化工社化工社 化学情報印刷レポート · 研究参考用
リチウムヒドロキシド
リチウムヒドロキシド · 水酸化リチウム · 水酸化リチウム一水和物 · 水酸化リチウム (無水) [一般有機合成用] · 水酸化リチウム (無水) · 水酸化リチウム POWDER,REAGENT GRADE,≥98% · 水酸化リチウム REAGENT GRADE,98% · 水酸化リチウム(無水)
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 1310-65-2 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | HLiO |
| 平均分子量 | 24 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 24.0187442 g/mol |
| SMILES | [Li+].[OH-] |
| InChIKey | WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| PubChem CID | 3939 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:33979 |
| EC No. | 215-183-4 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID70893845 |
| 現地名 | リチウムヒドロキシド |
化学・物理的性質
| 極性表面積 | 1 |
|---|---|
| 水素結合供与体数 | 1 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 1 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 0 |
| 重原子数 | 2 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 2 |
| 物質分類 | Other Classes -> Bases |
| Polymers | Plastics -> N.a. |
| 化粧品 | BufferingHair waving or straightening |
| 密度 | 2.54 g/cm³1.45 @25 °C1.43 |
| 溶解度 | Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 12.8 (good)水：20℃で可溶71g/L113g/L(20℃) |
| 沸点 | 1626 °C @760 [mm Hg]925°C |
| Decomposition | 924 °C |
| 融点 | 450-471 °C473 °C470 °C (dec.) (lit.) |
| 蒸気圧 | Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: (negligible) |
| Food Contact Substances | FCS -> FDA Inventory of Food Contact Substances Listed in 21 CFR |
| Physical Description | Lithium hydroxide, solution appears as a clear to water-white liquid which may have a pungent odor. Contact may cause severe irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It may be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. It is used to make other chemicals.Large CrystalsWet SolidDry PowderWhite crystals or granular powder[AIHA] Readily absorbs carbon dioxide and water from air[Merck Index] White odorless granulesHygroscopic[Alfa Aesar MSDS]COLOURLESS-TO-WHITE HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS. |
| 貯蔵条件 | Store below +30°C. |
| pKa（酸解離定数） | 14[at 20 ℃] |
| 外観・状態 | 個体 |
| 比重 | 2.54 |
| 色 | 白色～淡黄色 |
| 臭い | 無臭 |
| pH | 12 (50g/l, H2O, 50℃) |
| 比熱容量 | Cp(crystal): 2.07 J/(g·K)Cp(gas): 1.92 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,5534 |
| 安定性 | 安定。水分と相容れない。強酸、二酸化炭素。 |
| 化粧品成分の機能 | ヘアウェーブとヘアストレートバッファリング |
| InChI | 1S/Li.H2O/h1H2/q+1/p-1 |
| InChIKey | WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| SMILES | [Li+].[OH-] |
| CAS データベース | 1310-65-2(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NISTの化学物質情報 | Lithium hydroxide(1310-65-2) |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | Lithium hydroxide (1310-65-2) |
化学的特性
lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is a white solid made industrially as the monohydrate (LiOH.H2O) by reacting lime with a lithium ore or with a salt made from the ore. Lithium hydroxide has a closer resemblance to the group 2 hydroxides than to the group 1 hydroxides.
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 9.7% (95 of 980) of reports.DangerH301 (12.6%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 980 reports by companies from 28 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
|---|---|
| 規制情報 | Chemical: Lithium hydroxide (Li(OH))Lithium hydroxide (Li(OH)) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Lithium hydroxide (Li(OH)) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 17-02-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14855Lithium hydroxide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
| その他の安全情報 | IMAP assessments - Lithium hydroxide: Human health tier II assessment |
| 輸送ラベル（DOT） | Corrosive |
| 火災危険 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.Not combustible. |
| 健康有害性 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEinhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. |
| 有害性の概要 | Corrosive to skin[Quick CPC] High inhalation exposure can cause pulmonary edema[ICSC] Causes abnormal liver function test results in animal experiments[RTECS] See Lithium oxide. |
| 輸送番号・ガイド（DOT） | 2680 1542679 154 |
| 反応性グループ | Bases, Strong |
| UN 分類 | UN Hazard Class: 8UN Pack Group: II |
| Reactivity Alerts | Known Catalytic Activity |
