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HCID 28112作成日：2026年10月27日

水素化リチウムアルミニウム

水素化リチウムアルミニウム (8%テトラヒドロフラン溶液, 約2mol/L) · 水素化リチウムアルミニウム (粉末) · 水素化アルミニウムリチウム · テトラヒドリドアルミン酸リチウム · テトラヒドロアルミン酸リチウム · 水素化リチウムアルミニウム(粒状) · 水素化リチウムアルミニウム,テトラヒドロフラン溶液 · テトラヒドリドアルミネートリチウム

https://huagongshe.com/ja/chemical/28112

水素化リチウムアルミニウム の分子構造式

識別子と物理属性

CAS No.16853-85-3
分子式AlH4.Li
平均分子量38 g/mol
単同位体質量38.02884331 g/mol
SMILES[AlH4-].[Li+]
InChIKeyOCZDCIYGECBNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID28112
ChEBICHEBI:30142
EC No.240-877-9
DTXSIDDTXSID70893441
現地名水素化リチウムアルミニウム

化学・物理的性質

極性表面積0
水素結合供与体数0
水素結合受容体数1
回転可能結合数0
重原子数2
形式電荷0
複雑度0
物質分類Metals -> Metal HydridesFlammable agents - 2nd degree
臭いNone無臭の固体
密度0.917 at 59 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than waterwill float0.920.92 @25 °C0.97 g/mL at 20 °C
Color/FormMicrocrystalline powder when puregray when aluminum impurity present. Monoclinic crystals.Gray-white monoclinic crystals
溶解度Solubility (parts/100 parts solvent): 30 (ether)13 (tetrahydrofuran)10 (dimethylcellosolve)2 (dibutyl ether)0.1 (dioxane).reacts with H2O, ethanolseth, tetrahydrofuran反応する
DecompositionDecomposes to lithium hydride, aluminum metal and hydrogen above 125 °C without melting.Decomposes above 125 °C, slowly loses hydrogen at 120 °C, decomposes in moist air.
融点Decomposes >125 °C125 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Physical DescriptionLithium aluminum hydride appears as a white powder that turns gray on standing. If spread out over a large flat combustible surface, friction can cause ignition. Used to make other chemicals, as a polymerization catalyst, as a hydrogen source, and as a propellant.Gray to white crystals[HSDB]
Stability/Shelf LifeStable in dry air at room temperature.Sometimes turns gray on standingLow melting solids or colorless, volatile liquids. /Alkylaluminum halides/Less sensitive than trialkylaminums to oxidation upon exposure to air. /Alkylaluminum halides/
Other Experimental PropertiesReacts rapidly with water and alcoholsreduces aldehydes, ketones, acid chlorides and esters to alcoholsreduces nitriles to aminesaromatic nitro compounds to azo-compounds. Does not attack olefinic double bonds unless they are conjugated with a phenyl group and a carbonyl or nitrile group.Gray when aluminum impurity presentStable in dry air at room temperature, decomposes above 125 °C, slowly loses hydrogen at 120 °C, decomposes in moist air, may ignite on grinding in air.Heat of formation: -116.3 (crystalline) kJ/mol @ 298.15 KGibbs energy of formation: -44.7(crystalline) kJ/mol @ 298.15 Kstandard molar entropy: 78.7 J/mol K @ 298.15 Kmolar heat capacity at constant pressure: 83.2 J/mol K @ 298.15 K
沸点0°C
引火点99 °F
貯蔵条件Store below +30°C.
pKa（酸解離定数）3.86
外観・状態錠剤 (各 ~0.5 g)
色ホワイトからライトグレー
比重0.917
比熱容量Cp(crystal): 2.19 J/(g·K), at 25℃
Merck14,350
安定性安定。水と激しく反応し、水素を放出する。強力な酸化剤、アルコール、酸とは相容れない。
InChI1S/Al.Li.4H/q-1+1
InChIKeyOCZDCIYGECBNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES[Li].[AlH3]
CAS データベース16853-85-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
NISTの化学物質情報Lithium tetrahydroaluminate(16853-85-3)
EPAの化学物質情報Lithium aluminum hydride (16853-85-3)

化学的特性

Lithium aluminum hydride is a white to gray powder. A combustible solid. monoclinic crystals; grey in the presence of aluminum impurity; stable below 120°C in dry air; turns grey on standing; hygroscopic; density 0.917 g/cm3; melts at 190°C (decomposes); reacts with water and alcohols; soluble in diethylether and tetrahydrofuran (about 30 and 13 g/100g, respectively at 25°C; also soluble in dimethylcellosolve; sparingly soluble in dibutylether; slightly soluble in dioxane (1g/L) and practically insoluble in hydrocarbons; can be solubilized in benzene by crown ether.

