DL-酒石酸

化学的特性DL-Tartaric acid is a water- and alcohol-soluble colorless crystalline solid with a characteristic acid taste and a melting temperature of 170°C(338°F). Naturally occurring tartaric acid is generally of the L-configuration (based on the absolute configuration of D-glyceric acid). The L-forms of tartrates are dextrorotatory in solution and thus are designated as L(+)-tartrates. It is also known as dihydroxy succinic acid. Tartaric acid is used as a chemical intermediate and a sequestrant,as well as in tanning, effervescent beverages, baking powder, ceramics, photography, textile processing,mirror silvering,and metal coloring.

解説dl－ 酒石酸ともいわれる。化学式 C4H8O8 。旋光性はないが，分割すれば d -酒石酸と l -酒石酸に分けることができる。マンニットを硝酸で酸化すると生成する。またブドウの果汁中に存在することがある。無水塩は無色の結晶 (73℃以上の熱水から再結晶) で，融点 206℃。1水塩の融点 203～204℃。カルシウム，ストロンチウムの定量試薬に使われる。ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 ブリタニカ

天然物の起源d-Tartaric acid occurs in many fruits or other parts of the plant, free or combined with potassium, calcium or magnesium. It is also reported found in raw, lean fish, white wine, red wine and port wine.

使用DL-Tartaric acid is used as a synergist for antioxidants, emulsifier, sequestrant and flavoring agent. It is also added with citric acid to prepare effervescent salts, thereby enhancing the taste of oral medications. It is also utilized in pigments, processing aids, ink, toner and colorant products. It acts as a chelating agent in metal and farming industries. Further, it is used as lubricant and grease. It is mixed with sodium bicarbonate and used as a leavening agent in food preparation. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is utilized in the preparation of tartar emetic, which is used in cough syrup as an expectorant.

使用用途酒石酸は、食品添加物として利用される場合が多いです。爽やかな酸味を与える酸味料あるいは調味料として、清涼飲料水、ゼリー、ジャム、ソースなどに用いられます。また、酒石酸の塩である酒石酸水素カリウムや酒石酸ナトリウムは、加熱すると分解して二酸化炭素を放出する性質を利用して、膨張剤にも使用される場合があります。 そのほか、pHの調整や収れん作用を目的に、化粧品に配合されることも多いです。やと合わせてケミカルピーリング溶剤に入れることで、皮膚の古い角質を除去する効果があると言われています。 また、酒石酸は有機合成における原料や触媒としても用いられています。

製造方法The tartrates used in commerce are obtained as a by-product of wine manufacture and have the L(+) configuration. Produced from argols or wine lees, which are formed in the manufacture of wine by extracting the potassium acid tartrate, transforming this into the calcium salt and then acidifying with dilute sulfuric acid; also by oxidation of d-glucose with nitric acid. The dl-tartaric acid is obtained by boiling the d-tartaric acid with an aqueous solution of NaOH or by oxidation of fumaric acid. The l- and the meso-tartaric acid are also known, but are less important.

定義本品は、次の化学式で表される有機酸である。

定義ChEBI: DL-Tartaric acid is a tetraric acid that is butanedioic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate.