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テトラクロロエチレン
テトラクロロエチレン (1mg/mlメタノール溶液) [水質分析用] · ペルクロロエチレン · 四塩化エチレン · 1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエテン · ネマ · アンキロスチン · テトラクロロエテン · パークレン
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 127-18-4 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | C2Cl4 |
| 平均分子量 | 165.8 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 163.87541072 g/mol |
| SMILES | ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl |
| InChIKey | CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 31373 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL114062 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:17300 |
| EC No. | 204-825-9 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID2021319 |
| 現地名 | テトラクロロエチレン |
化学・物理的性質
| XLogP | 3.4 |
|---|---|
| 極性表面積 | 0 |
| 水素結合供与体数 | 0 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 0 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 0 |
| 重原子数 | 6 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 55.6 |
| 物質分類 | Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Urban Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) - EPA specified greatest potential health threat in urban areasCarcinogensVolatile Organic Compound (VOC) and(or) Waste-water effluent contaminant |
| Solvents | Solvents -> Chlorinated Aliphatics |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Moessbauer quadrupole effect |
| 農薬 | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| LogP（分配係数） | log Kow = 3.40 |
| 臭い | Ether-like odorMild, chloroform-like odorChlorinated solvent odorクロロホルム様の臭い |
| 密度 | 1.63 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink1.6230 g/cu cm at 20 °CDensity (at 20 °C): 1.62 g/cm³Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.091.623 @ 20°C1.623 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Viscosity | Liquid (cP): 0.932 at 15 °C0.839 at 25 °C0.657 at 50 °C0.534 at 75 °C. Vapor: 9900 cP at 60 °C |
| Color/Form | Colorless liquid |
| 溶解度 | less than 0.1 mg/mL at 63 °F (NTP, 1992)In water, 206 mg/L at 25 °CInsoluble in waterMiscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzeneMiscible with ethanol, ethyl ether, benzeneMiscible with solvent hexanedissolves in most of the fixed and volatile oils水：可溶0.15g/L at 25℃アルコール、エーテル、クロロホルム、ベンゼン、ヘキサンと混和します。水とわずかに混和する。 |
| Corrosivity | Corrosion of aluminum, iron, and zinc, which is negligible unless water is present, can be inhibited by the addition of stabilizers |
| 引火点 | No flash point in conventional closed tester.120-121°C |
| 融点 | -22 °C (lit.) |
| 沸点 | 121 °C (lit.) |
| 蒸気密度 | 5.83 (vs air) |
| 蒸気圧 | 13 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| 屈折率 | n20/D 1.505(lit.) |
| 貯蔵条件 | Store at +2°C to +25°C. |
| 外観・状態 | 液体 |
| 色 | APHA: ≤10 |
| 臭気閾値 | 0.77ppm |
| 凝固点 | -22.0℃ |
| 比熱容量 | Cp(liquid): 0.86 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,9190 |
| BRN | 1361721 |
| ヘンリー定数 | 4.97 at 1.8 °C, 15.5 at 21.6 °C, 34.2 at 40.0 °C, 47.0 at 50 °C, 68.9 at 60 °C, 117.0 at 70 °C (EPICS-GC, Shimotori and Arnold, 2003) |
| 誘電率 | 2.5(21℃) |
| 安定性 | 安定。強酸化剤、アルカリ金属、アルミニウム、強塩基とは相容れない。 |
| InChI | 1S/C2Cl4/c3-1(4)2(5)6 |
| InChIKey | CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | Cl\C(Cl)=C(\Cl)Cl |
| LogP（分配係数） | 2.53 at 20℃ |
| CAS データベース | 127-18-4(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NISTの化学物質情報 | Tetrachloroethylene(127-18-4) |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | Tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) |
| ECETOC JACC REPORT | Tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) |
化学的特性
Tetrachloroethylene is a clear, colorless, nonflammable liquid with a characteristic odor. The odor is noticeable @ 47 ppm, though after a short period it may become inconspicuous, thereby becoming an unreliable warning signal. The Odor Threshold is variously given as 5 ppm to 6.17 (3M).
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | WarningH351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]P203, P273, P280, P318, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H315 (46.7%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| 規制情報 | Chemical: Ethene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityCardiovascular ToxicityHepatotoxicity and Digestive System ToxicityNephrotoxicity and Other Toxicity to the Urinary SystemNeurotoxicityOcular ToxicityRespiratory ToxicityEthene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Ethene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 14-12-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14303Ethene, tetrachloro-, (perchloroethylene): HSNO Approval: HSR001551 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| その他の安全情報 | PEC / SN / Other assessments - Tetrachloroethylene: Health and Environment |
| 輸送ラベル（DOT） | Poison |
| 火災危険 | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic, irritating gases may be generated in fires. (USCG, 1999)· Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily.Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with metals. See Chemical Dangers. |
| 火災の可能性 | Nonflammable liquid. |
| 健康有害性 | Vapor can affect central nervous system and cause anesthesia. Liquid may irritate skin after prolonged contact. May irritate eyes but causes no injury. (USCG, 1999)· Toxic by ingestion. |
| 有害性の概要 | Tetrachloroethylene is a manufactured chemical that is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metal-degreasing. It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products.Perchloroethylene can induce anesthesia. Liver and kidney injury have been reported after accidental exposures to high concentrations. [ACGIH] Tetrachloroethylene causes trivial hepatotoxicity, unless exposure is very heavy or agent ingested. [Zimmerman, p. 333] Perchloroethylene causes skeletal abnormalities in high-dose reproductive studies of mice. Increased spontaneous abortion rates were found in occupationally exposed women in Finland but not in other countries studied (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden). [Frazier, p. 182-3] Perchloroethylene is in the list of Some volatile substances which may be abused by inhalation published on the web site of the U.N. International Drug Control Programme, indicating its potential to cause narcosis in workers. [Flanagan et al. Volatile Substance Abuse] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritantMay cause kidney and liver injuryInhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression[ICSC] In conclusion, this historically prospective cohort study of dry-cleaners and laundry workers showed no clear association between occupational exposure to PER [perchloroethylene] and subsequent incidence of cancer, adding weight to the part of the available epidemiological evidence that suggests absence of such an association. [PMID 20886350]The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of tetrachloroethylene stem from its toxicologic properties. Exposure to this colorless liquid may occur from its use as a solvent and as an intermediate in chemical syntheses. In addition to eye and skin inflammation from contacting liquid tetrachloroethylene, inhalation of its vapor can cause central nervous system depression, liver necrosis, and effects on the lung, heart, and kidney. Tetrachloroethylene's sweet chloroform-like odor may warn of its presence at a sub-TLV level of 4.68 ppmhowever,the distinctive odor of tetrachloroethylene does not necessarily provide adequate warning. Because tetrachloroethylene quickly desensitizes olfactory responses, persons can suffer exposure to vapor concentrations in excess of TLV limits without smelling it. To assure against exposure, it is recommended that self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing be worn, especially in fire or spill situations. Although considered nonflammable, containers of tetrachloroethylene may explode in the heat of a fire and its vapor will decompose in contact with open flames or red-heated materials to yield the poisonous gas, phosgene. For small fires involving tetrachloroethylene, extinguish with dry chemical or CO2, and for large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. Cool containers with water. If the fire involves a tank car or truck, isolate the area for 1/2 mile in all directions. Tetrachloroethylene should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location, away from strong oxidizers, potential fire hazards, caustic soda, potash, and chemically active metals such as barium, lithium, and beryllium. For small spills of tetrachloroethylene, ventilate the area then take up with vermiculite, dry sand, or earth. Large spills should be diked for later disposal. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residues (including waste sludge), consult environmental regulatory agencies for guidance. |
| 輸送番号・ガイド（DOT） | 1897 160 |
| FDA 要件 | Perchloroethylene is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.The following substances may be safely used as adjuvants in the manufacture of foamed plastics intended for use in contact with food, subject to any prescribed limitations: 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene. Limitation: For use only as a blowing agent adjuvant in polystyrene at a level not to exceed 0.3 percent by weight of finished foamed polystyrene intended for use in contact with food only of the types identified in section 176.170(c) of this chapter, table 1, under Categories I, II, VI, and VIII. |
| 反応性グループ | Halogenated Organic Compounds |
| EC 分類 | Symbol: Xn, NR: 40-51/53S: (2)-23-36/37-61 |
| UN 分類 | UN Hazard Class: 6.1UN Pack Group: III |
| 消火 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 160 [Halogenated Solvents]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. |
| 応急処置措置 | Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention. |
| 漏出応急措置 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| 応急処置 | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
| 安全保管 | Separated from metals, ignition sources and food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Keep in the dark. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Dry. Cool. |
| Firefighting Hazards | Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. |
| 暴露管理・個人防護 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Tetrachlorethylene in end-exhaled air = 3 ppmTetrachloroethylene in blood = 0.5 mg/Lsample prior to shift10.0 [ppm] |
| 消火手順 | Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty).If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. ... The only respirators recommended for firefighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.Approach from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Use flooding quantities of water as fog or spray. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire. |
| 保管条件 | Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.Store in a secure poison location. Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045. Tetrachloroethylene must be stored to avoid contact with strong oxidizers, such as chlorine, bromine, and chlorine dioxidechemically active metals, such as barium, lithium, and berylliumand nitric acid, since violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat.Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from active metals. Isolate from open flames and combustibles.It is stored in mild steel tanks equipped with breathing vents & chemical driers. It can be transferred through seamless black iron pipes, with gasketing materials of compressed asbestos, asbestos reinforced with metal, or asbestos impregnated with Teflon or Viton, employing centrifugal or positive displacement pumps of cast iron or steel construction. Small quantities ... may be stored safely in green or amber glass containers.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/ |
| 清掃方法 | ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance and complete protective clothing. Ventilation. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sandearth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the buildup of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/Approach release from upwind. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal. |
| 非火災時の漏出対応 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 160 [Halogenated Solvents]: |
| 処分方法 | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D039, U210, and F002, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubberContaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. Alternatively, PCE may be recovered from waste gases and reused.For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Tetrachloroethylene (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 毒性学的情報 | CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile |
| 体内負荷 | Tetrachloroethylene was detected in 7 of 8 samples in mother's milk from 4 urban areas in the US(1). One hour after a visit to a dry cleaning plant, one sample of mother's milk contained 10 ppm tetrachloroethylene, this decreased to 3 ppm after 24 hr(2). Tetrachloroethylene was detected in 250 (121 males, 129 females) whole blood samples collected in a US survey at 0.7-23 ppb, 2.4 ppb average(3). The geometric mean concentration in 43 blood samples from children living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged area of Minneapolis was 0.04 ng/L, in a study conducted from Jan-Apr 2002(4). In a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted 1999 to 2000, tetrachloroethylene was detected in 77.3% of 276 blood samples at 0.014-4.900 ng/mL (median 0.043 ng/mL)(5). In a US fiscal year 1982 National Human Adipose Tissue Survey, tetrachloroethylene was detected in 61% of 46 composites at 3-94 ppb, wet tissue concentration(6). Tetrachloroethylene was detected in human body fat (8 subjects) at 0.4-29.2 ppb and various other human organs at <6 ng/g(7).Tetrachloroethylene was detected in expired breath, urine and blood from 9 individuals living in Love Canal, NY collected Jul 1978 at 600-4500 ng/cu m, 120-690 ng/L and 0.35-260 ng/mL, respectively(1). The mean concentration of tetrachloroethylene in alveolar air in 136 residents living near 12 dry-cleaning stores were: living equal to or <5 floors above the stores 5 mg/cu m, adjacent houses 1 mg/cu m, one house away 0.2 mg/cu m, across street <0.1 mg/cu m, whereas the mean concentration in 18 workers from these stores was 73 mg/cu m(2). Breath samples collected 1981 from 295-339 residents of Elizabeth and Bayonne, NJ, contained tetrachloroethylene in 93% of the samples with an average, median and maximum concentration of 13.0, 6.8 and 280 ug/cu m (weighted statistics), respectively(3). Alveolar air in children and teachers in school situated near a factory were 24 ug/cu m average for children, and 11 and 47 ug/cu m for the teachers(4). The mean concentration of tetrachloroethylene in the classroom was 13 ug/cu m(4). Alveolar air of residents of a nursing home situated near a former chemical waste dump averaged 7.8 ug/cu m first floor and 1.8 ug/cu m on the second floor, where ambient concentrations averaged 8.2 and 1.6 ug/cu m, respectively(4).Whole blood, USA survey of 250 (121 males, 129 females), 0.7-23 ppb, 2.4 ppb avg(1). The geometric mean concentration in 43 blood samples from children living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged area of Minneapolis was 0.04 ng/L, in a study conducted from January through April 2002(2). USA FY82 National Human Adipose Tissue Survey specimens, 46 composites, 61% pos (>3 ppb, wet tissue concentration), 94 ppb max(3). Tetrachloroethylene was detected in human body fat (8 subjects) 0.4-29.2 ppb and various human organs less than 6 ng/g(4).... Tetrachloroethylene ... in the blood and brain (4.4 mg/l00 mL and 36 mg/l00 g, respectively). /fatal/ |
| Treatment | Tetrachloroethylene has no known antidote, and exposure is usually treated symptomatically. (L116) |
| Cancer Sites | Hepatic[in animals: liver tumors] |
| 相互作用 | /The study objective was/ to evaluate the protective effect of ethanol extract of Mollugo nudicaulis (M. nudicaulis) against perchloroethylene-induced hepatotoxicity. The hepatoprotective activity of the ethanol extract of M. nudicaulis (200 mg/kg body wt) was studied in percholoroethylene (1000 mg/kg body wt) induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. The serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin and the liver content of SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GSH, vitamin C were assessed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the extract. The activity of the extract was compared with silymarin, a standard reference drug. In addition, serum urea, uric acid and creatinine levels were measured to evaluate the kidney function. The histopathological examination of the liver tissues was observed to support the biochemical parameters. The results revealed that the extract significantly (P<0.05) restored the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin and significantly (P<0.05) increased the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GSH, vitamin C in perchloroethylene-induced rats to its normalcy. The biochemical observations were supported by the histopathological studies of the liver tissues. The results led to the conclusion