSDB] A skin and eye irritant[eChemPortal: ERMAESIS] An irritant |
用途
用途
睡眠?抗痙攣剤(有機化合物辞典(1985))GLUE PEPTIZING AGENT; MEDICINE (SEDATIVE), MANUFACTURE OF DDT, LINAMENTS. ; MANUFACTURE OF DICHLOROACETIC ACID IN THE LABORATORY.(HSDB(2010))
説明
Chloral hydrate is one of the oldest sedatives used for dental sedation. It was first synthesized in 1832 by Justus von Liebig and was the first synthetic central nervous system (CNS) depressant. It was used to treat delirium tremens, insomnia, and anxiety, although it is considered an unapproved drug by the US Food and Drug Administration. Initially considered to be a safer alternative to opium, it was noted to produce rapid unconsciousness when combined with ethanol. Physical dependence can occur with chronic use.Chloral hydrate is classified as a sedative-hypnotic and is known to induce sleep in children. It has been very popular in pediatric dentistry since the mid-1950s. Chloral hydrate is rapidly absorbed following oral administration and is converted through its first pass in the liver to trichloroethanol,its active form. Trichloroethanol is conjugated in the liver and excreted in the urine. Like other agents that are metabolized in the liver, chloral hydrate may interact with other drugs, herbs, or foods resulting in clinically significant alterations of the agents (e.g.,warfarin).
使用
Trichloroacetaldehyde Hydrate is a useful chemical reagent used as a sedative/hypnotic agent for the short-term treatment of insomnia. First developed in 1832, chloral hydrate is the oldest sleep medication still in use today. This medication is also used to calm you just before surgery or other procedures. It works by affecting certain parts of the brain to cause calmness. Studies have shown that when used in pediatric sedation side effects such as hallucination, excessive sleep and seizures were observed. Drowsiness and trouble waking up in the morning, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, and headache may occur. Stomach problems can be reduced by taking chloral hydrate with a full glass of water. It is sometimes administered to patients being treated with cyclophosphamide and it is known to inhibit some aldehyde dehydrogenases. Besides, Chloral hydrate is a starting point for the synthesis of other organic compounds. It is the starting material for the production of chloral, which is produced by the distillation of a mixture of chloral hydrate and sulfuric acid, which serves as the desiccant.
一般的な説明
Chloral hydrate, trichloroacetaldehydemonohydrate, CCl3CH(OH)2 (Noctec), is analdehyde hydrate stable enough to be isolated. The relativestability of this gem-diol is largely a result of an unfavorabledipole–dipole repulsion between the trichloromethyl carbonand the carbonyl carbon present in the parent carbonylcompound.Chloral hydrate is unstable in alkaline solutions, undergoingthe last step of the haloform reaction to yield chloroformand formate ion. In hydroalcoholic solutions, it formsthe hemiacetal with ethanol. Whether or not this compoundis the basis for the notorious and potentially lethal effect of the combination of ethanol and chloral hydrate (the “MickeyFinn”) is controversial. Synergism between two differentCNS depressants also could be involved. Additionally,ethanol, by increasing the concentration of nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide (NADH), enhances the reduction ofchloral to the more active metabolite trichloroethanol, andchloral can inhibit the metabolism of alcohol because it inhibitsalcohol dehydrogenase. Chloral hydrate is a weak acidbecause its CCl3 group is very strong electron withdrawing.A 10% aqueous solution of chloral hydrate has pH 3.5 to4.4, which makes it irritating to mucous membranes in thestomach. As a result, GI upset commonly occurs for thedrug if undiluted or taken on an empty stomach. Chloral hydrateas a capsule, syrup, or suppository is currently available.