White crystalline solid. Some formulations are a dark brown liquid.
安全性と法規制
規制情報
Mefluidide is listed in the dataset of EPA Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides under the Safe Drinking Water Act (40 eCFR 141)2004/401/EC
有害性の概要
Mefluidide diethanolamine salt (Mefluidide-diolamine CAS# 53780-36-2) and mefluidide potassium salt (Mefluidide-potassium CAS# 83601-83-6) are considered toxicologically equivalentCauses kidney injury and weight loss in chronic studies of dogsRats and rabbits exhibit tremors, hunched posture, salivation, and weight lossIncreased fetal losses in rats at doses maternally toxic[Reference #1] A dose of 60 ppm was necessary for detection in milk of dairy cows fed for one month (no adverse effects to milk yield or quality)[REPROTOX] Hepatotoxicity observed in 18-month feeding study of ratsDecreased weaning weights noted in 3-generation study of rats (days 14-21 of lactation)No evidence of teratogenicity[HSDB] An eye irritant[Chem Service MSDS]
Special Reports
USEPA/Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic SubstancesReregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Mefluidide, EPA 738-R-07-011 (September 2007). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the USA.[Available from, as of July 9, 2018: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]
FIFRA 要件
The Agency has completed its assessment of the dietary (water only), residential, occupational, and ecological risks associated with the use of pesticides containing the active ingredient mefluidide. Food risks are not assessed because there are no food/feed uses of mefluidide. Based on a review of the mefluidide database and public comments on the Agency's assessments for the active ingredient mefluidide, the Agency has sufficient information on the human health and ecological effects of mefluidide to make decisions as part of the reregistration process under FIFRA. The Agency has determined that currently registered uses of mefluidide will not pose unreasonable adverse effects to humans or the environment provided that the risk mitigation measures and label changes outlined in this RED are implementedtherefore, products containing mefluidide are eligible for reregistration if the risk mitigation measures outlined in the document are adopted and label amendments are made to implement these measures. ... Based on its evaluation of mefluidide, the Agency has determined that mefluidide products, unless labeled and used as specified in this document, could result in unreasonable adverse effects on the environment. Accordingly, should a registrant fail to implement any of the risk mitigation measures identified in this document, the Agency may take regulatory action to address the risk concerns from the use of mefluidide. If all changes outlined in this document are incorporated into the product labels, then current risks for mefluidide will be adequately mitigated for the purposes of this determination under FIFRA.
Mefluidide is a plant growth regulator that suppresses annual bluegrass seedheads on creeping bentgrass greens. An antiparasitic agent.
As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. N-(2,4-Dimethyl-5-(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amino)phenyl)acetamide is found on List B. Case No: 2370
Pesticide type: herbicide
Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the RED document.
Active ingredient (AI): N-(2,4-Dimethyl-5-(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amino)phenyl)acetamide
AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products. Thus, we characterize it as "cancelled."
As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Mefluidide, potassium salt is found on List B. Case No: 2370
Active ingredient (AI): mefluidide, potassium salt
AI Status: The producers of the pesticide have made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner. /Mefluidide, potassium salt/
Other Hazardous Reactions
Mildly corrosive to metals.
Toxic Combustion Products
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides, hydrogen fluoride.
Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations
Weak eye or dermal irritant (Toxicity Category III and IV).
Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities
Incompatible materials: Strong reducing agents.
消火手順
Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
保管条件
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
清掃方法
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
処分方法
SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in air, soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal companyContaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwaters or rinsate.Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge. Do not discharge effluent containing this product to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authority. For guidance contact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the EPA.
