White, crystalline powder. Low solubility in water; good solubility in slightly acid solution. It is stable in crystalline form, suspension, and solution.
安全性と法規制
GHS 分類
WarningH302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 38 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
規制情報
4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 2-3-oxo-3-(phenylmethyl)aminopropylhydrazide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
Hazard Classes and Categories
Acute Tox. 4 (100%)
処分方法
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
相互作用
When administered orally to mice 1 hr before nialamide 100 mg/kg SC two non-selective and nine selective 5-HT uptake inhibitors enhanced the hypermotility produced by nialamide, whereas two inhibitors of NA uptake showed no influence on the nialamide response. Paroxetine was the most potent nialamide potentiator100% increase in motility response was obtained at 0.012 mg/kg. Pretreatment with the 5-HT2 antagonist ritanserin 1 and 10 mg/kg SC reduced the hypermotility produced by nialamide 200 mg/kg SC, but the 5-HT1 antagonist L-propranolol 10 mg/kg administered similarly was found inactive. Nialamide 100 mg/kg was given SC to groups of mice being treated for 4 weeks with paroxetine and lithium given through the diet. At daily intakes of paroxetine and lithium resulting in therapeutic plasma or serum levels a distinctive nialamide potentiation was found.
Drug Induced Liver Injury
Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)NialamidevMost-DILI-concern8WithdrawnDOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ The effects of nialamide, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, on the incidence, number, and histology of gastric cancers induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were investigated in male Wistar rats. Rats were given subcutaneously 50 mg/kg body weight of nialamide in depot form every other day after 25 weeks of oral treatment with MNNG. Prolonged alternate-day administration of nialamide caused a significant increase in the incidence and number of gastric cancers of the glandular stomach in week 52. However, it did not affect the histology of the cancers. Nialamide also caused a significant increase in tissue norepinephrine concentrations in the gastric wall and in the labeling indices of the gastric mucosae. However, nialamide had no influence on serum gastrin levels in the fasting state and after re-feeding. These findings indicate that nialamide promotes gastric carcinogenesis and that this may be related to its effects in increasing norepinephrine in the gastric wall and stimulating proliferation of gastric epithelial cells.
Nialamide is a nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant.
一般的な説明
Nialamide is an antidepressant drug and its effect on β-adrenergic receptor-adenylate cyclase system of rat pineal gland has been studied. Antidepressant action of the combination of nialamide and 5-hydroxytryptophan has been evaluated.
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/ The study of the circadian motor rhythm in free-running conditions of 500 g rats during 6 successive days shows that the endogenous period of the rhythm in these conditions is 23.40 hrs. The two poisons studied (PCPA in 40 mg/100 g dose and nialamide 5 and 10 mg/100 g doses) have both a deep effect on the functioning of the endogenous rhythm. PCPA reduces the amplitude of the increase of night over day activity to a fourth of the control value. The reducation may be attributed either to increased day activity or to reduced night activity. Nialamide reduces the amplitude of this increase to 80 or 70/100 of control value
this was observed with 5 or 10 mg nialamide/100 g body weight. The most important effect of nialamide on the endogenous rhythm lies in the disappearance of the regular shortening of nearly 20 min of the endogenous rhythm in DD conditions. The abrupt transition for LD 12:12 conditions to DD disturbs the endogenous period for 24 hrs.
/GENOTOXICITY/ Five antidepressant agents (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) having a hydrazino group--phenelzine, nialamide, mebanazine, isocarboxazid, and iproniazid--were assayed in four in vivo or in vitro short-term tests predictive of the potential carcinogenicity of chemicals. (1) All the compounds tested except iproniazid, produced DNA fragmentation, as evaluated by the alkaline elution technique, in liver and/or lung cells of mice treated ip or po. (2) All the compounds except mebanazine (which was no longer available for testing) were weak inducers of sister chromatid exchanges in bone marrow cells of mice treated ip. (3) Phenelzine and nialamide elicited base-pair substitutions and mebanazine elicited frameshift errors in his- Salmonella typhimurium. S9 mix containing rat liver, mouse liver, or mouse lung S9 fractions had variable effects on mutagenicity. (4) The same three compounds were positive in a DNA repair bacterial test with five trp- Escherichia coli strains lacking a variety of repair mechanisms (uvrA, polA, recA, lexA) or incorporating plasmids (R391).
/GENOTOXICITY/ The mutagenicity of an antidepressant drug, nialamide, was studied with Salmonella typhimurium TA1535-8. Nialamied was mutagenic for strain TA1535 in the absence of rat liver extracts.
/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ In this morphometric analysis of immunoreactive serotonin (5-HT) and tyrosine hydroxylase neurons in culture, 5-HT and the MAO inhibitor nialamide influenced the survival, cell body size and neurite outgrowth of embryonic day 14 (E14) 5-HT neurons after treatment from 1-3 days in vitro (DIV), but did not significantly affect E14 or E15 tyrosine hydroxylase neurons of either the noradrenergic or dopaminergic phenotype. These treatments had minimal effects on 5-HT neurons derived from E15 embryos. The stimulatory effects of 5-HT on survival and somal growth of E14 5-HT neurons was in contrast to its inhibitory effects on neurite outgrowth, suggesting trophic and inhibitory autoregulation of different cellular compartments of developing 5-HT neurons. The decreased sensitivity of E15 5-HT neurons to these treatments, despite similar viability and growth of these neurons in control cultures, suggests the existence of a critical period for this regulation during the initial period of serotonergic neurogenesis when these neurons are forming the bilateral B4-9 raphe complex. The lack of significant effects of 5-HT on tyrosine hydroxylase neurons suggests differential sensitivities of 5-HT and tyrosine hydroxylase neurons to developmental regulation by this neurotransmitter.
Antidote and Emergency Treatment
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B//SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B//SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/
Non-Human Toxicity Values
LD50 Mouse oral 590 mg/kg /from table/LD50 Mouse iv 120 mg/kg /from table/LD50 Mouse ip 200 mg/kg /from table/LD50 Rabbit ip >150 mg/kg /from table/For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for NIALAMIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