that M. nudicaulis possess hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities against perchloroethylene-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.... In a field experiment ... a 10-year-old Serbian spruce (Picea omorica) was continually exposed to trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene for 7 months. The effects observed included chlorosis, necrosis and premature loss, particularly on the sun-exposed faces of the needles. Along several of the sun-exposed twigs, a total loss of chlorophyll was observed. The damage intensified after periods of clear, sunny days. The same toxic effects were observed on the sun-exposed leaves of a hornbeam shrub (Carpinus betulus) located about 2 m downwind from the spruce tree. Concentrations of trichloroethylene among the branches of the spruce ranged from 2.7 to 10.8 mg/cu m (mean = 4.6 mg/cu m) during the study. Concentrations of tetrachloroethylene ranged from 3.4 to 13.7 mg/cu m (mean = 11.8 mg/cu m). /It was also/ demonstrated that exposure to similar concentrations of trichloroethylene or tetrachloroethylene, in combination with visible/ultraviolet radiation, in the laboratory caused a similar degree of depression in photosynthetic pigments in Norway spruce needles (Picea abies).Intubation of rats with mixtures of benzene and tetrachloroethylene yielded a combined toxicity which was only slightly less than additive. Mixtures of toluene with tetrachloroethylene resulted in LD50 values of less than than predicted for simple additivity, indicating synergistic effects.There is evidence of hepatotoxic effects caused by Perchloroethylene (PCE), presumably due to reactive metabolic intermediateslipid peroxidation is under study as a potential mechanism of toxicity. /This study sought/ to verify if PCE levels comparable to those reached in the blood of exposed subjects can cause cell damage and lipid peroxidation. The association of PCE with lipid peroxidation inducing drugs (cyclosporine A, valproic acid and amiodarone) was also tested on rat isolated hepatocytes. AST and LDH release, MTT test and lipid peroxidation assay showed that PCE determines dose-dependent effects on rat isolated hepatocytes. The toxic potential resulting from /the/ data would be valproic acid < cyclosporine A < amiodarone. While valproic acid and cyclosporine caused a mild toxicity, the effects of amiodarone were more severein particular, the association of PCE with amiodarone showed a clear additive effect. The role of lipid peroxidation in the liver toxicity exerted by the tested compounds was confirmed by /the/ data, and resulted relevant after treatment of cells with amiodarone and PCE. Extrapolating these results to human, /it is suggested/ that a subject professionally exposed to PCE, who chronically assumes a lipid peroxidation inducing drug like amiodarone, may be potentially exposed to a higher risk of liver toxicity. |
| 標的器官 | Cancer, Hepatic (Liver), Neurological (Nervous System), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys)Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys, central nervous system |
| 健康影響 | Tetrachloroethylene is a central nervous system depressant. It is also known to cause liver and kidney damage, and is a probably carcinogen. (L116) |
| 生態毒性値 | LC50Species: Limanda limanda (dab)Conditions: flow-through bioassayConcentration: 5 mg/L for 96 hrSpecies: Tanytarsus dissimilis (midge)Conditions: static bioassayConcentration: 30,840 ug/L for 48 hrSpecies: Jordanella floridae (American flagfish)Concentration: 8.4 mg/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/Species: Daphnia magna (water flea)Conditions: static bioassay, 22 °CConcentration: 18 mg/L for 48 hrFor more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Tetrachloroethylene (26 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 環境中動態 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values in the range of 200-237(2-4) indicate that tetrachloroethylene is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tetrachloroethylene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 0.0177 atm-cu m/mole(5). Tetrachloroethylene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on a vapor pressure of 18.