3,4,5,3',4',5'-ヘキサクロロ-1,1'-ビフェニル

... Dry sand or earth should be spread on the leak, or spill area. ...

Survey reports six case histories employing EPA's hazardous materials spills treatment trailer are reviewed. The trailer's ... treatment system has three mixed-media filters and three activated carbon columns to remove suspended, precipitated, and organic soluble materials. Spills of PCB, pentachlorophenol, kepone, termide (chlordane), heptachlor, aldrin, and dieldrin, toxaphene, and dinitrobutylphenol were treated by the EPA trailer, which was generally successful in mitigating environmental effects by filtering and carbon-adsorption. 90% removal was achieved for 21 of 23 compounds.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

EXPERIMENTS ON THE COMBUSTION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB) IN 1 M-LONG TUBE FURNACE INDICATED THAT PCB CONTAINING APPROX 40% CL IS DESTROYED WITHIN 3-4 MIN AT 900-1000 °C USING 100% EXCESS AIR. TEMPERATURES GREATER THAN 1000 °C ARE REQUIRED TO DESTROY PCB CONTAINING APPROX 60% CL & DISTILLATION RESIDUES ARISING FROM PCB MFR. DOMESTIC WASTE INCINERATORS OPERATING AT 800-900 °C ARE UNLIKELY TO PROVE SUITABLE FOR INCINERATING WASTE CONTAINING TRACE AMT OF PCB. PYROLYSIS EXPERIMENTS AT 900 °C WITH NOMINAL RESIDENCE TIME OF 3.5 SEC GAVE 40-60% RECOVERY OF CL AS HCL FROM PCB.

POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS CAN BE DESTROYED BY INCINERATION IF THE TRANSIT TIME IS LONG ENOUGH. DURING INCINERATION HEXACHLOROBENZENE IS FORMED; ITS RATE OF FORMATION INCR AT HIGH TEMP. IN ORDER FOR THE HEXACHLOROBENZENE TO BE DESTROYED, A TEMP OF 950 °C IS NEEDED. THIS RESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF A RESIDUE LESS THAN 100 MG OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE/KG. AT 800 °C & A TRANSIT TIME OF 2 SEC, A RESIDUE OF ABOUT 1200 MG/KG REMAINS.

Investigations were conducted of new and emerging technologies for the disposal of hazardous wastes, ... including molten salt combustion, fluidized bed incineration, high energy electron treatment of trace organic compounds in aqueous solution, the catalyzed wet oxidation of toxic chemicals, dehalogenation of compounds by treatment with ultraviolet (UV) light and hydrogen, UV/chlorinolysis of organics in aqueous solution, the catalytic hydrogenation-dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and ultraviolet-ozone destruction. Theory, specific wastes treated, and economics are discussed. The major technologies investigated in detail were molten salt combustion, fluidized bed incineration, and ultraviolet/ozone destruction. Among wastes treated by emerging technologies are PCBs, various dioxins, pesticides and herbicides, chemical warfare agents, explosives and propellants, nitrobenzene, and hydrazine plus its derivatives.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/In a confined space: The worker/ should wear appropriate protective equipment and be connected by a lifeline harness to an outside worker.

Employees should wash their hands before eating, drinking, and smoking ... and refrain from such activities in the polluted rooms. ...

... Workers should be provided with suitable protective clothing: long-sleeved overalls, boots, overshoes, and bib-type aprons that cover the boot tops, /and/ gloves. ... Safety glasses with side shields ... for eye protection. Respirators should be used in areas with PCB vapors and during installation and repair of containers and emergency activities. ...

There are no specific treatments for PCB poisoning, since it is not usually recognized until after substantial chronic exposure. Only preventing further exposure and treating the observed symptoms can be done. Acute inhalation can be treated by administering oxygen. (L4)

The most common health effects of PCBs are skin conditions such as chloracne and rashes. Chronic PCB exposure has also been shown to cause liver, stomach and kidney, damage, jaundice, edema, anemia, changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. (L4)

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

The mechanism of action varies with the specific PCB. Dioxin-like PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts cell function by altering the transcription of genes, mainly be inducing the expression of hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes, especially of the cytochrome P450 family. Most of the toxic effects of PCBs are believed to be results of Ah receptor binding. Other PBCs are believed to interfere with calcium channels and/or change brain dopamine levels. PCBs can also cause endocrine disurption by altering the production of thyroid hormones and binding to estrogen receptors, which can stimulate the growth of certain cancer cells and produce other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. They will bioaccumulate by binding to receptor proteins such as uteroglobin. (A3, A4, A30, A66)

... In a human population occupationally exposed /to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl/, an increase of urinary porphyrins has been noted, one of which is significantly linked with the rise of an enzymatic induction marker, urinary D-glucaric acid, but no correlat ion can be made with PCB blood level. The rise in urinary porphyrins seems to be an early rather specific reflection of the biological impact of polychlorinated biphenyls, which justifies the search for it in the biological surveillance of exposed workers.

Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase-inducing potency of toxic polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons such as polychlorinated dibenzofuran isomers, 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was investigated in human lymphoblastoid cell lines with different aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility for 3-methylcholanthrene obtained from healthy subjects. Each of the cell lines was treated with eight individual polychlorinated dibenzofuran isomers, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobophenyl at doses of 1.9-15 ng/ml of culture medium, 1.9-7.5 ng/ml, respectively. ... 3,4,5,3',4',5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl at a dose of 95 ng/ml, did not induce aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. ...

Nursing /by women exposed to PCB's/ ... should be discouraged because of the high amount of PCB's excreted with milk. ...