安全性と法規制

GHS 分類DangerH220 (13.3%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]P203, P210, P222, P223, P231+P232, P260, P264, P264+P265, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P335+P334, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P370+P378, P377, P381, P402+P404, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 279 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]
規制情報Chemical: Aluminate(1-), tetrahydro-, lithium, (T-4)-Status: Active Update: 11-11-2013 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/11218Aluminate(1-), tetrahydro-, lithium, (T-4)-: HSNO Approval: HSR001279 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
その他の安全情報IMAP assessments - Aluminate(1-), tetrahydro-, lithium, (T-4)-: Human health tier I assessment
輸送ラベル（DOT）Dangerous When Wet
火災危険Behavior in Fire: Decomposes at 257 °F to form hydrogen gas. The heat generated may cause ignition and/or explosion. (USCG, 1999)· Produce flammable gases on contact with water.
火災の可能性Evolves hydrogen & ignites on contact with water.Decomposition begins at 257 °F (125 °C) & releases heat. Combustion may produce irritants & toxic gases.Flammable, dangerous fire risk. May ignite spontaneously on grinding or rubbing, or from static sparks.Lithium aluminum hydride has the additional fire hazard in that it is used in the flammable solvents diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran.Lithium aluminum hydride should not be used to dry methyl ethers or tetrahydrofuranfires from this are very common.Lithium aluminum hydride with carbon dioxide in sodium bicarbonate at high temp is a fire hazard.
健康有害性

用途

解説

テトラヒドリドアルミン酸リチウム,Li[AlH4](37.96)．水素化アルミニウムリチウムともいう．水素化リチウム LiHと塩化アルミニウムAl2Cl6とをエーテル，ジオキサンのような有機溶媒中で反応させると得られる．白色の不揮発性結晶．四面体の [AlH4]－ の間に Li＋ が入っている構造．120 ℃ 以下で安定である．エーテル類に可溶．有力な還元剤として，無機，有機のいずれの分野にも重要である．

用途

有機合成用。

用途

水素化アルミニウムリチウムは有機化学において非常に強力な還元剤として広く利用されている。

使用

Lithium aluminum hydride is among the most important industrial reducingagents. It is used extensively in organic syntheses and also in catalytichydrogenation. Reactant or reagent for: 1. The preparation of thermoplastic polyester polyamides from oleic acid 2. Lithium-polymer batteries 3. Hydrodefluorination of gem-difluoromethylene derivatives 4. Asymmetric aldol reactions 5. Synthesis of Li-Al-N-H composites with hydrogen absorption / desorption properties 6. LAH is a powerful reducing agent for many different reduction reactions such as that of ketones to alcohols

一般的な説明

A white powder that turns gray on standing. If spread out over a large flat combustible surface, friction can cause ignition. Used to make other chemicals, as a polymerization catalyst, as a hydrogen source, and as a propellant.

使用用途

水素化アルミニウムリチウムは強力な還元作用を有し、有機化学で還元剤として使用されます。具体例を挙げると、「エステル、ケトン、アルデヒドからアルコール」「アミド、ニトリル、ニトロ化合物からアミン」「ハロゲン化合物から脱ハロゲン化したアルカン」など、さまざまな化学物質を還元可能です。 反応性の高さから大量には使用されませんが、小規模な実験で使用されることが多いです。

使用用途

水素化リチウムアルミニウムは、化学合成で還元剤として使用されています。反応性の高さから実験室で頻繁に用いられます。ただし工業スケールでは、より穏やかな反応性を有する還元剤が使用され、安全面の点から避けられることが多いです。 主に脱水エーテルを反応溶媒として使用し、エステルやカルボン酸などを、1級アルコールへ還元するために用いられています。

製法・合成法

製造方法

Lithium aluminum hydride is prepared by reaction of lithium hydride with aluminum chloride in diethylether: 4LiH + AlCl3 →(C2H5)2O→LiAlH4+3LiCl

合成方法

LiHと塩化アルミニウムの反応でつくる

純化方法

Extract it with Et2O, and, after filtering, the solvent is removed under vacuum. The residue is dried at 60o for 3hours, under high vacuum [Ruff J Am Chem Soc 83 1788 1961]. It is a strong reducing agent. It IGNITES in the presence of a small amount of water and reacts with it EXPLOSIVELY. [Becher in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 805 1963.]