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(6). Volatilization half-lives in the range of 1.2-5.4 hrs were measured for tetrachloroethylene from a sandy loam soil surface and volatilization half-lives of 1.9-5.2 hrs were measured from an organic topsoil(7). Using soil microcosms (60% municipal solid, 40% bulk, industrial, and sewage treatment sludge), tetrachloroethylene, present at 5 ug/L, exhibited no degradation when incubated at 20 °C(8) indicating that biodegradation is not a fast environmental fate process in soil(SRC). There is evidence that slow biodegradation of tetrachloroethylene occurs under anaerobic conditions when the microorganisms have been acclimated, yielding trichloroethylene as a product(9,10).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values of 200-237(2-4), indicate that tetrachloroethylene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(5) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.0177 atm-cu m/mole(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(5), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). Measured hydrolysis half-lives of 9 months to 3.34X10+11 years indicate hydrolysis is not an environmentally relevant process(7). According to a classification scheme(8), BCFs of 26-115(7, 9-11) measured in fish, suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to high. Tetrachloroethylene may undergo indirect photolysis in natural waters when photosensitizers such as humic acids are present(12). This process is only expected to be important in sunlit surface waters containing humic material. The biodegradation half-lives of tetrachloroethylene in aerobic and anaerobic waters were reported as 180 and 98 days, respectively(13). In anaerobic microcosms established with surface sediments from tidal flats, tetrachloroethylene dechlorination began within 10 days and was 100% converted to trichloroethylene in 37 days(14).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tetrachloroethylene, which has a vapor pressure of 18.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tetrachloroethylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 96 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.67X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Tetrachloroethylene may also be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone, but the rate of this reaction is too slow to be environmentally important(4). Direct photolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since tetrachloroethylene only absorbs light weakly in the environmental UV spectrum(5). |
| 食品調査値 | Tetrachloroethylene was detected in Chinese style sauce (2 ppb), quince jelly (2.2 ppb), crab apple jelly (2.5 ppb), grape jelly (1.6 ppb) and chocolate sauce (3.6 ppb)(1). In various food from England, tetrachloroethylene was not detected (detection limit 0.01 ug/kg) in hen eggs, light ale, canned orange juice, wine and grapesit was detected in fresh milk, Cheshire cheese, English butter, beef, pig liver, margarine, olive oil, cod liver oil, vegetable cooking oil, castor oil, canned fruit drink, instant coffee, tea, potatoes, apples, pears, tomatoes and fresh bread at concentrations of 0.01-13 ug/kg(2). Tetrachloroethylene was detected in 2 of 10 wheat samples at 1.8 and 2.1 ppb and 2 corn samples at 0.45 and 0.54 ppb(3). Tetrachloroethylene was detected in butter and margarine at concentrations of 0.7-18 ug/kg and peanut butter at concentrations of 0.6-9.7 ug/kg(4).Tetrachloroethylene occurrence following analysis of 70 foods over a 5 year period from 1996-2000 as part of the US Total Diet Program(1). [Table#374] |
| 有害作用 | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome |
| 暴露経路 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, by ingestion and through the skin.inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactOral (L116)inhalation (L116)dermal (L116) |
| RCRA 要件 | D039A solid waste containing tetrachloroethylene may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.U210As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when tetrachloroethylene, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).F002When tetrachloroethylene is a spent halogenated solvent, it is classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source (F002), as stated in 40 CFR 261.31, and must be managed according to state and/or federal hazardous waste regulations. |
| TSCA 要件 | Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Tetrachloroethylene is included on this list. Effective date 6/1/87Sunset date: 6/1/97. |
| FIFRA 要件 | As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Tetrachloroethylene is found on List C. Case No: 3109Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered. Therefore, we are characterizing the case as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.Active ingredient (AI): tetrachloroethyleneAI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products ... "cancelled.". |
| 大気基準 | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Perchloroethylene is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Tetrachloroethylene is included on this list. |
| CERCLA 報告数量 | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b). |
| 清浄水法要件 | Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. |
| State Drinking Water Standards | (DE) DELAWARE 1 ug/L(FL) FLORIDA 3 ug/L(NJ) NEW JERSEY 1 ug/L |
| 州飲料水ガイドライン | (AZ) ARIZONA 0.67 ug/L(CT) CONNECTICUT 5 ug/L(ME) MAINE 7 ug/L(MN) MINNESOTA 5 ug/L |
| Federal Drinking Water Standards | Maximum contaminant levels (MCL) for organic contaminants apply to community and non-transient, non-community water systems: Tetrachloroethylene, MCL 0.005 mg/L.EPA 5 ug/L |
| 連邦飲料水ガイドライン | The maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) for the following organic contaminant is zero mg/L: tetrachloroethylene. |
| 水環境危害等級（WGK） | 3 |
| 生命健康即時危険濃度 | 150 ppm |
| TSCA 収載状態 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 番号 | KX3850000 |
| 輸送番号（UN） | UN 1897 |
| 毒性 | LD50 orally in mice: 8.85 g/kg (Dybing)LC for mice in air: 5925 ppm (Lazarew) |
| PRTR法 | 第1種指定化学物質 |
| 税関コード | 29032300 |
| 危険文句（R） | 40-51/53-23/25-11-39/23/24/25-23/24/25 |
| 化審法 | 第2種特定化学物質 |
| 安衛法 | 有機溶剤中毒予防規則:第2種有機溶剤,57,57-2 |
| 消防法 | 危-4-AL-S-II |
| 危険表示 | Xn,N,T,F |
| 安全措置（S） | 23-36/37-61-45-24-16-7 |
| 危険等級 | 6.1Aquatic Chronic 2Carc. 2Eye Irrit. 2Skin Irrit. 2Skin Sens. 1STOT SE 3 |
| 包装等級 | III |
| 特定化学物質 | 特38-328 |
| 自然発火温度 | 260℃ |
| 環境リスク評価 | テトラクロロエチレン(127-18-4) |
| 貯蔵分類 | 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
| 有害物質データ | 127-18-4(Hazardous Substances Data) |
用途
解説
テトラクロロエチレンは有機塩素系溶剤の一種。俗称として「パークレン」とも呼ばれる。無色透明の液体でエーテル様の臭いを有し、揮発性、不燃性、水に難溶。工業的には、ペンタクロロエタンを高温で脱塩化水素するか、1,2-ジクロロエタン（塩化エチレン）を高温でオキシ塩素化し副生するトリクロロエチレンと分けるか、C1～C3炭化水素を高温で塩素化し副生する四塩化炭素（テトラクロロメタン）と分けるかして製造する。ドライクリーニング溶剤、金属脱脂剤、一般溶媒、エタン系フロン合成原料として用いられているが、有害物質に指定され、厳しい法的規制が実施されているため、徐々に使われなくなっている。不燃性である。皮膚に対しても脱脂作用があり皮膚炎を招く。蒸気は有害である。
用途
上水等の試験における溶媒抽出GC分析の標準液。
用途
ドライクリーニング用、金属の脱脂洗浄および乾燥剤、一般溶剤、抽出剤、駆虫剤、トリクロロ酢酸の製造原料。
用途
溶剤(医薬品、香料等)、有機合成原料。
用途
溶剤、フロンガス製造原料、ドライクリーニング溶剤。
説明
Perchloroethylene (Tetrachloroethylene) is a colourless liquid with a slightly ethereal odour. It is marginally soluble in water and soluble in most organic solvents.Perchloroethylene has a limited number of uses and applications. It is used as intermediate, as dry cleaning agent in the industrial and professional sector, as surface cleaning agent in industrial settings, as heat transfer medium in industrial settings, and in film cleaning and copying by professionals. It is also used as a chemical intermediate in the production of fluorinated compounds and in industrial surface cleaning metal degreasing. Occupational exposure to perchloroethylene is possible in the manufacturing facilities or the industrial facilities where it is used as an intermediate.
使用
Tetrachloroethylene is used as a solvent, indrycleaning, and in metal degreasing.Tetrachloroethylene is a common industrial solvent that is often found as a contaminant in groundwater. Tetrachloroethylene is also a suspected carcinogen to humans and is difficult to degrade biologically as it has no natural source. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).
使用用途
テトラクロルエチレンの主な用途は、溶媒としての使用です。ほとんどの有機化合物を溶かすことができ、油を落とすような作用があるため、ドライクリーニングや自動車の部品など金属製工業製品の洗浄に使用されることが多いです。映画フィルムの洗浄などにも使われます。他に、HCFC-134aなどの冷媒を製造する際の中間体としても使用されています。 テトラクロルエチレンは、さまざまな場所で使用されていますが、土壌汚染の危険性があります。地下水を汚染する場合もあるため、工場などでは、廃液などの取り扱いにも注意が必要です。
製法・合成法
調製方法
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was first prepared in 1821 and commercial production in the United States began in 1925. Several commercial grades are available that differ in the amount and type of added stabilizers (e.g., amines, phenols, and epoxides).The industrial processes for production of tetrachloroethylene include threetechnical routes: (1) chlorination of trichloroethylene and followed by dehydrochlorination.(2) oxychlorination of ethylene.(3) chlorination andpyrolysis of light hydrocarbon.In China, the chlorination of trichloroethylene and dehydrochlorination process is mainly used for production of tetrachloroethylene, while the other two processes are widely used in other countries.