Preventive Measures
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.Precautions for safe handling: Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Mefluidide (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).Skin protection: Handle with gloves.Body Protection: Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place.Respiratory protection: Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Mefluidide (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 77(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that mufluidide is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of mufluidide is 4.78(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of the neutral species of mufluidide from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Mufluidide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.3X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Photodecomposition is reported to be rapid on wet soil surfaces, but water is critical for this reaction(5). A reported biodegradation half-life in soil of 12 days(6) indicates that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 77(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that mufluidide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization of the neutral species from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). A pKa of 4.78(3) indicates mufluidide will exist partially in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 10(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.02(4) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Mefluidide decomposes in aqueous solutions exposed to UV radiation(6). It is generally resistant to hydrolysis and photolysis in sterile buffered solutions at pH 4-9(7). A reported biodegradation half-life in soil of 12 days(7) indicates that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), mefluidide, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.3X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase mefluidide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Particulate-phase mefluidide may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Mefluidide contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
有害作用
Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin
毒性の概要
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Mefluidide is a solid. It is plant growth regulator and herbicide. It is used to suppress seed heads and fruiting, as well as retarding growth to reduce mowing and trimming. It is also registered for growth control of low maintenance turf on rights-of-ways, airports, public and industrial sites. Mefluidide products can also be used on residential lawns. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: In rats and rabbits, critical effects of acute oral toxicity (doses of 100 mg/kg/day and above) were tremors, hunched posture, salivation, reduced body weight and body weight gain. Dogs are most sensitive to the effects of mefluidide, which occur at doses as low as 15 mg/kg/day in diets fed for one yr. In addition, dogs fed with mefluidide for one yr exhibited chronic cortical nephrosis at doses of 150 mg/kg/day. Mefluidide was not dermally toxic when tested on rabbits at limit doses of 1000 mg/kg/day for 21 days. Effects were limited to slight erythema at the application site at the 1000 mg/kg/day dose. Increased incidence of liver hyperplastic nodules in both sexes was observed in mice fed with mefluidide at doses of 270 mg/kg/day and higher, however there was no oncogenic response in mice at doses as high as 900 mg/kg/day. Rats fed with mefluidide at doses up to 300 mg/kg/day did not exhibit any carcinogenic response either. Developmental effects of mefluidide in rats included increased number of early resorptions and mean postimplantation loss. These effects were observed at the same dose that caused maternal toxicity indicating there was no increased susceptibility to fetuses. In the 3-generation reproduction toxicity study in rats, the offspring toxicity was characterized by decreased body weights in both sexes and both litters in all generations. It was not teratogenic in rabbits. Eight strains of Salmonella typhimurium and two strains of Escherichia coli were tested for mutagenicity with and without metabolic activation. Mefluidide was not mutagenic in those tests. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Mefluidide was practically non-toxic to birds on a acute oral basis. Mefluidide is practically non-toxic to estuarine marine fish and slightly toxic to estuarine marine invertebrates on an acute basis. It was practically non-toxic to honeybees on an acute contact basis. This water-soluble agent is absorbed by grass mainly through its leaves. It inhibits growth due to cell elongation and largely suppresses seed head formation.
生態毒性抜粋
/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ For mefluidide, an acute single-dose oral toxicity study was performed using the bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). The 58.2% ai [active ingredient] compound was adjusted to 100% ai at dosing. Thirty birds were used at one dose level of 2000 mg ae/ kg. The LD50 value was > 2000 mg ae [acid equivalent]/kg bw. The results of this study categorize mefluidide as practically non-toxic to birds on a acute oral basis. However, this study is classified as Supplemental for an avian dietary LD 50 study because it is unclear what material (Technical Grade Active Ingredient, formulated product, or formulation intermediate) was tested./BIRDS and MAMMALS/ For mefluidide, one dietary toxicity study was performed using the mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos). The 58.2% ai compound was adjusted to 100% ai at dosing. Thirty birds were used at one dose level of 5000 mg ae/ kg diet. In the mallard duck study, the non-definitive LC50 was >5000 mg ae/kg diet. The results of this study categorize mefluidide as practically non-toxic to birds on a dietary basis. However, this study is classified as Supplemental for an avian dietary LC50 study because it is unclear what material (Technical Grade Active Ingredient, formulated product, or formulation intermediate) was tested./BIRDS and MAMMALS/ For mefluidide, one dietary toxicity study was performed using the bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). The 58.2% ai compound was adjusted to 100% ai at dosing. Thirty birds were used at one dose level of 5000 mg ae/ kg diet. In the bobwhite quail study, the non-definitive LC50 was >5000 mg ae/kg diet. The results of this study categorize mefluidide as practically non-toxic to birds on a dietary basis. However, this study is classified as Supplemental for an avian dietary LC50 study because it is unclear what material (Technical Grade Active Ingredient, formulated product, or formulation intermediate) was tested. No statistics were performed due to lack of mortality and no signs of toxicity were observed./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Mefluidide is practically non-toxic to the estuarine marine mysid (Mysidopsis bahia), with a 96-hr EC50 133 mg ae/L and a NOAEC of 47 mg ae/L. Mean measured concentrations were 16.2, 28.0, 47, 80 and 133 mg ae/L. One mortality for estuarine marine invertebrates occurred at the 28 mg ae/L treatment level. However, this death was not considered treatment related. By the end of the study 50% mortality had occurred in the 133 mg ae/L treatment group.For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Mefluidide (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Soil Adsorption/Mobility
Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of mefluidide can be estimated to be 77(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that mefluidide is expected to have high mobility in soil. The pKa of mefluidide is 4.78(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).
