エチレンビス(ジチオカルバミン酸)

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U114, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. /Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 600(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The estimated pKa of ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) is 5.11(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given its pKa(3). Ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.5X10-8 mm Hg(2). No biodegradation data are available(SRC, 2010).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 600(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). An estimated pKa of 5.11(3) indicates ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -2.7(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The hydrolysis half-life of ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) was reported as 69 hours at pH 7(8). No biodegradation data are available(SRC, 2010).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid), which has a vapor pressure of 7.5X10-8 mm Hg at 20 °C(2) will exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ In birds, paralysis and muscular and peripheral nerve atrophy have ... been observed. /Dithiocarbamates/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Dithiocarbamates have an LC50 of less than 1 mg/L for invertebrates (Daphnia) and between 1 and 4 mg/L for algae (Chlorella). The acute toxicity of dithiocarbamates for fish is rather high. In general, the acute LC50 of dialkyldithiocarbamates for fish is less than 1 mg/L, and that of EBDCs is in the range 1-8 mg/L water. The sac fry and early fry stages of the rainbow trout have a higher sensitivity than other early life stages, and embryotoxic and teratogenic effects are induced by certain dithiocarbamates. However, bioaccumulation is low (bioconcentration factor < 100). The toxicity of /ethylenethiourea/ (ETU) and /ethyleneurea/ (EU) for fish, Daphnia, Chlorella, and two bacteria species is very low, of the order of g/L. /Dithiocarbamates/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... The 60-day toxicity for early life stages was tested on S. gairdneri using a number of dialkyldithiocarbamates, EBDCs, and breakdown products. The LC50s ranged from approx 1 to 9 ug/L for dialkyldithiocarbamates and 211-2100 ug/L for EBDCs, but /ethylene thiourea/ (ETU) and /ethyleneurea/ (EU) were not toxic, even at levels exceeding 1000 mg/L.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects were also observed for all the /dithiocarbamate/ compounds studied, and there was an overlap between the responses for skeletal malformations and lethality over a wide concentration range. The teratogenic effects in rainbow trout proved to be in agreement with those observed in mammals. Exposure of rainbow trout during embryo-larval development revealed that malformations induced by dithiocarbamates were almost exclusively confined to the notochord, which increased considerably in both length and diameter. As a result, the notochord became twisted and distorted. Ectopic osteogenesis was observed in almost every affected notochord. Other effects, such as the disruption of the integrity of myomeres and organ dislocations, were closely related to the notochordal anomalies. Also, compression and fusion of vertebrae and "waviness" of various skeletal elements were found. Concentration-related changes in the liver were observed in short-term exposure of juvenile rainbow trout, while at high levels proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells and necrosis of hepatocytes were seen. /Dithiocarbamates/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Short-term toxicity studies using /dithiocarbamate/ compounds ... were carried out to investigate the effects of prolonged exposure (21-day) on survival, fecundity, and growth of Daphnia magna. Growth and reproduction were not specifically inhibited, since effects on these characteristics were generally detected at levels comparable with the 21-day LC50s. For dialkyldithiocarbamates, the 21-day LC50s ranged from approx 10 to 30 ug/L, for EBDCs, from 80 to 110 ug/L, and, for ETU /(ethylenethiourea)/ and EU /(ethyeleneurea)/, the levels were 18 and 3200 mg/L, respectively ... /Dithiocarbamates/

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) can be estimated to be 600(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) is expected to have low mobility in soil.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Local irritation of the respiratory tract occurs when dithiocarbamates are inhaled as dust, which can also induce eye and dermal irritation. /Dithiocarbamates/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Regular contact with dithiocarbamates can cause functional changes in the nervous and hepatobiliary systems. Skin contact with dithiocarbamates may induce contact dermatitis, and some of these compounds will induce sensitization. /Dithiocarbamates/

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ Epidemiological studies on workers exposed to dithiocarbamates or ETU did not show any increase in the incidence of thyroid tumors. However, only a relatively small number of workers was involved. /Dithiocarbamates/

/GENOTOXICITY/ There are indications that the mean incidence of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes is increased in workers exposed to certain dithiocarbamates. /Dithiocarbamates/

Ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid)'s production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use in the heavy metal salt form as a fungicide(1) will result in the acid's direct release to the environment(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid)(SRC), using a log Kow of -2.7(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

An estimated pKa of 5.11(1) indicates ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces and moist soil is not expected to be an important fate process(2). Ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.5X10-8 mm Hg(3).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ From the available long-term carcinogenicity studies on mice and rats, there is no clear indication of a carcinogenic effect. Some of the dithiocarbamates have shown a goitrogenic effect at high dose levels. /Dithiocarbamates/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ In teratogenicity studies on mice and rats, dithiocarbamates induced an increase in resorption sites and somatic and skeletal malformations (cleft palate, hydrocephaly, and other abnormalities). The dose levels needed to produce these effects were usually higher than 200 mg/kg body weight in rats, and above 100 mg/kg body weight in mice. /Dithiocarbamates/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ ... A system called chicken embryo test /was used/ to study the embryotoxic potential of dithiocarbamates and found early and late death and malformed embryos. It was thought that this test could have a predictive value as a simple teratogenicity test, but many limitations were found in doing so, and the interpretation of the results were difficult. /Dithiocarbamates/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/ At dose levels above 50 mg/kg body weight, dithiocarbamates produce neurotoxic effects in rats and rabbits, characterized by ataxia and paralysis of the hind legs, and demyelination and degeneration of peripheral nerves. /Dithiocarbamates/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.1X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The hydrolysis half-life of ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) was reported as 69 hours at pH 7(2). Ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Occupational exposure to ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethylene bis(dithiocarbamic acid) via ingestion of food containing residual fungicide. (SRC)

U114; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). /Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts & esters/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts & esters/