酸化鉄(Ⅱ)〔第一〕

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

All ... /iron/ preparations should be kept in child-proof bottles. /Iron preparations/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Collection of iron dust in lungs ... has been termed siderosis... Siderosis is considered benign condition and does not progress to fibrosis. /Iron oxide fume/

/CASE REPORTS/ ...Two women underwent dermopigmentation on the face in a beauty institution to create pseudo-freckles. Definite macular hyperpigmentation occurred with dyschromia in both subjects.

/CASE REPORTS/ ...Histopathologic studies /were performed/ on a series of three eyelid specimens, including two by a previously undescribed multi-needle pigment delivery system. Light microscopy revealed the epidermis to be pigment-free and the dermis to contain pigment in clumps. Transmission electron microscopy (EM) demonstrated that the pigment was largely in macrophages. Energy-dispersive x-ray micro-analysis showed that in addition to iron and talc, titanium particles were also present. These findings suggest that the pigment is tolerated by the eyelid despite the fact that current pigments are contaminated.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Dogs were injected with iron oxide iv each week for 6-10 weeks, until a total of 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg of iron was administered to each of two dogs. The four dogs were then followed for seven years. Hepatic function tests and biopsies of liver, spleen, pancreas and other organs were performed. Hemochromatosis was not induced, but blindness, with lesions similar to retinitis pigmentosa, developed in all dogs. No control group was included in this study. /Iron oxide, nos/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Ten males and three female /minks/ were fed iron oxide as 0.75% of their diet. Reproduction, whelping, and lactation were seen to be similar to that of controls. Six male and four female pups were then continued on the iron oxide diet until pelting (165 days). Although fur quality and growth were normal, these mink had acute nephrosis and hepatosis at pelting. /Iron oxide, nos/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Ten dogs were fed from 1-9 years on diets containing iron oxide colorant at 570 mg/lb. Daily consumption was estimated at 428 mg/dog. Two Labradors fed one year had loose droppings, otherwise there were no adverse effects observed. /Iron oxide, nos/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Iron and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with lactated Ringer's /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Iron and Related Compounds/

Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Treat shock caused by hemorrhagic gastrointestinitis aggressively with intravenous crystalloid fluids, and replace blood if needed. Patients are often markedly hypovolemic owing to gastrointestinal losses and third spacing of fluids into the intestinal wall and interstitial space. Treat coma, seizures, and metabolic acidosis if they occur. For seriously intoxicated victims (eg, shock, severe acidosis, and/or serum iron > 500-600 mcg/dL) administer deferoxamine. Monitor the urine for the urine for the characteristic orange or pink deferoxamine-iron complex. Therapy may be stopped when the urine returns to normal or when the serum iron level decreases to the normal range. Prolonged deferoxamine has been associated with adult respiratory distress syndrome and Yersinia sepsis.

Activated charcoal is not effective. Ipecac is not recommended, because it can aggravate iron-induced gastrointestinal irritation and interfere with whole bowel irrigation. Consider gastric lavage if product was a liquid formulation or tablets were chewed. Do-not use phosphate-containing solutions for lavage; these may result in life-threatening hypernatremia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia. Bicarbonate and deferoxamine lavage are of doubtful efficacy. Deferoxamine lavage is not effective and may enhance iron absorption. Whole-bowel irrigation is very effective for ingested tablets and may be considered first-line treatment, especially if large numbers of tablets are visible on plain abdominal x-ray. Massive ingestions may lead to concretions or bezoars. Repeated or prolonged whole-bowel irrigation may remove tablets. Endoscopy or surgical gastrotomy is rarely required.

Hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are not effective for removing iron but may be necessary to remove iron-deferoxamine complex in patients with renal failure. Exchange transfusion is occasionally used for massive pediatric ingestions but is of questionable efficacy.

LD50 Rat oral >15 g/kg /Iron oxide, nos/

LD50 Mouse oral >15 g/kg /Iron oxide, nos/

LD50 Rat ip >15 g/kg /Iron oxide, nos/