Food and Environmental Agents: Reported Sign or Symptom in Infant or Effect on Lactation: Polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls: Lack of endurance, hypotonia, sullen, expressionless facies. /from Table 7/

/SRP 1988: THIS POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL HAS ENTERED THE ENVIRONMENT BY APPLICATIONS OF AROCLOR 1248 AND 1254/ ... FROM MANUFACTURING PLANTS, DURING DESTRUCTION OF MANUFACTURED ARTICLES CONTAINING PCBS IN MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL WASTE-DISPOSAL BURNERS, THROUGH GRADUAL WEAR & WEATHERING OF PCB-CONTAINING PRODUCTS, & THROUGH LEACHING FROM LAND-FILL DUMPS. /POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS/

5 WK OLD MALE MICE WERE ADMIN 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 OR 300 PPM 3,4,5,3',4',5'-HEXCHLOROBIPHENYL (HCB) IN FEED DAILY FOR 28 DAYS. HCB CAUSED MORTALITY & BODY & ORGAN WT CHANGES AT ALL DOSE LEVELS & PRODUCED EXCESS PORPHYRIN ACCUMULATION. IT CAUSED SC EDEMA, ENLARGEMENT OF LIVER WITH ACCENTUATED HEPATIC LOBULAR MARKINGS, FATTY LIVER, HEPATOCELLULAR SWELLING & NECROSIS, & ATROPHY OF THYMUS.

INDUCTION OF HEPATIC ENZYMES IN ADULT & WEANLING RATS WAS STUDIED. 3,4,5,3',4',5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL WAS A 3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE-TYPE HEPATIC ENZYME INDUCER. THE TOXICITY WAS RELATED TO ITS 3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE-TYPE INDUCING ABILITY BUT THE TOXIC CHARACTERISTICS WERE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE OF METHYLCHOLANTHRENE ITSELF.

ALL TEST COMPOUNDS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED LIVER TO BODY WT RATIOS. 2,4,5,2',4',5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL (2,4,5-HCB) CAUSED MID-ZONAL ACCUMULATION OF OIL RED O-STAINING LIPIDS, WHILE 3,4,5,3',4',5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL (3,4,5-HCB) CAUSED CENTROLOBULAR ACCUMULATION. 3,4,5-HCB PRODUCED A CENTROLOBULAR ACCUMULATION OF LIPIDS IN LIVER OF C57BL/6 MICE, BUT PERIPORTAL ACCUMULATION IN DBA/2J MICE. NONE OF THE PCBS INCREASED LEVELS OF ANY OF THE ENZYMES INVOLVED IN BIOSYNTHESIS OF TRIGLYCERIDES & PHOSPHOLIPIDS. THE FATTY LIVER ASSOCIATED WITH HEXACHLOROBIPHENYLS MOST LIKELY REFLECTS THE EFFECTS ON LIPID TRANSPORT, BIODEGRADATION OR COMPARTMENTALIZATION.

CD MICE WERE GIVEN 3,3'4,4'5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL (3,4,5-HCB) BY GAVAGE IN COTTONSEED OIL ON DAYS 6-15 OF GESTATION AT 0.1, 1, 2, 4, 8, & 16 MG/KG/DAY. MICE WERE KILLED ON DAY 18. INCREASE IN AVG PERCENT OF MALFORMED FETUSES/LITTER AT VARIOUS DOSE LEVELS (MG/KG) WERE 2 (11.7%), 4 (36.9%), 8 (65.5%) & 16 (60.6%) VERSUS VEHICLE CONTROL GROUP (0.9%). FETAL DEATHS INCREASED AT 4, 8, & 16 MG/KG/DAY, & A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN AVG FETAL WT & AN INCREASE IN PERCENTAGE OF RESORPTIONS OCCURRED AT 8 & 16 MG/KG/DAY. OTHER SIGNS OF EMBRYOTOXICITY, EG, LIVER DISCOLORATION & SMALL RENAL PAPILLAE WERE SEEN AT DOSAGES AS LOW AS 1 MG/KG. CLEFT PALATE INCREASED AT APPROX 2 MG/KG & HYDRONEPHROSIS AT 4 MG/KG.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 3,3',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Found in commercial PCB's, their manufacturing facilities, and during destruction or degradation of products containing PCB's; [HSDB]

/SRP 1988: THIS POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL HAS ENTERED THE ENVIRONMENT BY APPLICATIONS OF AROCLOR 1248 AND 1254/ ... FROM MANUFACTURING PLANTS, DURING DESTRUCTION OF MANUFACTURED ARTICLES CONTAINING PCBS IN MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL WASTE-DISPOSAL BURNERS, THROUGH GRADUAL WEAR & WEATHERING OF PCB-CONTAINING PRODUCTS, & THROUGH LEACHING FROM LAND-FILL DUMPS. /POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS/

PCBs were used as coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical devices (such as fluorescent lights and refridgerators) produced before 1977. PCBs may contaminate the air and water near hazardous waste sites. In addition, PCBs bioaccumulate in the environment and may be found in fish, meat, and dairy products. (L4)

3,4,5-TRICHLOROANILINE IS COUPLED WITH 1,2,3-TRICHLOROBENZENE BY USING AN EXCESS OF THE LATTER REACTANT WHICH ALSO SERVES AS THE SOLVENT MEDIUM. THE COUPLING REACTION PROCEEDS SMOOTHLY AFTER THE ADDITION OF ISOAMYL NITRITE, AND THE PCB PRODUCT IS READILY ISOLATED AFTER A SERIES OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES

ANALYSIS OF AROCLOR 1254 & 1248 FOR POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (PCB) LACKING 2,2'-CL SUBSTITUTION REVEALED PRESENCE OF 3,4,4'-TRICHLOROBIPHENYL, 3,3'4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL & 3,3',4,5,5'-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL.