| 有害性の概要 | Causes burnsInhalation may cause pulmonary edemaShort-term exposure may have effects on the CNS (lowering of consciousness) and blood (destruction of blood cells)Prolonged or repeated exposure may have effects on the nervous system (impaired functions) and blood (anemia)Can be absorbed through skin[ICSC] May cause second degree skin burns after a few minutes contact[CHRIS] The most toxic of the three cresol isomersMay cause skin sensitization[HSDB] No evidence of skin sensitization in limited studies of humans and guinea pigs using p-cresol and m-/p-cresolA survey reports hypersensitivity reactions of certain individuals to cresol (unspecified isomer)Neither isomer produced mortality or clinical signs of toxicity following exposure to saturated vapor concentrations, although inhalation of aerosols may be fatal[OECD SIDS: m-/p-Cresol Category - 2003] Safe when used as a flavoring agent in food[JECFA] Causes burnsInhalation may cause corrosive injuries to upper respiratory tract and lungsHighly toxic by inhalationToxic by ingestion and skin absorptionTargets the CNS, lungs, liver, kidney, and eyes[Sigma-Aldrich MSDS] See Cresol, all isomers.The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of p-cresol stem from its toxicologic properties. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption), exposure to this colorless to white, tar-smelling, crystalline substance may occur from its use in coal desulfurization, and in the production of disinfectants, explosives, perfumery materials, and phenolic resins. Effects from exposure may include nausea, contact burns to the skin and eyes, ventricular arrhythmias, pulmonary edema, seizures, coma, and death. Both the OSHA PEL and the ACGIH TLV have been set at a TWA of 5 ppm. In activities or situations where over exposure may occur, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus and full chemical protective clothing which is specifically recommended by the shipper or producer to prevent skin contact with p-cresol. If contact should occur, immediately flush affected skin or eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, and remove contaminated clothing and shoes at the site. Eyewash and quick drench facilities should be readily available in p-cresol work areas. While p-cresol does not ignite easily, it can burn with the production of irritating and poisonous gases. Also, containers of p-cresol can explode violently in the heat of a fire. Fires involving p-cresol may be extinguished with dry chemical, CO2, Halon, water spray, or standard foam. Water spray, if used, should be applied with caution because it may cause frothing. Fight the fire from a maximum distance and dike runoff from fire control water. p-Cresol should be stored in iron or steel containers, in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas, away from oxidizing materials, and sources of ignition and physical damage. p-Cresol may be shipped via air, rail, road, and water. Small spills of p-cresol may be shovelled into clean, dry, covered containers for later disposal (solutions are first absorbed with sand or other noncombustible material). Large spills on land should be contained in pits or ot |
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