Sodium Cacodylate

Colorless to light yellow

Crystalline solid

Soluble in short chain alcohols; insoluble in diethyl ether.

In water, 2X10+6 mg/l @ 25 °C.

140 °F 140 °F for trihydrate. Liquifies in water of hydration at 140 °F and becomes anhydrous at 284 °F (EPA, 1998)

200 °C

MP: APPROX 60 °C; 200 G/100 CC OF WATER @ 15-20 °C; 40 G/100 CC OF ALCOHOL@ 25 °C; 100 G/100 CC OF 90% ALCOHOL @ 15-20 °C /SODIUM CACODYLATE TRIHYDRATE/

200 °C

Sodium cacodylate appears as a white crystalline or granular solid with a slight odor. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. Used as a herbicide.

Trihydrate: White deliquescent solid; [Hawley] Colorless to light yellow odorless solid; [HSDB] White to yellowish odorless solid; [MSDSonline]

Granules; slight odor; liquefies in its water of hydration at about 60 °C; becomes anhydrous at 120 °C; burns with a bluish flame, emitting a garlic-like odor; pH about 8-9 /Sodium cacodylate trihydrate/

Deliquescent; white, amorphous crystals or powder; loses water at 120 °C /Sodium cacodylate trihydrate/

Danger

H301 (96.3%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]；H331 (92.6%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]；H400 (87%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]；H410 (94.4%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P316, P304+P340, P316, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 54 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Cacodylic acid + sodium salt is listed in the dataset of EPA Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides under the Safe Drinking Water Act (40 eCFR 141)

2002/2076

Restricted substance: Sodium dimethylarsinate；EC: 204-708-2；Restriction condition document: PDF link

Sodium cacodylate: HSNO Approval: HSR005439 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Poisoning potential is high when heated to decomposition, or on contact with acids or acid fumes, because it emits highly toxic fumes of arsenic. Avoid water solution in contact with active metals (iron, aluminum, zinc). (EPA, 1998)

· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.；· Containers may explode when heated.；· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.；· Runoff may pollute waterways.；· Substance may be transported in a molten form.

Moderately toxic; probable oral lethal dose in humans is 0.5-5 g/kg or between 1 ounce and 1 pint (or 1 lb.) for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. It may cause disturbances of the blood, kidneys, and nervous system. (EPA, 1998)

· Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.；· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.；· Avoid any skin contact.；· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.；· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

Some converted to inorganic trivalent arsenic in the body; [Merck Index] Cacodylic acid is not converted into inorganic arsenic in the body; [Nordberg, p. 590] A skin and eye irritant; [HSDB] An irritant; [MSDSonline] Most excreted unchanged; [Rosenstock, p. 947] The bladder and thyroid are target organs; Not carcinogenic up to doses resulting in regenerative proliferation; Developmental studies of rats and rabbits along with a two-generation reproductive study show no indication of increased susceptibility; [Reference #1] See Dimethylarsenic acid.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Sodium cacodylate is found on List B. Case No: 2080; Pesticide type: Herbicide; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Sodium cacodylate; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 06/07/91, 03/03/95, 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, liquid, NOS/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

SODIUM CACODYLATE gives basic solutions in water. Corrodes common metals, but reaction is not hazardous. (USCG, 1999). Liquefies in its own water of crystallization when heated to 60 °C; becomes anhydrous at 120 °C [Merck]. Burns with a bluish flame, emitting a garlic-like odor [Merck].

(Non-Specific -- Pesticide, Solid, n.o.s.) Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Move container from fire area, if you can do so without risk.；(Non-Specific -- Pesticide, Solid, n.o.s.) Extinguish with dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.；· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；· Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.；· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.；· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Warning: Effects usually appear within 30 to 60 minutes but may be delayed for several hours. Caution is advised.；Signs and Symptoms of Acute Sodium Cacodylate Exposure: Acute exposure to sodium cacodylate may be fatal. Headache, red-stained eyes, and a garlicky odor of the breath may be the first effects noticed. Other signs and symptoms include generalized weakness, intense thirst, muscle cramping, seizures, toxic delirium, and shock. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea may occur. Hypotension (low blood pressure), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), pulmonary edema, ventricular fibrillation, and other cardiac abnormalities are usually found following severe exposure. Sodium cacodylate is corrosive to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.；Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to sodium cacodylate may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.；Inhalation Exposure:；1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to sodium cacodylate.；2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.；3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.；4. RUSH to a health care facility.；Dermal/Eye Exposure:；1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to sodium cacodylate.；2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.；3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.；4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.；5. Wash exposed skin areas for at least 15 minutes with soap and water.；6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.；7. RUSH to a health care facility.；Ingestion Exposure:；1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.；2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.；3. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).；· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.；· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep runoff water out of sewers and water sources.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:；ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D004, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Storage: To convert the gas-cleaning residues obtained during the metallurgical processing of arsenic-containing ores into a portable and less water-soluble form, the metals are precipitated as hydroxides by using an excess of lime water and the arsenic is precipitated as calcium arsenate and calcium arsenite. This "arsenic sludge" is recycled, on the one hand, in order not to lose the valuable metals, and on the other, in order to reduce the problem of arsenic sludge disposal.

Keep out of reach of children. ... Avoid inhalation of spray mist. Avoid spray drift to desirable plants.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Personnel protection: ... Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPISTS SHOULD SEE THAT EXTREME CARE IS EXCERCISED DURING PREPN OF CACODYLATE BUFFERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:；IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.；SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.；FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure；· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.；Spill；· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.；· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.；Fire；· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Tolerances for total residues of combined arsenic (calculated as As) in food are established as follows: (a) In edible tissues & in eggs of chickens & turkeys: 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue; 2 ppm in uncooked edible by-products; & 0.5 ppm in eggs. (b) In edible tissues of swine: 2 ppm in uncooked liver & kidney; 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue & by-products other than liver & kidney. /Arsenic/

Arsenic poisoning can be treated by chelation therapy, using chelating agents such as dimercaprol, EDTA or DMSA. Charcoal tablets may also be used for less severe cases. In addition, maintaining a diet high in sulfur helps eliminate arsenic from the body. (L20)

Aggressive decontamination with gastric lavage is recommended if the patient has consumed a potentially life-threatening dose and if the patient is not vomiting. Administer charcoal as a slurry (T36).

Muscarinic receptorsare altered by sulfhydryl reagents. Arsenic cmpd, which have been used as insecticides, exert their toxic effects by combining with sulfhydryl groups. The action of arsenicals on the muscarinic receptor from invertebrate and vertebrate species (locust and rat) was compared. Disulfide reducing reagents dithiothreitol and British Anti-Lewisite, but not arsenicals, inhibited (3)H quinuclidinyl benzilate binding. However, after disulfide reduction, arsenicals caused a further inhibition of muscarinic binding. The effect of dithiothreitol + arsenicals was largely irreversible. The locust receptors were more sensitive to the action of both disulfide reagents either in the absence or presence of arsenicals than the rat receptors. The sulfhydryl reagent p-chloromercuric benzoate was more effective at inhibiting the locust receptors than the rat receptors, but addition of arsenicals did not cause further inhibition in either the locust or rat receptors. In locust, dithiothreitol + cacodylate and dithiothreitol + arsenite caused a reduction in the number of sites without modifying the affinity of (3)H quinuclidinyl benzilate binding. In rat, dithiothreitol + arsenite caused a decrease in the affinity, while dithiothreitol + cacodylate caused a decrease in the affinity of (3)H quinuclidinyl benzilate binding and its number of sites. Competition experiments after dithiothreitol + cacodylate showed that the IC50 remained unchanged in the locust. In the rat, the IC50 for atropine was increased and increased for carbachol. These results are explained assuming that the binding site of the locust receptor has a disulfide group similar to that of the mammalian receptor, but that th hydrophobic interactions within the binding site are weaker in the locust receptor.

Arsenic poisoning can lead to death from multi-system organ failure, probably from necrotic cell death, not apoptosis. Arsenic is also a known carcinogen, especially in skin, liver, bladder and lung cancers. (T1, L20)

Hypovolemia from capillary leakage (third-spacing of fluids) is a common, serious, early effect. Muscle cramps, facial edema, bronchitis, dyspnea, chest pain, dehydration, intense thirst, and fluid-electrolyte disturbances are also common following significant exposures. A garlic-like odor of the breath and feces may also occur. After absorption, arsenic may cause multi-organ failure by inhibiting sulfhydryl-containing enzymes. Encephalopathy, with headache, lethargy, mental confusion, hallucinations, emotional lability, memory loss and delirium may occur; seizures, stupor, convulsions, coma, and death may follow within 24 hours of a severe acute exposure. Dysrhythmias (particularly QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes), cardiomyopathy, ARDS, hepatitis, rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis, and renal failure may develop over several days. The sequence of chronic poisoning involves hyperpigmentation, and eczematoid and allergic dermatitis. muscle fasciculations; gross tremors; ataxia; incoordination; and mental confusion. Muscular weakness, limb tenderness and difficulty walking may follow. The final phase consists of peripheral sensory neuropathy of the hands and feet. That may be associated with a motor neuropathy as well (T36).

