二りん酸α-[(2E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-テトラメチル-2,6,10,14-ヘキサデカテトラエニル]

解説C20H36O7P2O7(450.4)．ジテルペンの生合成前駆物質．ゲラニル二リン酸よりファルネシル二リン酸を経て生合成される．"イソプレン単位4個を出発物質として，二重結合の異性化，閉環反応，CH2-O結合の不均一開裂などにより，種々の単環性，多環性ジテルペンが生成する．カロテノイドはこの二量化により生合成される．[CAS 6699-20-3]森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）

説明Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) is a potent endogenous regulator of Hmg2p degradation.This work was launched by the unexpected observation that GGPP addition directly to living yeast cultures caused high potency and specific stimulation of Hmg2p degradation. This effect of GGPP was not recapitulated by FPP,GGOH, or related isoprenoids. GGPP-caused Hmg2p degradation met all the criteria for the previously characterized endogenous signal.The action of added GGPP did not require production of endogenous sterol molecules, indicating that it did not act by causing the build-up of an endogenouspathway signal.

使用Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate ammonium salt has been used:in the preparation of 2.5X reaction buffer for Rab GGTase assayto add to the culture to further drive Hmg2 degradationas a substrate to carryout in vitro enzymatic assays for the characterization of the prenyltransferasesto reverse the action of lovastatin and also used to examine the potential role of GGPP in the study to assess the effects of exposing the melanoma cell lines in the angiogenesis model as a co-culture to lovastatinin vitro

純化方法Purify the pyrophosphate by countercurrent distribution between two phases of a butanol/isopropyl ether/ammonia/water mixture (15:5:1:19) (v/v), or by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose (linear gradient of 0.02M KCl in 1mM Tris buffer, pH 8.9). Alternatively purify it through a column of Dowex 1-x8 (formate form previously washed with MeOH) and eluted with a linear gradient of 0.053—0.43M ammonium formate in a total volume of 300mL of MeOH. The purity can be checked by TLC on Silica gel G on buffered plates (pH 6.5), eluted with CHCl3/MeOH/H2O (60:40:9) and developed with I2 vapour. Store it as a powder at 0o. [Altman et al. J Am Chem Soc 94 3257 1972.] Itis more stable as the di(tri-n-butylammonium)hydrogen phosphate salt which can be obtained from the acid by evaporation in a rotary evaporator below 32o [Upper & West J Biol Chem 242 3285 1967]. [Gregonis & Rilling Biochemistry 13 1538 1974, Gregonis & Rilling Biochem Biophys Res Commun 54 449 1973.]