Contact of solid with eyes and skin causes severe burns similar to those caused by caustic soda. (USCG, 1999)
· Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.
有害性の概要Contact with solid causes caustic burns to eyes and skin. [CHRIS] Inhalation of high concentrations can cause pulmonary edema[HSDB] Reacts with moisture on the skin or in the eyes and respiratory tract to form a corrosive alkali solution (lithium hydroxide)[CHEMINFO]
輸送番号・ガイド（DOT）1411 1381410 138
反応性グループMetal Hydrides, Metal Alkyls, Metal Aryls, and Silanes
RCRA 要件D003A solid waste containing Lithium aluminum hydride may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for reactivity as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.23, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.
Reactivity AlertsStrong Reducing Agent
Reactivity ProfileLITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE is a powerful reducing agent. React violently on contact with many oxidizing agents. Ignites by friction, especially if powdered. Reacts vigorously with hydroxy compounds such as water, alcohols, carboxylic acids [Mellor 2 Supp. 2:142. 1961]. Caused a violent explosion when used to dry diethylene glycol dimethyl ether: Ignition may have been caused by heat from reaction with impurity water or perhaps decomposition of peroxides in the ether. About 75% of the ether had been removed when the explosion occurred [MCA Case History 1494. 1968]. Reduces carbon dioxide or sodium hydrogen carbonate to methane and ethane at elevated temperatures. These flammable or explosive gases can form when CO2 extinguishers are used to fight hydride fires. Forms explosive complexes with ether, dimethylamine and various tetrazoles. Tetrazoles include, 2-methyl, 2-ethyl, 5-ethyl, 2-methyl-5-vinyl, 5-amino-2-ethyl [US Pat. 3 396 170, 1968].
消火Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:
漏出応急措置· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
応急処置In case of accidental contact with the skin, wipe off excess with a dry paper towel. Wash the affected area with a large volume of water to prevent localized heating of the skin. (USCG, 1999)General First Aid:
Firefighting HazardsIt /lithium aluminum hydride/ reacts with water to form lithium hydroxide, a corrosive material, aluminum hydroxide and hydrogen, a flammable gas. The heat of this reaction may be sufficient to ignite the hydrogen. The lithium and aluminum hydroxides are corrosive.
暴露管理・個人防護· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
消火手順Fire must be extinguished with powdered limestone or dry chemical.A fire once started cannot be extinguished by ordinary methodssmothering by dolomite powder is recommended.Fires should be extinguished with dry chemicals"Lith-X," the trademark for a graphite-base dry chemical extinguishing agent, is available for such fires.Sand can be used as a fire extinguisher for lithium aluminum hydride.For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
保管条件Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from ketones, aldehydes, nitrogenous organic compounds.Extremely reactive with air, moisture and compounds containing active hydrogen and therefore must be kept under a blanket of inert gas. /Aluminum alkyls/In general, materials ... toxic as stored or which can decompose into toxic components ... Should be stored in cool ... ventilated place, out of ... sun, away from ... fire hazard ... be periodically inspected and monitored. Incompatible materials should be isolated ...All possibility of contact with water must be avoided. Solution containing not more than 20% of these compounds in non-reactive solvents, however, can be handled without risk of spontaneous ignition. /Aluminum alkyls/For more Storage Conditions (Complete) data for LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
非火災時の漏出対応Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:
処分方法Aluminum compounds are treated under anhydrous conditions to prevent violent reactions, recover solvent, and form Al compounds suitable for landfill by reaction with anhydrous hydrolysis agent, eg calcium hydroxide. /Aluminum compounds/SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
Preventive MeasuresBurning lithium aluminum hydride is not extinguished by nitrogentherefore, for large-scale utilization of lithium aluminum hydride, use of an inert gas such as argon is necessry to prevent a potentially hazardous situation.The principal physical property of lithium hydrides important to their safe handling is the large amount of hydrogen contained in a relatively small volume. Two g of lithium hydride treated with water will liberate 200 cu ft of hydrogen. ... In the handling of lithium hydrides, water in any form must be eliminated. ... Chief hazards in handling are dust production, static electricity, and fire. /Lithium hydrides/Care is necessary in handling ... . A rubber mallet is recommended for /pulverizing instead of a mortar and pestle/.Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Isolation and EvacuationExcerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:Immediate precautionary measure
Minimum Risk LevelIntermediate Oral: 1.0 mg/kg/day (L134) Chronic Oral: 1.0 mg/kg/day (L134)
TreatmentEYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.
健康影響Aluminum targets the nervous system and causes decreased nervous system performance and is associated with altered function of the blood-brain barrier. The accumulation of aluminum in the body may cause bone or brain diseases. High levels of aluminum have been linked to Alzheimer's disease. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)