LC50 Gammarus fasciatus more than 100 mg/l/96 hr at 15 °C, mature, static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical material, 100%/

LC50 Palaeminetes 28 mg/l/96 hr at 21 °C, mature (95% confidence limit 14-58 mg/l) Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l ascalcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical material, 100%; tested in hard water, 272 ppm calcium carbonate/

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) 17 mg/l/96 hr at 18 °C, wt 0.8 g (95% confidence limit 15-19 mg/l) static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical material, 100%/

Oral (L2) ; inhalation (L2); dermal (L2)

Oral (L2) ; inhalation (L2); dermal (L2)

Arsenic and its metabolites disrupt ATP production through different mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase and uncouples the oxidative phosphorylation by competing with phosphate. This leads to inhibition of energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is increased, leading to oxidative stress due to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Arsenic's carginogenicity is influenced by the arsenical binding of tubulin, which results in aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests. The binding of other arsenic protein targets may also cause altered DNA repair enzyme activity, altered DNA methylation patterns and cell proliferation. (T1, A17)

Arsenic and its metabolites disrupt ATP production through several mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and by competing with phosphate it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, thus inhibiting energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is also increased, which might form reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Arsenic's carcinogenicity is influenced by the arsenical binding of tubulin, which results in aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests. The binding of other arsenic protein targets may also cause altered DNA repair enzyme activity, altered DNA methylation patterns and cell proliferation. (T1, A17)

Exposure to lower levels of arsenic can cause nausea and vomiting, decreased production of red and white blood cells, abnormal heart rhythm, damage to blood vessels, and a sensation of “pins and needles” in hands and feet. Breathing high levels of inorganic arsenic can provoque sore throat or irritated lungs. Arsenic also affects the brain, causing neurological disturbances such as headaches, confusion, and drowsiness. (A1)

Initial signs and symptoms of arsenic ingestion include burning lips, throat constriction and dysphagia, followed by excruciating abdominal pain, hemorrhagic gastritis, gastroenteritis, severe nausea, projectile voting, profuse "rice water-like" diarrhea, with hypovolemia that may result in hypotension and an irregular pulse. The sequence of chronic poisoning involves weakness, anorexia, hepatomegaly, jaundice, and gastrointestinal complaints, followed by conjunctivitis, irritation of the throat and respiratory tract. ther effects of chronic exposure include conjunctivitis with irritation and lacrimation; hair, skin and nail changes; hyperkeratosis of feet and hands; and melanosis, with pigment spots in corneal and conjunctival epithelium. Peripheral nervous system symptoms may include numbness, burning, and tingling of the hands and feet; pain; paresthesias; tenderness (T36).

ORGANOARSENICALS, SUCH AS DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID ... & SODIUM CACODYLATE ARE ADSORBED BY CLAY SOILS. ... DOWNWARD LEACHING OF METHANEARSONIC ACID SALTS HAS ALSO BEEN REPORTED. THE METHANEARSONIC ACID SALTS & DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID ARE FIXED BY IRON & ALUMINUM IN SOIL, ALTHOUGH NOT AS STRONGLY AS INORGANIC ARSENATE.

STRONG GARLIC ODOR IS IMPARTED TO BREATH, SWEAT, & URINE.

Ingestion or excessive inhalation causes irritation of stomach and intestines with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, rapid pulse, coma.

Irritating to skin and eyes.

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

APPROX 100 & 1000 UG/L (AS ARSENIC) DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT SURVIVAL OF OTHER TEST SPECIES AFTER 28 DAYS OR REDUCE YOUNG PRODUCTION IN DAPHNIA AFTER 14 DAYS OF EXPOSURE.

EFFECTIVE CONCN CAUSING 50% INHIBITION OF MICROBIAL DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY (IC50) WAS CALCULATED. IC50 VALUE FOR SODIUM CACODYLATE WAS 2000 PPM.

The effect of pure sodium cacodylate on dividing cells was studied. The root meristematic cells of Allium cepa leguminosae (the roots were squashed in acetoorcein) and endosperm cells of Haemanthus katherinae Bak. (in vitro observations) were used. Serious disturbances in karyokinesis and cytokinesis were found that led most often to the formation of polyploid or multinucleate (Allium cepa) cells. These results point to damage of the mitotic spindle and phragmoplast.

