シプロフロキサシン

解説シプロフロキサシン，C17H18FN3O3(331.34)．キノロン系抗菌薬．7-クロロ-1-シクロプロピル-6-フルオロ-1,4-ジヒドロ-4-オキソキノリン-3-カルボン酸をピペラジンと縮合させると得られる．分解点255～257 ℃．幅広い抗菌スペクトルをもち，抗菌力も強い．細菌のDNAジャイレースに作用してDNAの合成を阻害する．2001年，アメリカでのバイオテロリズムでは，肺炭疽(そ)症の予防と治療に使用された．

用途シプロフロキサシンは広域抗生物質であり、グラム陰性、グラム陽性のいずれのバクテリアにも活性である。デオキシリボ核酸二本鎖の切断再結合を行う酵素であるDNAジャイレース（DNAトポイソメラーゼの一種）に結合し、DNAの複製を阻害することで抗菌作用を示す。DNAの複製が阻害されることで、バクテリアは細胞分裂ができなくなる。

説明Ciprofloxacin is a quinolone antibacterial related to recently marketed norfloxacin (10), ofloxacin (2), pefloxacin (2) and enoxacin. It has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and is useful in the treatment of urinary and upper respiratory tract infections.

来歴Ciprofloxacin(original trade name:Cipro) is one of the world's most widely prescribed antibiotics for bacterial infections. Ciprofloxacin was discovered by scientists at Bayer Pharmaceuticals in the 1980s. In 1987, Bayer received US Food and Drug Administration approval for orally administered ciprofloxacin; the intravenous form was approved in 1991. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

使用Ciprofloxacin is used in the treatment of infections from a wide range of aerobic gram-positive and aerobic gramnegative microorganisms. It has been shown to be effective against inhalational anthrax and reduce the incidence or progression of disease following exposure to aerosolized Bacillus anthracis. It is also used in select respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, typhoid fever, some sexually transmitted diseases, and septicemia. Infectious diarrhea may be caused by organisms found in food or water and transferred by person-to-person contact. This may have a devastating effect, globally, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Ciprofloxacin is effective against those organisms that may contribute to infectious diarrhea, such as Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic strains), Campylobacter jejuni, and select strains of Shigella; and is utilized when antibacterial therapy is medically indicated. Ciprofloxacin has also been utilized as a secondary agent in the treatment of tuberculosis.