硫化ニッケル

Danger

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P318, P319, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P318, P319, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

Nickel sulfide (NiS) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Nickel sulfide (NiS) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

REACH registered substance: Nickel sulphide (EC: 240-841-2)

Restricted substance: Nickel sulphide

Skin Sens. 1 (100%)

Respiratory sensitization - Category 1

Respiratory sensitization - Category 1

Germ cell mutagenicity - Category 2

Carc. 1A

Carc. 1A

The most common harmful health effect of nickel in humans is an allergic reaction. This usually manifests as a skin rash, although some people experience asthma attacks. Long term inhahation of nickel causes chronic bronchitis and reduced lung function, as well as damage to the naval cavity. Ingestion of excess nickel results in damage to the stomach, blood, liver, kidneys, and immune system, as well as having adverse effects on reproduction and development. (L41)

Nickel is known to substitute for other essential elements in certain enzmes, such as calcineurin. It is genotoxic, and some nickel compounds have been shown to promote cell proliferation. Nickel has a high affinity for chromatin proteins, particularly histones and protamines. The complexing of nickel ions with heterochromatin results in a number of alterations including condensation, DNA hypermethylation, gene silencing, and inhibition of histone acetylation, which have been shown to disturb gene expression. Nickel has also been shown to alter several transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, activating transcription factor, and NF-KB transcription factor. There is also evidence that nickel ions inhibit DNA repair, either by directly inhibiting DNA repair enzymes or competing with zinc ions for binding to zinc-finger DNA binding proteins, resulting in structural changes in DNA that prevent repair enzymes from binding. Nickel ions can also complex with a number of cellular ligands including amino acids, peptides, and proteins resulting in the generation of oxygen radicals, which induce base damage, DNA strand breaks, and DNA protein crosslinks. (L41, A40)

Nickel is absorbed mainly through the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Once in the body it enters the bloodstream, where it binds to albumin, L-histidine, and _2-macroglobulin. Nickel tends to accumulate in the lungs, thyroid, kidney, heart, and liver. Absorbed nickel is excreted in the urine, wherease unabsorbed nickel is excreted in the faeces. (L41)

All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing

Nickel sulfide (NiS): ACTIVE