3,3',4,4'-テトラクロロ[1,1'-ビフェニル]

log Kow= 6.72

6.04

156.4 Ų [M]+ [CCS Type: TIMS, Method: calibration with PAHs]

152.09 Ų [M]+ [CCS Type: TW; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: GC-APCI+]

Warning

H373 (100%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P273, P319, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 50 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity; Dermatotoxicity; Developmental Toxicity; Endocrine Toxicity; Environmental tox; Hematotoxicity; Hepatotoxicity and Digestive System Toxicity; Reproductive Toxicity; Respiratory Toxicity

Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)

Substance: 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloro-1,1'-biphenyl

Emergency medical treatment: see PCB-PBB; A skin and eye irritant; Evidence of reproductive and developmental toxicity; Effects in feeding study with Rhesus monkeys at 0.3-3.0 ppm include chloracne, sebaceous gland atrophy, involution of the thymus, and hyperplasia of gastric mucosa; [HSDB] See Chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine). See Polychlorinated biphenyls and linked occupational disease.

ALVARES AP ET AL; NATL RES COUNC CAN, (REP) NRCC/CNRC 18978, WORKSHOP COMB EFF XENOBIOTICS, 127-49 (1982). REVIEW ON ENZYME INDUCTIVE PROPERTIES OF PCBS. /POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS/

TSCA CHIPs present a preliminary assessment of polychlorinated biphenyl's potential for injury to human health & the environment (available at EPA's TSCA Assistance Office: (202) 554-1404 or (800) 424-9065) /Polychlorinated biphenyls/

NIOSH considers chlorodiphenyl containing 54% chlorine to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Aroclor 1254/

NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concn. /Aroclor 1254/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.001 mg/cu m. /Aroclor 1254/

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

UN 2315; Polychlorinated biphenyls, liquid or solid

IMO 9.0; Polychlorinated biphenyls, liquid or solid

... Dry sand or earth should be spread on the leak, or spill area. ...

Survey reports six case histories employing EPA's hazardous materials spills treatment trailer are reviewed. The trailer's ... treatment system has three mixed-media filters and three activated carbon columns to remove suspended, precipitated, and organic soluble materials. Spills of PCB, pentachlorophenol, kepone, termide (chlordane), heptachlor, aldrin, and dieldrin, toxaphene, and dinitrobutylphenol were treated by the EPA trailer, which was generally successful in mitigating environmental effects by filtering and carbon-adsorption. 90% removal was achieved for 21 of 23 compounds.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

EXPERIMENTS ON THE COMBUSTION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB) IN 1 M-LONG TUBE FURNACE INDICATED THAT PCB CONTAINING APPROX 40% CL IS DESTROYED WITHIN 3-4 MIN AT 900-1000 °C USING 100% EXCESS AIR. TEMPERATURES GREATER THAN 1000 °C ARE REQUIRED TO DESTROY PCB CONTAINING APPROX 60% CL & DISTILLATION RESIDUES ARISING FROM PCB MFR. DOMESTIC WASTE INCINERATORS OPERATING AT 800-900 °C ARE UNLIKELY TO PROVE SUITABLE FOR INCINERATING WASTE CONTAINING TRACE AMT OF PCB. PYROLYSIS EXPERIMENTS AT 900 °C WITH NOMINAL RESIDENCE TIME OF 3.5 SEC GAVE 40-60% RECOVERY OF CL AS HCL FROM PCB.

POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS CAN BE DESTROYED BY INCINERATION IF THE TRANSIT TIME IS LONG ENOUGH. DURING INCINERATION HEXACHLOROBENZENE IS FORMED; ITS RATE OF FORMATION INCR AT HIGH TEMP. IN ORDER FOR THE HEXACHLOROBENZENE TO BE DESTROYED, A TEMP OF 950 °C IS NEEDED. THIS RESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF A RESIDUE LESS THAN 100 MG OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE/KG. AT 800 °C & A TRANSIT TIME OF 2 SEC, A RESIDUE OF ABOUT 1200 MG/KG REMAINS. /POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS/