| Reactivity Profile | LITHIUM HYDROXIDE, SOLUTION neutralizes acids exothermically to form salts plus water. Reacts with certain metals (such as aluminum and zinc) to form oxides or hydroxides of the metal and generate gaseous hydrogen. May initiate polymerization reactions in polymerizable organic compounds, especially epoxides. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with ammonium salts, nitrides, halogenated organics, various metals, peroxides, and hydroperoxides. May serve as a catalyst. Reacts when heated above about 84 °C with aqueous solutions of reducing sugars other than sucrose, to evolve toxic levels of carbon monoxide [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995]. |
| Chemical Dangers | Decomposes on heating above 924 °C . This produces toxic fumes. The solution in water is a strong base. It reacts violently with acid and is corrosive to aluminium, tin and zinc. This produces flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC 0001). Reacts with strong oxidants. |
| 消火 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. |
| 応急処置措置 | Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer immediately for medical attention.Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention. |
| 漏出応急措置 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| 応急処置 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:General First Aid: |
| 安全保管 | Separated from food and feedstuffs, strong oxidants and strong acids. Store only in original container. Dry. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| 暴露管理・個人防護 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
| 非火災時の漏出対応 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| 漏出処分 | Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered plastic containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:Immediate precautionary measure |
| Eye Prevention | Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. |
| Inhalation Risk | Evaporation at 20 °C is negligiblea harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed. |
| Skin Prevention | Protective gloves. Protective clothing. |
| 有害作用 | Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin |
| 暴露経路 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion. Serious local effects by all routes of exposure. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing.Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns. Blisters.Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.Abdominal pain. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Nausea. Vomiting. Shock or collapse. |
| ICSC Environmental Data | This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to aquatic organisms. |
| Toxicity Data | LC50 (rat) = 960 mg/m3/4hr |
| 水環境危害等級（WGK） | 1 |
| TSCA 収載状態 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 番号 | OJ6307070 |
| 輸送番号（UN） | UN 2680 8/PG II (LITHIUM HYDROXIDE) |
| 毒性 | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 210 mg/kg |
| 税関コード | 28252010 |
| 危険文句（R） | 52/53-35-20/22-22-34-23 |
| 化審法 | (1)-712 |
| 危険表示 | C |
| 安全措置（S） | 45-36/37/39-26-22 |
| 危険等級 | 8Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Dam. 1Skin Corr. 1B |
| 包装等級 | II |
| 毒劇物取締法 | 劇物 |
| 貯蔵分類 | 8A - Combustible corrosive hazardous materials |
用途
解説
水酸化リチウム，真空中で五酸化二リンを用いて脱水して無水物が得られる．無水物は白色の固体．密度1.46 g cm－3．融点450 ℃．924 ℃ で分解してLi2Oとなる．二酸化炭素を吸収する．吸湿性で水に可溶，エタノールに微溶．水溶液は強塩基性を示す．一水和物は無色の単斜晶系結晶．密度1.51 g cm－3．水に可溶，エーテルに不溶．リチウム化合物の製造，写真現像液，電池，二酸化炭素吸収剤，グリース，陶磁器などに用いられる森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
現像液、アルカリ蓄電池、アルキド樹脂製造触媒、グリースの製造など
用途
リチウム石鹸及びリチウムグリスの原料、塗料添加剤
使用
Lithium hydroxide is an alkali metal hydroxide that is used in storage batteries and soaps and as CO2 absorber in spacecrafts.
一般的な説明
Lithium hydroxide, solution appears as a clear to water-white liquid which may have a pungent odor. Contact may cause severe irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It may be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. It is used to make other chemicals.
使用用途
水酸化リチウムは、空気中のを吸収する性質を持ちます。その性質を利用して、二酸化炭素の吸収剤として用いられています。具体的には、空気の循環が十分でないスペースシャトル内で二酸化炭素中毒を防ぐ目的で水酸化リチウム缶が使用されています。 また、水酸化リチウムはリチウムイオン電池の原料であるほぼすべての正極活物質、電解液、一部の負極活物質の原料です。正極活物質の原料としては、炭酸リチウムが主に用いられていましたが、高容量化が可能なニッケル比率の高い活物質の生産には、水酸化リチウムが必須となります。 再生可能エネルギーの蓄電、電気自動車用途での需要の伸びに従い、近年特に需要が伸びています。その他、写真現像液、潤滑用グリースであるステアリン酸リチウムの原料なども用途の1つです。ステアリン酸リチウムのグリースは、低温から高温まで使用可能温度範囲が広く、万能なグリースとして幅広い用途があります。
製法・合成法
製造方法
水酸化リチウムは、炭酸リチウムに消石灰を添加して炭酸カルシウムと分離する方法 (2-1) か、硫酸リチウムまたは塩化リチウムの電解により製造する方法 (2-2) が、工業的に用いられています。いずれの方法でもリチウム原料としては、リチウム鉱石または、塩化リチウムを含むかん水を使用しています。 ここでは、リチウム鉱石から水酸化リチウムができるまでの工程を、以下に示します。
純化方法
It crystallises from hot water (3mL/g) as the monohydrate. It is dehydrated at 150o in a stream of CO2-free air. It sublimes at 220o with partial decomposition [Cohen Inorg Synth V 3 1957, Bravo Inorg Synth VII 1 1963].