The induction of hepatic zinc-thionein by various chemical forms of arsenic and modulation by selenium were investigated in mice. The four representative forms of arsenic tested were the organic cmpd methylarsonate and dimethylarsinate, and the inorganic cmpd m-arsenite and arsenate. Male ICR mice were administered doses of respective arsenic cmpd either orally or ip. Twenty-four hours later, livers were assayed for zinc concn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Metallothionein determination was made by HPLC/atomic absorption spectrophotometry by cadmium displacement of zinc. The mortality rate of the mice within 24 hr of ip injection as a function of dose indicated that the inorganic arsenic cmpd were much more toxic than the organic arsenic cmpd. The inorganic cmpd also induced hepatic zinc-thionein at doses one order of magnitude lower than the organic cmpd. There were no significant differences in results between oral and ip administration. The coadministration of selenite and m-arsenite ip induced approximately one fifth as much hepatic zinc-thionein as selenite alone but a comparable amount to that of m-arsenite alone. It was concluded that hepatic zinc-thionein induction by the arsenic cmpd examined parallels their respective toxicities. Inhibition of selenite induction of zinc-thionein by m-arsenite could relate to the ability of arsenic and selenium to reduce each other's toxicity.

Cacodylic acid + sodium salt is listed in the dataset of EPA Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides under the Safe Drinking Water Act (40 eCFR 141)

2002/2076

Restricted substance: Sodium dimethylarsinate；EC: 204-708-2；Restriction condition document: PDF link

Sodium cacodylate: HSNO Approval: HSR005439 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Sodium cacodylate is found on List B. Case No: 2080; Pesticide type: Herbicide; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Sodium cacodylate; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 06/07/91, 03/03/95, 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, liquid, NOS/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Sodium cacodylate is included on this list.

(a) The owner or operator of an existing glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 2.5 Mg (2.7 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/

(b) The owner or operator of a new or modified glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 0.4 Mg (0.44 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/

The owner or operator of each copper converter subject to the provisions of this subpart shall reduce inorganic arsenic emissions to the atmosphere by meeting the following design, equipment, work practice, and operational requirements: (1) Install, operate, and maintain a secondary hood system on each copper converter. Each secondary hood system shall consist of a hood enclosure, air curtain fan(s), exhaust system fan(s), and ductwork that conveys the captured emission to a control device ... (2) Optimize the capture of secondary inorganic arsenic emission by operating the copper converter and secondary hood systems at all times ... . /Inorganic arsenic/

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Sodium cacodylate is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 100 or 10,000 lbs. Extremely hazardous substances that are solids are subject to either of two threshold planning quantities ... The lower quantity applies only if the solid exists in powdered for and has a particle size less than 100 microns; or is handled in solution or in molten form; or meets the criteria for a National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) rating of 2, 3 or 4 for reactivity. If the solid does not meet any of these criteria, it is subject to the upper ... threshold planning quantity ... .

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Arsenic & cmpd/

For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcinogenic effects due to exposure of arsenic through ingestion of contaminated water & contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concn should be zero based on the nonthreshold assumption for this chemical. However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated at 1X10-5, 1X10-6, & 1X10-7. The corresponding criteria are 22 ng/l, 2.2 ng/l, & .22 ng/l, respectively .... For consumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 175 ng/ml, 17.5 ng/l, & 1.75 ng/l, respectively. /Arsenic/

D004; A solid waste containing arsenic may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

(AZ) ARIZONA 10 ug/L /Arsenic/

(CT) CONNECTICUT 10 ug/l /Arsenic/

When administered to rats, cacodylic acid was rapidly absorbed from the lung with a half-time of 2.2 min. Peroral absorption half-time was 248 min. The half-time for clearance from the whole blood after intravenous, intratracheal and peroral administration as 92, 76 and 90 days, respectively. In pregnant rats, cacodylic acid readily crossed the placenta. The small amount of carbon dioxide evolved indicated that only a small fraction of the dose was demethylated. /Cacodylic acid/

... METAB OF CACODYLIC ACID IN BLACK VALENTINE BEANS /WAS STUDIED/. ANALYSIS OF THE EXTRACT REVEALED AS, PRESUMED TO BE CACODYLIC ACID /CA/, IN THE CHROMATOGRAM WHERE CA SHOULD HAVE BEEN. THE ABSENCE OF AS3+ & MSMA /MONOSODIUM METHANEARSONATE/ WAS DEMONSTRATED. IN SEPARATE EXPT, NO ARSINE ... DETECTED EVEN THOUGH SEVERE TOXICITY DEVELOPED ... . IN CONCLUSION, APPARENTLY NO DEGRADATION OF CACODYLIC ACID OCCURS IN PLANTS BASED ON LIMITED STUDIES. VARIOUS ORGANISMS, HOWEVER, ARE CAPABLE OF REDUCING CACODYLIC ACID TO DI- OR TRIMETHYLARSINE. /CACODYLIC ACID/

METHANOBACTERIUM SPECIES (STRAIN M.OH) IN AN INCUBATION MIXTURE UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS REDUCED CACODYLIC ACID TO DIMETHYLARSINE IN ABSENCE OF A C-1 DONOR. /CACODYLIC ACID/

Arsenic and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine. (L2)

Arsenic is absorbed mainly by inhalation or ingestion, as to a lesser extent, dermal exposure. It is then distributed throughout the body, where it is reduced into arsenite if necessary, then methylated into monomethylarsenic (MMA) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) by arsenite methyltransferase. Arsenic and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine. Arsenic is known to induce the metal-binding protein metallothionein, which decreases the toxic effects of arsenic and other metals by binding them and making them biologically inactive, as well as acting as an antioxidant. (L20)

FIVE DOSES OF SODIUM CACODYLATE (194 MG) WERE ADMIN IV TO 2 HORSES AT 2 DAY INTERVALS. URINARY ARSENIC CONTENT WAS DETERMINED FOR 5 DAYS AFTER FINAL DOSE AT WHICH TIME CONCN WERE CLOSE TO CONTROL SAMPLES. ORG ARSENICALS ARE MORE RAPIDLY EXCRETED BY ANIMALS THAN INORG CMPD.

Used as herbicide (sod, turf, ornamentals, and nonbearing citrus), cotton defoliant, and veterinary treatment for chronic eczema and anemia; [HSDB] Used in analytical chemistry; [MSDSonline]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For Sodium cacodylate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 012502) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Herbicide/defoliant (cotton)

General weed control, sod and turf edging renovation, ornamentals, nonbearing citrus, cotton defoliant.

MEDICATION (VET)

... distillation of a mixt of arsenic trioxide and potassium acetate ... yields Cadet's liq, containing ... dimethylarsine oxide. This is oxidized with mercuric oxide yielding crystals of cacodylic acid which is neutralized with sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.

... BY TREATMENT OF METHYLARSINE OXIDE WITH METHYL IODIDE & SODIUM HYDROXIDE IN METHYL ALCOHOL ... IT IS PREPARED COMMERCIALLY BY ALKYLATION OF METHANEARSONIC ACID, DISODIUM SALT WITH METHYL CHLORIDE ... .

Oxidation and neutralization of cacodyl oxide. /Sodium cacodylate trihydrate/

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 012502; Trade Names: Ansar 160; Ansar 560; Bolls-Eye; Chemaid; Phytar 560, component of (with 012501); Rad-E-Cate 25.

PHYTAR 160 CONTAINS 3.25 LB/GAL; RAD-E-CATE 35 CONTAINS 3.25 LB/GAL & SURFACTANT; PHYTAR 560 CONTAINS 2.48 LB/GAL & SURFACTANT; BROADSIDE CONTAINS 3.0 LB/GAL MSMA & 1.25 LB/GAL NA-CACODYLATE; CHEX-MATE CONTAINS 3.00 LB/GAL MSMA, 1.25 LB/GAL NA-CACODYLATE & SURFACTANT. RAD-E-CATE 25 CONTAINS 2.48 LB/GAL & SURFACTANT; BOLLS-EYE CONTAINS 3.10 LB/GAL; PHYTAR 535 CONTAINS 3.25 LB/GAL; PHYTAR 138 CONTAINS 80% SODIUM-CACODYLATE & IS FREE ACID. /FROM TABLE/

SODIUM CACODYLATE IS AVAILABLE FOR FARM APPLICATIONS AS CONCENTRATED SOLN, AS 25% SOLN WITH SURFACTANT, IN COMBINATION WITH DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID OR IN COMBINATION WITH METHANEARSONIC ACID, MONOSODIUM SALT & SURFACTANT.

Bolls-eye; Phytar 560; Rad-E-cate 16; Rad-E-cate 25; Rad-E-cate 35

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for SODIUM CACODYLATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Arsinic acid, As,As-dimethyl-, sodium salt (1:1): ACTIVE

CONTAINS APPROX 35% ARSENIC (47% IN ANHYDROUS FORM).

Grades or purity: 22-28% sodium cacodylate, 3-5% cacodylic acid, balance inert solid (or water).

... The safe parenteral dose (300 mg) is significantly larger than the safe oral dose (60 mg) because acidic gastric juice rapidly frees inorganic arsenic, presumably as arsenic acid, which is then reduced to trivalent arsenous oxide.