Investigations were conducted of new and emerging technologies for the disposal of hazardous wastes, ... including molten salt combustion, fluidized bed incineration, high energy electron treatment of trace organic compounds in aqueous solution, the catalyzed wet oxidation of toxic chemicals, dehalogenation of compounds by treatment with ultraviolet (UV) light and hydrogen, UV/chlorinolysis of organics in aqueous solution, the catalytic hydrogenation-dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and ultraviolet-ozone destruction. Theory, specific wastes treated, and economics are discussed. The major technologies investigated in detail were molten salt combustion, fluidized bed incineration, and ultraviolet/ozone destruction. Among wastes treated by emerging technologies are PCBs, various dioxins, pesticides and herbicides, chemical warfare agents, explosives and propellants, nitrobenzene, and hydrazine plus its derivatives.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/The worker/ should wear appropriate protective equipment and be connected by a lifeline harness to an outside worker.

Employees should wash their hands before eating, drinking, and smoking ... and refrain from such activities in the polluted rooms. ...

... Workers should be provided with suitable protective clothing: long-sleeved overalls, boots, overshoes, and bib-type aprons that cover the boot tops, /and/ gloves. ... Safety glasses with side shields ... for eye protection. Respirators should be used in areas with PCB vapors and during installation and repair of containers and emergency activities. ...

There are no specific treatments for PCB poisoning, since it is not usually recognized until after substantial chronic exposure. Only preventing further exposure and treating the observed symptoms can be done. Acute inhalation can be treated by administering oxygen. (L4)

PRETREATMENT OF RATS WITH 3,4,3'4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL (TCB) & 2,4,5,2'4'5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL PROTECTED RATS AGAINST BENZENE-INDUCED LYMPHOCYTOPENIA FOR AS LONG AS 7 DAYS, BUT NOT AFTER 10 DAYS OF REPEATED DOSING. IN RATS TREATED WITH TCB, DECREASING CONCN OF PRIMARY BENZENE METABOLITES BY INHIBITING HEPATIC METABOLISM OF BENZENE OR INCREASING HEPATIC CONJUGATION ACTIVITY WAS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR MODULATING TOXICITY.

PRETREATMENT WITH BENOXAPROFEN (0.2 MG) REDUCED MORTALITY & INCIDENCE OF PERICARDIAL EDEMA INDUCED BY THE INJECTION OF 3,3'4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL INTO CHICK EMBRYOS.

IN RATS TREATED WITH TCB, DECREASING CONCN OF PRIMARY BENZENE METABOLITES BY INHIBITING HEPATIC METABOLISM OF BENZENE OR INCREASING HEPATIC CONJUGATION ACTIVITY WAS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR MODULATING TOXICITY.

The amount of in vitro covalent bonding of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl to proteins by liver microsomes was increased markedly be pretreatment of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)-responsive C57BL/6N mice with either 3-methylcholanthrane or 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl itself, although these 2 inducers were not effective AHH-nonresponsive DBA/2N mice. ... To ascertain whether the active 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl metabolites play a role in causing thymic atrophy, (14)C - 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl was administered ip to C57BL/6N mice and the amt of covalent binding of radioactive metabolites to tissue proteins was determined. The in vivo binding was evident in the liver, particularly in the liver, particularly in the microsomal fraction, on the basis of protein content. In contrast, the thymic proteins contained no measurable amt of bound radioactivity even when the mice showed marked thymic atrophy. ...

For more Interactions (Complete) data for 3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The most common health effects of PCBs are skin conditions such as chloracne and rashes. Chronic PCB exposure has also been shown to cause liver, stomach and kidney, damage, jaundice, edema, anemia, changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. (L4)

The mechanism of action varies with the specific PCB. Dioxin-like PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts cell function by altering the transcription of genes, mainly be inducing the expression of hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes, especially of the cytochrome P450 family. Most of the toxic effects of PCBs are believed to be results of Ah receptor binding. Other PBCs are believed to interfere with calcium channels and/or change brain dopamine levels. PCBs can also cause endocrine disurption by altering the production of thyroid hormones and binding to estrogen receptors, which can stimulate the growth of certain cancer cells and produce other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. They will bioaccumulate by binding to receptor proteins such as uteroglobin. (A3, A4, A30, A66)

Medical records should be kept for the entire length of employment of each worker and for the following 30 yr. /Polychlorinated biphenyls/

... In a human population occupationally exposed /to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl/, an increase of urinary porphyrins has been noted, one of which is significantly linked with the rise of an enzymatic induction marker, urinary D-glucaric acid, but no correlation can be made with PCB blood level. The rise in urinary porphyrins seems to be an early rather specific reflection of the biological impact of PCB and can be used in the biological surveilance of exposed workers.

EFFECTS OF TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL ISOMERS ON OSMOTIC FRAGILITY & SHAPE OF ERYTHROCYTES WERE EXAMINED. LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF 2,3,2',3'-, 2,4,2',4'-, & 2,5,2',5'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL PROTECTED ERYTHROCYTES FROM HYPOTONIC HEMOLYSIS, BUT AT HIGH CONCENTRATIONS, THESE COMPOUNDS GREATLY PROMOTED HYPOTONIC HEMOLYSIS. 3,4,3'4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL DID NOT PROTECT ERYTHROCYTES FROM HYPOTONIC HEMOLYSIS NOR ALTERED CELL SHAPE.

Nursing /by women exposed to PCB's/ ... should be discouraged because of the high amount of PCB's excreted with milk. ...

Food and Environmental Agents: Reported Sign or Symptom in Infant or Effect on Lactation: Polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls: Lack of endurance, hypotonia, sullen, expressionless facies. /From Table 7/

/SRP 1988: THIS PCB FOUND IN AROCLORS 1242, 1248, 1254, AND 1260; CLOPHENS A40 AND 50; KANECHLORS 300, 400, 500, AND 600 COENTERS ... FROM MANUFACTURING PLANTS, DURING DESTRUCTION OF MANUFACTURED ARTICLES CONTAINING PCBS IN MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL WASTE-DISPOSAL BURNERS, THROUGH GRADUAL WEAR & WEATHERING OF PCB-CONTAINING PRODUCTS, & THROUGH LEACHING FROM LAND-FILL DUMPS. /POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS/

A study of bioconcentration factors of environmental chemicals and their relationship to their lipophilic character was conducted. A bioconcentration factor was defined as the ratio of the steady state concentration of a chemical in the tissue of an organism to its concentration in water, using aquatic organisms such as algae or fish. Existing experimental data and data bases were reviewed. These were used to calculate bioconcentration factors on a lipid and a wet weight basis for ... polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) /including 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl/. Lipophilicity of the compounds was assessed from published values of the n-octanol/water partition coefficients (Kow). ... Parabolic regression equations expressing logarithm bioconcentration factor lipid basis or logarithm bioconcentration factor wet weight basis in terms of logarithm Kow were obtained. ... The log Kows ranged from 5.81 to 8.78 for 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, and octachlorodibenzofuran, respectively. The corresponding bioconcentration factors lipid basis ranged from 591 to 6 and bioconcentration factors weight basis from 424 to 5. ...

RODENT STUDIES INDICATED THAT NONCOPLANAR PCB ISOMERS INDUCED CYTOCHROME P450, WHILE COPLANAR ISOMERS INDUCE CYTOCHROME P488.

3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL IS A 3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE-LIKE INDUCER OF CYTOCHROME P450-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASES.

Exposure of chick embryos in ovo to cytochrome p448 inducers 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and beta-napthoflavone, increased cardiac prostaglandins in vitro. The dose response relationships were biphasic with prostaglandin release increasing at the low doses and returning to basal levels at higher doses. Increased cardiac prostaglandin release was detected at doses that induced hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin deethylase but which were below the threshold for cardiac induction. The fall in prostaglandin release coincided with induction of cardiac 7-ethoxyresorufin deethylase and therefore may be attributable to increased prostaglandin metabolism.

BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE OF 31 DICHLORO- TO DECHLOROBIPHENYL CONGENERS WERE MONITORED FOR 105 DAYS IN ADULT RAINBOW TROUT THAT WERE EXPOSED TO A SINGLE ORAL DOSE. IN WHOLE FISH, HALF-LIFE INCR FROM 5 DAYS TO NO APPARENT ELIM AS THE NUMBER OF CHLORINES ON THE BIPHENYL INCR. THIS STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATION WAS NOT AS EVIDENT IN MUSCLE WHERE HALF-LIFE RANGED FROM LESS THAN 5 DAYS TO 127 DAYS. DECLINE IN MUSCLE PCB MAY BE RELATED TO THE DECR IN LIPID LEVELS & REDISTRIBUTION OF CONGENERS WITHIN THE FISH. FROM STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY ANALYSIS OF HALF-LIFE IN WHOLE FISH, ELIM IS ENHANCED FOR THOSE CONGENERS WITH LOWER CHLORINE CONTENT, WITH NO CHLORINE SUBSTITUTIONS IN THE ORTHO POSITIONS, & THOSE WITH 2 UNSUBSTITUTED CARBONS THAT ARE ADJACENT (VICINAL) ON THE BIPHENYL. A SIGNIFICANT DECLINE IN TOTAL PCB CONTENT IN WHOLE FISH, EQUIV TO HALF-LIFE OF 219 DAYS, WAS PARTLY DUE TO DECOMP OF THE PCB MIXTURE ADMIN, & SELECTIVE ELIM OF LOWER CHLORINATED BIPHENYLS.

Female NR mice were administered 1 mg/kg of 3,4,3',4'-HCB for 20 day in the diet. Whole body half-life was 0.9 days. /From table/

PREDOMINANT ROUTE OF PCB METABOLISM IS HYDROXYLATION. SOME CHLOROBIPHENYLS MAY BE HYDROXYLATED VIA ARENE OXIDE INTERMEDIATES. IN THE RAT 3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL IS HYDROXYLATED TO THE 2- & 5-HYDROXYLATED DERIVATIVE AND 3- & 5-HYDROXYLATED DERIVATIVE.

25 MG OF 3,3'4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL (TCB) IN SOYBEAN OIL WAS ADMIN ORALLY TO RATS EVERY 3RD DAY FOR 9 DAYS, AFTER 12 DAYS ONLY THE CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF FECES CONTAINED UNCHANGED TCB OR 3 TCB METABOLITES. THE MAJOR METABOLITE WAS EITHER 2-HYDROXY-3,3'4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL OR 5-HYDROXY-3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL. DURING 14 DAYS AFTER ORAL ADMIN OF SINGLE DOSE OF 25 MG TCB, 64% OF DOSE WAS EXCRETED UNCHANGED, MOST OF WHICH WAS UNABSORBED MATERIAL FROM GI TRACT. FECAL EXCRETION OF MAJOR METABOLITE ACCOUNTED FOR ONLY 3.3% OF DOSE.

OF 36 PURE ISOMERS (CHLORINE NUMBERS 1-5) OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS EXAM, 23 COMPOUNDS WERE METABOLIZED BY ALCALIGENS SPECIES STRAIN Y42 & 33 COMPOUNDS WERE METABOLIZED BY ACINETOBACTER SPECIES STRAIN P6. MAJOR PATHWAY OF MANY POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL ISOMERS EXAM WAS CONSIDERED TO PROCEED THROUGH 2',3'-DIHYDRO-2',3'-DIOL COMPOUNDS, CONCOMITANT DEHYDROGENATED 2',3'-DIHYDROXY COMPOUNDS, SUBSEQUENTLY THE 1',2'-META-CLEAVAGE COMPOUNDS (CHLORINATED DERIV OF 2-HYDROXY-6-OXO-6-PHENYLHEXA-2,4-DIENOIC ACIDS), & THEN CHLOROBENZOIC ACIDS.