有害作用Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin
暴露経路Oral (L739)inhalation (L739)
毒性の概要IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Lithium aluminum hydride is a gray-white monoclinic crystalline material which is soluble in ether, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylcellosolvepartially soluble in dibutyl ether and insoluble in dioxane. This chemical is an intermediate in the production of other hydrides. It is used as a reducing agent for over 60 different functional groups, especially for pharmaceutical, perfume, and fine organic chemicalsconverts esters, aldehydes and ketones to alcohols and nitriles to aminessource of hydrogenpropellantcatalyst in polymerizations. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Causes severe eye and skin burns. It may be harmful if inhaled. This chemical is irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Symptoms of overexposure include spasms, inflammation and edema of larynx, and bronchi, pulmonary edema, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, nausea, and vomiting. Solid will burn skin and eyes. The hydrides of aluminum can react with moisture and leave behind hydroxide. The hydrides of lithium in the presence of moisture are readily converted to hydroxides which are highly irritating to the skin by caustic and thermal action. Similar effects can occur on contact with eyes and respiratory mucous membranes. ANIMAL STUDIES: No animal studies could be located.The main target organs of aluminum are the central nervous system and bone. Aluminum binds with dietary phosphorus and impairs gastrointestinal absorption of phosphorus. The decreased phosphate body burden results in osteomalacia (softening of the bones due to defective bone mineralization) and rickets. Aluminum's neurotoxicity is believed to involve several mechanisms. Changes in cytoskeletal protein functions as a results of altered phosphorylation, proteolysis, transport, and synthesis are believed to be one cause. Aluminum may induce neurobehavioral effects by affecting permeability of the blood-brain barrier, cholinergic activity, signal transduction pathways, lipid peroxidation, and impair neuronal glutamate nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway, as well as interfere with metabolism of essential trace elements because of similar coordination chemistries and consequent competitive interactions. It has been suggested that aluminum's interaction with estrogen receptors increases the expression of estrogen-related genes and thereby contributes to the progression of breast cancer (A235), but studies have not been able to establish a clear link between aluminum and increased risk of breast cancer (A15468). Certain aluminum salts induce immune responses by activating inflammasomes. (L739, A235, A236)
Signs and SymptomsInhalating aluminum dust causes coughing and abnormal chest X-rays. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)
Human Toxicity Excerpts/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Contamination of aluminum with lithium was suggested as a mechanism for encephalopathy because psychotic patients treated with lithium salts exhibit tremors, early or after several years. Lithium may be a neurotoxin alone, as suggested by the observation that volunteers given lithium carbonate in doses of 1225 +/- 300 mg/day for 7 days when tested in the company of distractors made more errors recalling words than when they received a placebo. Although lithium and aluminum may act similarly, more studies are needed to determine whether lithium contamination contributes to occupational aluminum toxicity. /Lithium contaminated aluminum//SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Causes severe eye and skin burns. May be harmful if inhaled. Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Symptoms of overexposure include spasms, inflammation and edema of larynx, and bronchi, pulmonary edema, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, nausea, and vomiting./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ From an industrial point of view lithium itself and its salts present no hazard but lithium hydride and its derivatives lithium tetrahydroaluminate and lithium tetrahydroborate are corrosive and irritant.
Carcinogen ClassificationNot listed by IARC. IARC classified aluminum production as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), but did not implicate aluminum itself as a human carcinogen. (L135) A link between use of aluminum-containing antiperspirants and increased risk of breast cancer has been proposed (A235), but studies have not been able to establish a clear link (A15468).
Toxicity DataLC50 (mammal) = 70 mg/m3
State Drinking Water Standards(CA) CALIFORNIA 1000 ug/l /Aluminum/
州飲料水ガイドライン(AZ) ARIZONA 73 ug/l /Aluminum/(CA) CALIFORNIA 200 ug/l /Aluminum/(ME) MAINE 1430 ug/l /Aluminum/
連邦飲料水ガイドラインEPA 50-200 ug/l /Aluminum/
F10-21
水環境危害等級（WGK）2
TSCA 収載状態TSCA listed
RTECS 番号BD0100000
輸送番号（UN）UN 1411 4.3/PG I (LITHIUM ALUMINIUM HYDRIDE, ETHEREAL)
毒性TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 2 mg (Al)/m3
税関コード2850 00 20
危険文句（R）15-34-14/15-11-36/37-19-40-10-67-66-22-12-35-37-65-48/20-63-36/38-61-60
化審法(1)-16
安衛法57-2
消防法危-3-II
危険表示F,C,Xi,Xn,F+,T
安全措置（S）43-7/8-6A-45-43B-36/37/39-33-26-16-24/25-27-29-62-53
危険等級4.3Eye Dam. 1Skin Corr. 1AWater-react 1
包装等級I
貯蔵分類4.3 - Hazardous materials which set free flammable gases upon contact with water
有害物質データ16853-85-3(Hazardous Substances Data)