硝酸リチウム

化学的特性Lithium nitrate is a colorless deliquescent powder, enthalpy of fusion 24.90 kJ/mol; can be prepared by reaction of HNO3 with LiOH or Li2CO3, followed by evaporation to dryness and then heating at ~200°C in vacuum; used in ceramics, pyrotechnics, molten salt baths, rocket propellants, refrigerators. [HAW93] [CRC10] [MER06] [KIR81] [FMC93]

用途分析におけるLiイオン供給源。蛍光X線分析用試料調製酸化剤。電池研究用。

用途分析におけるLiイオン供給源、電池研究用。

用途実験試薬、熱交換媒体、ロケットの推進薬、花火の打ち上げ及びセラミック。また、他の塩とともに加硫のための共晶融解溶液として使用される。硝酸カリウムとの混合物は商品名「SABALITH」として使用される。

使用Lithium nitrate can be used in special pyrotechnic devices to give a red flame. It may also be used in combination with other salts, particularly nitrates, to produce low-melting fused salt mixtures.

一般的な説明A white to light yellow colored crystalline solid. Denser than water. Contact with the material may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. May cause the acceleration of the burning of combustible materials. Prolonged exposure to heat or flames may result in an explosion.

製造方法Lithium nitrate is readily prepared industrially or in the laboratory by the reaction of lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate with nitric acid. The resulting solution is evaporated and the solid is dried to obtain anhydrous lithium nitrate. Lithium nitrate is very soluble in water. The compound absorbs moisture from the air. Below about 30 °C it crystallizes from solution as lithium nitrate trihydrate; above that temperature the anhydrous material precipitates although the question of the existence of a half-hydrate is not entirely settled.

純化方法It crystallises from water or EtOH. Dry it at 180o for several days by repeated melting under vacuum. If it is crystallised from water keeping the temperature above 70o, formation of trihydrate is avoided. The anhydrous salt is dried at 120o and stored in a vacuum desiccator over CaSO4. After the 99% pure salt was recrystallised 3times, it contained: metal (ppm) Ca (1.6), K (1.1), Mo (0.4), Na (2.2). [Donnan & Burt J Chem Soc 83 335 1903.]