Incubation of (14)C-labeled 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl with a reconstituted monooxygenase system containing cytochrome p450 isolated from 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats /was conducted/. ... Increases in incorporation and covalent binding to the proteins were dependent on incubation time and required cytochrome p450-linked monooxygenase activity. In the absence of erythrocytes, the reactive 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl metabolites were bound to cytochrome p450, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reductase cytochrome p450, and high-mol wt aggregates whereas inclusion of the cells in the reaction mixt caused marked alkylation of Hb and a decrease in binding to the electron transfer proteins. Several metabolites other than protein-bound metabolites were detected.

For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for 3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PCBs are absorbed via inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. They are trasported in the blood, often bound to albumin. Due to their lipophilic nature they tend to accumulate in lipid-rich tissues, such as the liver, adipose, and skin. Metabolism of PCBs is very slow and varies based on the degree and position of chlorination. PCBs are metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glutathione and glucuronic acid. The major metabolites are hydroxylated products which are excreted in the bile and faeces. The slow metabolism of PCBs means they tend to accumulate in body tissues. (L4, T6)

3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL (TCB) WAS ADMIN ORALLY TO ADULT FEMALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS IN DOSAGE REGIMENS OF 0.2, 0.5, & 2 MG/KG/DAY FOR 10 DAYS AT 5 MG/KG/DAY FOR 4 DAYS. IT WAS DISTRIBUTED PREFERENTIALLY INTO ADIPOSE TISSUE & LIVER, WHERE THE XENOBIOTIC CONCN WAS GREATER THAN IN ADIPOSE TISSUE. THE ADIPOSE TISSUE & HEPATIC TCB CONCN WERE DEPENDENT ON BOTH ABSOLUTE DOSE & DOSING SCHEDULE. ONLY TRACE AMOUNTS WERE DETECTABLE BY GLC IN THE SERUM, BRAIN, & KIDNEY. FECAL EXCRETION WAS GREATER THAN URINARY EXCRETION IN THOSE RATS ADMIN 5 MG/KG/DAY FOR 4 DAYS.

DISPOSITION OF 37 PCB CONGENERS & ADIPOSE TISSUE-PLASMA PARTITION OF 28 PCB CONGENERS WERE STUDIED IN 26 PERSONS OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO VARIOUS PCBS (20-54% CL). CONCN OF PCBS IN ADIPOSE TISSUE & PLASMA WERE RELATED TO DURATION & INTENSITY OF EXPOSURE. PCB CONCN IN ADIPOSE TISSUE WAS PROPORTIONAL TO THAT IN PLASMA, WITH A PARTITION FOR TOTAL PCBS OF APPROX 190:1 INDICATED FROM REGRESSION ANALYSIS. PCB CONGENERS WITH CL IN BOTH 4-POSITIONS OF BIPHENYL RING WERE MAJOR COMPONENTS IN PLASMA & ADIPOSE TISSUE. CONGENERS WITH UNSUBSTITUTED 3,4-POSITIONS ON 1 OR BOTH OF BIPHENYL RINGS WERE OBSERVED AT LOWER CONCENTRATIONS. IN CONTRAST, THOSE COMPOUNDS WITH SUBSTITUENTS AT 2,4- & 3,4-POSITIONS ON BOTH RINGS WERE PRESENT IN MUCH HIGHER PROPORTIONS IN BLOOD OR ADIPOSE TISSUE THAN IN PCB MIXTURES USED. THESE COMPONENTS ALSO HAD HIGHER ADIPOSE TISSUE-PLASMA PARTITION THAN THOSE WITH UNSUBSTITUTED 3,4-POSITIONS, REGARDLESS OF DEGREE OF CHLORINATION.

