クロロジブロモメタン

Other Classes -> Halogenated Aliphatics, Saturated

Carcinogens

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

log Kow = 2.16

2.24

2.451 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

Specific Gravity = 2.38

2.451 @ 20°C

Colorless to pale yellow liquid

Clear, colorless, heavy liquid

less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

> 10% in acetone; > 10% in benzene; > 10% in ethyl ether; > 10% in ethanol

Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, organic solvents, and acetone

Miscible in organic solvents.

In water, 2.70X10+3 mg/L at 20 °C

246 to 248 °F at 748 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

121.3 - 121.8 °C; also reported as 123-125 °C

120 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-8 °F (NTP, 1992)

-20 °C

-20 °C

45.7 mmHg at 63 °F ; 54.9 mmHg at 75 °F (NTP, 1992)

5.54 [mmHg]

5.54 [mm Hg] @25 °C

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 3.1% (1 of 32) of reports.

Warning

H302 (96.9%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P318, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 32 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Warning

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity; Hepatotoxicity and Digestive System Toxicity; Neurotoxicity

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. It may also cause fatigue. Other symptoms may include central nervous system effects, lung and cornea irritation and liver and kidney damage. Prolonged exposure can cause nausea, dizziness, headache and narcosis.

A skin, eye, mucous membrane, and respiratory tract irritant; Inhalation of high concentrations may cause CNS effects; May cause kidney and liver injury; May cause narcosis; [CAMEO] Causes CNS depression and evidence of liver and kidney injury after ingestion in high-dose animal experiments; [HSDB] An irritant; Effects in high-dose animal studies include injury to the liver, kidneys, and CNS (flaccid paralysis without anesthesia); [MSDSonline]

DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Bromoform/Chlorodibromomethane (1990) ATSDR/TP-90/05

DHHS/NTP; Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of Chlorodibromomethane in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage) Technical Report Series No. 282 (1985) NIH Publication No. 85-2538

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Dibromochloromethane is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. Collect for reclamation or absorb in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. /chloroform/

Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray to reduce vapors. For small spills, take up with absorbent material then flush area with water. For large spills, dike far ahead. /Chloroform/

/SRP: In laboratory setting only:/ Absorb on paper and evaporate on a glass dish in hood. Burn the paper. Purify /liquids/ by distillation, then return to supplier. /Chloroform/

Oxidation processes are responsible for the removal of organic compounds and precursors of trihalomethanes. Substitution reactions are the source of chlorine incorporation into the organic matter. Disinfectants differ in their abilities to carry out oxidation and substitution reactions, but studies show that chloramines also add chlorine to organic materials by substitution. Before a decision is made to change disinfectants, operating parameters and chemical functions must be taken into account to achieve the best quality drinking water.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Chloroform is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel; care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene; an acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. /Chloroform/

Potential candidate for liquid injection incineration, with a temperature range of 650 to 1600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds; for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature of of 820 to 1600 °C and a residence time of seconds for liquids and gases, hours for solids; and for fluidized bed incineration, with a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and a residence time of seconds for liquids and gases, longer for solids. /Chloroform/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for bromochloromethane: Concentration process: Stripping. /Bromochloromethane/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Skin that becomes wet with liquid chloroform should be promptly washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any chloroform. Employees who handle chloroform should wash their hands thoroughly with soap and mild detergent and water before eating, or smoking. /Chloroform/

Where there is any possibility that employees' eyes may be exposed to chloroform, an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use. /Chloroform/

Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible level. However, there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure. Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. In addition to respirator selection, a complete respiratory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation. /Chloroform/

Clothing wet with liquid chloroform should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of chloroform from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the chloroform, the person preforming the operation should be informed of chloroform's hazardous properties. /Chloroform/

Non-impervious clothing which becomes wet with liquid chloroform should be removed promptly and not worn until the chloroform is removed ... /Chloroform/

1.1 [mg/m3]

12 [mg/m3]

73 [mg/m3]

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves.

When handling /chloroform/, use safety glasses, self-contained breathing apparatus, protective clothing. Note: PVC and rubber are unsuitable materials for protective clothing. /Chloroform/

Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: Respirator Class(es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure-mode. Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Chloroform/

Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus. /Chloroform/

Chlorodibromomethane was identified in one of 12 human milk samples collected from volunteers from four USA cities (Bridgeville, PA; Bayonne, NJ; Jersey City, NJ; and Baton Rouge, LA) (1). Chlorodibromomethane was not detected in any sample from the USEPA National Human Adipose Tissue Survey for fiscal year 1982(2). 12% of 1035 blood samples tested positive for chlorodibromomethane exposure in a non-occupationally exposed U.S. population(3).