Artificial Pollution Sources
Mefluidide's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streamsthe use of its acid salts as plant growth regulators(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).
Environmental Biodegradation
AEROBIC: Mefluidide was reported to be rapidly degraded in soil with a half-life of <1 week, yielding the main metabolite 5-amino-2,4-dimethyltrifluoromethanesulfonanilide(1). A half-life of 12 days in aerobic soils was reported(2).
Environmental Bioconcentration
An estimated BCF of 10 was calculated for mefluidide(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.02(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
Volatilization from Water/Soil
The Henry's Law constant for mefluidide is estimated as 1.3X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that the neutral form of mefluidide is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). A pKa of 4.78(3) indicates mefluidide will exist partially in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process for the anionic form of mefluidide(SRC). Mefluidide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.4X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In rats and rabbits, critical effects of acute oral toxicity (occurring at doses of 100 mg/kg/day and above) were tremors, hunched posture, salivation, reduced body weight and body weight gain./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Mefluidide and its DEA salt were not dermally toxic when tested in rabbits at limit doses of 1000 mg/kg/day for 21 days. Effects were limited to slight erythema at the application site at the 1000 mg/kg/day dose./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Mefluidide, purity 93%, fed at 0, 600, 1800 or 6000 ppm in diet to /mice/ 60/sex/group for 18-19 months. Positive adverse chronic effect of liver toxicity. No evidence of oncogenicity. NOEL for hepatotoxicity is 600 ppm./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Mefluidide and its diethanolamine salt subchronic and chronic toxicity are manifested by decreased bw and bw gain in several species tested (rats, rabbits and dogs). Dogs are most sensitive to these effects, which occur at doses as low as 15 mg/kg/day in diets fed for one yr. In addition, dogs fed with mefluidide for one yr exhibited chronic cortical nephrosis at doses of 150 mg/kg/day.For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Mefluidide (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Environmental Abiotic Degradation
The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of mefluidide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 0.64 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). It is generally resistant to hydrolysis and photolysis in sterile buffered solutions at pH 4-9(2). Mefluidide decomposes in aqueous solutions exposed to UV radiation(3). Photodegradation half-lives of 2-3 days in natural well water and 4.85 days on soil surfaces has been reported(2). Photodecomposition is reported to be rapid on wet soil surfaces, but water is critical for this reaction(4). Mefluidide contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
水環境危害等級（WGK）
3
RTECS 番号
AE2460000
輸送番号（UN）
UN3077 (solid)UN3082 (liquid)
毒性
LC50 (96-hour) for bluegill sunfish and rainbow trout >100 mg/L (Hartley and Kidd, 1987)LC50 (4-day) for bluegill sunfish 1,600 ppm and trout >1,200 ppm (Humburg et al., 1989)acute oral LD50 for rats >4,000 mg/kg (Hartley and Kidd, 1987).