3,3'4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL SHOWED RELATIVE ACCUMULATION FACTORS WHICH AT STEADY STATE WERE PRACTICALLY CONSTANT FOR ANY KIND OF FISH EXAMINED. THE ACCUMULATION FACTORS FOR A PARTICULAR PCB COMPOUND IN DIFFERENT FISH WERE PROPORTIONAL TO THE LIPID CONTENTS OF THE FISH.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION & EXCRETION OF 3,4,3',4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL (3,4,3'4'-TCB) WAS CONDUCTED IN MALE & FEMALE RATS & FEMALE RHESUS MONKEYS IN AN EFFORT TO ACCOUNT FOR THE TOXICITY OF THIS POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (PCB). DISTRIBUTION & CLEARANCE OF 3,4,3',4'-TCB WERE SIMILAR IN MALE & FEMALE RATS. ALTHOUGH TCB WAS CLEARED MORE SLOWLY BY MONKEYS THAN BY RATS, THE MONKEYS WERE ABLE TO CLEAR IT AT AN APPRECIABLE RATE SO THAT TISSUE LEVELS WERE NEGLIGIBLE 6 WK AFTER ADMIN. TOXICITY COULD NOT BE ATTRIBUTED TO INABILITY OF THE ANIMALS TO METABOLIZE & EXCRETE IT OR TO ITS PERSISTENCE IN ANY TISSUE, WITH THE POSSIBLE EXCEPTION OF BLOOD. 3,4,3',4'-TCB &/OR ITS METABOLITES APPEARED TO BE MORE PERSISTENT IN BLOOD THAN ANY PCB STUDIED TO DATE.

Found in commercial PCB's, their manufacturing facilities, and during destruction or degradation of products containing PCB's; [HSDB]

PCB's not commercially produced in the US since 1977; [HSDB]

/PCBs were/ used as heat-transfer fluids, organic diluents, lubricant inks, plasticizers, fire retardants, paint additives, sealing liquids, immersion oils, adhesives, dedusting agents, waxes, and as dielectric fluids for capacitors and transformers. /Polychlorinated biphenyls/

/SRP: THIS PCB FOUND IN AROCLORS 1242, 1248, 1254, AND 1260; CLOPHENS A40 AND 50; KANECHLORS 300, 400, 500, AND 600 COENTERS ... FROM MANUFACTURING PLANTS, DURING DESTRUCTION OF MANUFACTURED ARTICLES CONTAINING PCBS IN MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL WASTE-DISPOSAL BURNERS, THROUGH GRADUAL WEAR & WEATHERING OF PCB-CONTAINING PRODUCTS, & THROUGH LEACHING FROM LAND-FILL DUMPS. /POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS/

PCBs were used as coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical devices (such as fluorescent lights and refridgerators) produced before 1977. PCBs may contaminate the air and water near hazardous waste sites. In addition, PCBs bioaccumulate in the environment and may be found in fish, meat, and dairy products. (L4)

3,4- DICHLOROANILINE IS COUPLED WITH 1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE BY USING AN EXCESS OF THE LATTER REACTANT WHICH ALSO SERVES AS THE SOLVENT MEDIUM. THE COUPLING REACTION PROCEEDS SMOOTHLY AFTER THE ADDITION OF ISOAMYL NITRITE, AND THE PCB PRODUCT IS READILY ISOLATED AFTER A SERIES OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES

ANALYSIS OF AROCLOR 1254 & 1248 FOR POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (PCB) LACKING 2,2'-CL SUBSTITUTION REVEALED PRESENCE OF 3,4,4'-TRICHLOROBIPHENYL, 3,3'4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL & 3,3',4,5,5'-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL.

DOMESTIC /USA/ PRODUCTION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS WAS STOPPED IN OCTOBER 1977 /POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS/.

Three congeners of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (non-o-o'-Cl-substituted PCBs) were detected in representative comparitive PCB preparations. The 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl was highest in Kanechlor 400 (8500 ug/g) and Aroclor 1248 (6060 ug/g) followed by Kanechlors 300, 500, and 600, and Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260 in that order. ...

ANALYSIS OF AROCLOR 1254 & 1248 FOR POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (PCB) LACKING 2,2'-CL SUBSTITUTION REVEALED PRESENCE OF 3,4,4'-TRICHLOROBIPHENYL, 3,3'4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL & 3,3',4,5,5'-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL.

Detected at levels of 0.3%, 0.7%, and 1.1% in Clophen A30, Clophen A40, and Clophen A50, respectively. Not detected in Clophen A60