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Exposure to dibromochloromethane leads to central nervous system depression, which is probably the chief cause of death in acute exposures. Some studies in animals indicate that exposure to high doses of dibromochloromethane may also lead to liver and the kidney injury within a short period of time. (L1173)

LC50 Brachydanio rerio (zebra danio) 250 mg/L/30 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50 Cyprinus carpio (Common carp, embryos) 53 mg/L/8 hr; renewal

EC50 Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ciliate; decreased proliferation) 65 mg/L/24 hr; static, 30 °C

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 84(2), indicates that chlorodibromomethane is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of chlorodibromomethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 7.83X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(3). Chlorodibromomethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 5.5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Chlorodibromomethane is resistant to aerobic biodegradation(5), but degrades anaerobically within 2(6) to 8 weeks(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 84(2), indicates that chlorodibromomethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 7.83X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.6 hrs and 6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 9(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.16(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Volatilization of chlorodibromomethane is the dominant removal mechanism from environmental surface waters(SRC). The volatilization half-life from rivers and streams has been estimated to range from 43 min to 16.6 days with a typical half-life being 46 hours(8). Chlorodibromomethane is resistant to aerobic biodegradation(9), but degrades anaerobically within 2(10) to 8 weeks(11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chlorodibromomethane, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 5.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chlorodibromomethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 280 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.8X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Direct photolysis does not occur below the ozone layer(4).

An analysis of 12 samples of various German milk products (ice cream, yogurt, curds, buttermilk) found chlorodibromomethane levels ranging from not detectable to 0.3 ug/kg with an overall mean concentration of 0.1 ug/kg(1). Chlorodibromomethane concentrations in food samples ranged from not detected to 0.6 ppb for 24 hour duplicate portion diet in Japanese housewives(2).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Dibromochloromethane is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

(AZ) ARIZONA 0.19 ug/l

(MN) MINNESOTA 10 ug/l

(WI) WISCONSIN 60 ug/l

(ME) MAINE 4.0 ug/l

Trihalomethanes were metabolized to carbon monoxide by rat liver microsomal fraction requiring both NADPH and molecular oxygen for max activity. /Trihalomethanes/

Haloforms are metabolized to carbon monoxide by hepatic mixed function oxidases and this reaction is markedly stimulated by sulfhydryl compounds. Max stimulation occurred at 0.5 mmolar glutathione. A mechanism for conversion of haloforms to carbon monoxide is proposed. /Haloforms/

Administration of haloforms (trihalomethanes) to rats led to substantial elevations in blood carbon monoxide levels. Na-phenobarbital treatment increased blood carbon monoxide levels. SKF 525-A significantly inhibited in vivo metabolism. The in vivo metabolism followed the halide order; thus, administered of triiodomethane yielded the highest blood carbon monoxide levels, whereas trichloromethane yielded the lowest levels. /Haloforms/

(14)C-Chlorodibromomethane at 0.48 mmol/kg (16 uCi/kg; 100 mg/kg bw) administered orally in corn oil to rats by gavage was absorbed and eliminated in the expired air as bromodichloromethane (48% of dose) or as (14)C-carbon dioxide (18% of dose) in 8 hr; radiolabel amounting to about 1% of the dose was eliminated in the urine, and about 1% of the dose was retained in body tissues. (14)C-Chlorodibromomethane (0.72 mmol/kg; (32)Ci/kg; 150 mg/kg bw) administered similarly to mice was absorbed and eliminated in the expired air as unchanged chlorodibromomethane (12% of dose) or as (14)C-carbon dioxide (72% of dose) in 8 hr; about 2% of the administered radiolabel was eliminated in the urine, and 5% was retained in body tissues. Chlorodibromomethane is metabolized to carbon monoxide in vivo and in vitro.

In humans and laboratory animals, dibromochloromethane (and bromoform) are generally absorbed quickly. Dibromochloromethane (and bromoform) are thought to be metabolized by at least two route-independent pathways: oxidation by cytochrome P-450 mixed function oxidase system and conjugation via glutathione S-transferase. After ingestion, excretion occurs primarily by exhalation of the compound or of CO2. (L1173)

The blood/gas partition coefficient (at 37 °C) of chlorodibromomethane in rats was 116, which predicts that it will be readily absorbed by inhalation.

A study was performed to determine the absorption, distribution and excretion characteristics of dibromochloromethane in mice and rats. The total radioactivity for sampled organs ranged from 3 to 6% of the total dose in the rats versus 5 to 14% for the mice. The stomach (without contents), nonperfused liver, and kidneys in both rodent species were the organs of highest residual radioactivity levels. In both species the urine contained less than 5% of total radiolabel at 8 hr post-intubation and less than 10% of the total radiolabel at 36 to 48 hr. The majority of dibromochloromethane in both rats and mice was eliminated through the lungs in the expired air within 8 hr. Dibromochloromethane exhibits limited metabolic activation, which was shown by recovery of a higher percentage of the dose as parent compound.

Used to make other organic chemicals (fire extinguishing agents, aerosol propellants, refrigerants, and pesticides); [HSDB]

Chemical reagent/intermediate in organic synthesis.

Chlorodibromomethane has been used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of fire extinguishing agents, aerosol propellants, refrigerants and pesticides. It is also used for the preparation of phenyldibromochloromethylmercury, which has been used for the generation of bromochlorocarbene.

Dibromochloromethane exposition occurs by drinking water that has been treated with chlorine, at a swimming pool, by breathing bromoform or dibromochloromethane that has evaporated into the air, or by uptake from the water through the skin. Neither dibromochloromethane nor bromoform are likely to be found in food. (L1173)

(1976) Not produced commercially in USA

(1978) Not produced commercially in USA

Methane, dibromochloro-: ACTIVE

Trihalomethane contaminant found in chlorinated water.