グリセロールトリニトラート

Excerpt from ERG Guide 113 [Flammable Materials (Wet / Desensitized Explosive)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 112 [Explosives - Division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.5]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 112 [Explosives - Division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.5]:

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 113 [Flammable Materials (Wet / Desensitized Explosive)]:

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Nitroglycerine:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 112 [Explosives - Division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.5]:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

0.01 [ppm] (Value applies for the sum of the concentrations of Ethylene glycol dinitrate, Nitroglycerin and Propylene glycol dinitrate in the air.)[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

Nitroglycerin injections are practically colorless and stable in their intact containers. The solutions are not explosive. Storage should be at room temperature; the containers should be protected from freezing. Exposure to light, even high intensity light, does not adversely affect nitroglycerin stability. /nitroglycerin injections/

Store at room temp not above 25 °C (77 °F). Do not refrigerate. /Nitroglycerin trans dermal systems/

Nitro-compounds and nitrate ester are cathodically reduced from industrial wastewaters.

Solvent used to remove nitroglycerin from nitration plant effluent was dinitrotoluene.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 113 [Flammable Materials (Wet / Desensitized Explosive)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 112 [Explosives - Division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.5]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 112 [Explosives - Division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.5]:

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Remove all ignition sources. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Alcoholic beverages may precipitate /nitroglycerin/ poisoning and increase its severity.

Some interactions, for which there is quantitative supporting evidence, are not readily explained by direct effect on biotransformation, although this may play contributory role. This appears to be case with interactions between ... Phenobarbitone and ... Nitroglycerin

Alcohol may enhance sensitivity to the hypotensive effects of /nitroglycerin/.

The marked interaction of nitroglycerin with ethanol has prompted investigation of the possible biochemical mechanism of interaction. The activity of liver alcohol dehydrogenase has been shown to be decreased by nitroglycerin levels.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for NITROGLYCERIN (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 180(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.62(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that nitroglycerin is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of nitroglycerin from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.0X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1,380 mg/l(5). Nitroglycerin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Hydrolysis under alkaline conditions may be important based upon half-lives of 37 and 96 days at pH 9 and 25 and 18 °C, respectively(6). Biodegradation of nitroglycerin occurs rapidly using batch reactors and digestors(7,8), but its rate of biodegradation in soil is unknown(SRC). Nitroglycerin (10 ppm initial concn) was completely biodegraded in 13 days using river water and river water/sediment microcosms obtained from a river near a munitions facility(9), which may suggest biodegradation can occur in soils(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 180(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.62(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that nitroglycerin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.0X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1,380 mg/l(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 4(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is expected to be an important environmental fate process under alkaline conditions based on half-lives of 37 and 96 days at pH 9 and 25 and 18 °C, respectively(8). Nitroglycerin was completely biodegraded in 13 days using river water and river water/sediment microcosms obtained from a river near a munitions facility in Virginia(9). Nitroglycerin may undergo photolysis in water slowly in sunlit surface water(9). The half-life for nitroglycerin (5.8 ppm) in distilled water, filtered river water and filtered pond water exposed to sunlight were 116, 57 and 73 days, respectively(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), nitroglycerin, which has a vapor pressure of 2.0X10-4 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase nitroglycerin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase nitroglycerin may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Nitroglycerin absorbs light above 290 nm weakly and may be susceptible to direct photolysis(4), but the kinetics of this reaction in the atmosphere are not known(SRC).

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Nitroglycerin has many adverse effects of significance, most resulting from the vasodilatory effects of the medication. These include:

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

IDENTIFICATION: Glyceryl trinitrate is used as an anti-anginal vasodilating agent. It slightly volatile odorless oily liquid with sweet, aromatic and pungent taste. Soluble in water, ethanol, methanol and miscible with ether, acetone and chloroform. Indications: Prophylaxis and treatment of angina and left ventricular failure. Control of hypertension during cardiac surgery. Congestive cardiac failure unresponsive to usual therapy. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Main risks and target organs: Toxic effects of glyceryl trinitrate are caused by vasodilatation and methemoglobinemia. Venous and arterial vasodilatation causes lowering of blood pressure leading to shock. Heart, blood vessels and red blood cells are the target organs in glyceryl trinitrate poisoning. Summary of clinical effects: Features of poisoning may appear within a few minutes to one hour or more after exposure. There is tachycardia and hypotension followed by bradycardia and collapse. Flushing of the face, headache, dizziness, restlessness, syncope, convulsions and coma may be present. Some of the other features are vomiting, diarrhoea, cyanosis and methaemoglobinaemia and respiratory failure. Effects of glyceryl trinitrate are enhanced by alcohol. Contraindications to the use of glyceryl trinitrate is in patients with hypo, head injury, severe anemia, cerebral hemorrhage and in patients predisposed to closed-angle glaucoma. Intravenous administration contraindicated in constrictive pericarditis and uncorrected hypovolaemia. Routes of entry: Oral: Toxic effects can occur by ingestion. Inhalation: Inhalation of dust may cause toxic effects. Dermal: Toxic effects may occur when absorbed through skin. Prolonged skin contact can cause skin eruptions. Parenteral: Toxic effects can occur by the administration of excessive intravenous doses. Absorption by route of exposure: Oral: Glyceryl trinitrate is readily absorbed from the oral mucosa but rapidly metabolized so that it has only a fleeting duration of action. It is also readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but owing to extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver its bioavailability is reduced. A study involving 5 healthy persons indicated a bioavailability of less than 1% following administration by mouth of glyceryl trinitrate capsule and oral solution. However the weakly pharmacologically active dinitrate metabolites reached relatively high concentrations after oral glyceryl trinitrate administration and it was suggested that these metabolites may be responsible for the activity of oral glyceryl trinitrate. Dermal: Glyceryl trinitrate is also absorbed through the skin from an ointment base. Distribution by route of exposure: The time to peak concentration depends on the route of administration; it occurs after 2 minutes, 40 minutes and one hour after sublingual, oral and dermal administration respectively. Bioavailability is 38% after sublingual and 1% for oral administration. Biological half-life by route of exposure: This drug has a very short plasma half life. Elimination half-life of nitroglycerin is 1.7 to 2.9 minutes. When glyceryl trinitrate was given sublingually peak plasma concentrations appeared within 4 minutes and at least half of the intact glyceryl trinitrate was cleared from the blood in 1 to 3 minutes. Peak plasma concentration following dermal application of 45 mg nitroglycerin ointment occurred in about 1 hour. Metabolism: Glyceryl trinitrate is metabolized by hydrolysis to dinitrates and the mononitrate. The half-life for dinitrate metabolites is about 40 minutes approximately 20 times that of glyceryl trinitrate. Elimination by route of exposure: In 10 healthy volunteers given glyceryl trinitrate 560 ug sublingually, about 22% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine after 24 hours mainly as the mononitrate. Mode of action Toxicodynamics: Glyceryl trinitrate has dilator properties on vascular smooth muscle in virtually all vascular beds. The beneficial effects in therapeutic doses and the effects seen with overdose are attributable to the physiologic consequences of systemic venous and arteriolar vasodilatation. The cardiac preload, systemic blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance all show a progressive decrease. A state of hypotension and circulatory collapse and shock may result. methemoglobinemia may occur in patients following an overdose or after therapy. Pharmacodynamics: Glyceryl trinitrate relaxes smooth muscle including vascular smooth muscle, and reduces systolic blood pressure. It is thought that the anti-anginal effect mainly depends on reducing myocardial oxygen demand by means of peripheral vasodilatation which causes decreased venous return permitting a reduction in left ventricular volume and energy expenditure. The effect of glyceryl trinitrate in relaxing coronary vessels is not considered to increase appreciably coronary blood flow. Interactions: Alcohol enhances the effects of glyceryl trinitrate. Undue dizziness and faint feeling may occur when sublingual nitrates are taken with beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. Complete AV block has been reported after use of sublingual nitrates in patients receiving lignocaine by infusion. Even cardiac asystole may occur. Disopyramide (by producing dryness in mouth) may prevent dissolution of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate tablets. This may also occur with tricyclic antidepressants. Delayed dissolution of glyceryl trinitrate tablets in patients with dry mouths has been reported in a patient taking imipramine and in another patient treated with atropine. A patient developed resistance to the effects of heparin on two occasions directly after intravenous administration of glyceryl trinitrate. The interactions could not be attributed to propylene glycol in the solvent since resistance also occurred during administration of a formulation of glyceryl trinitrate without propylene glycol. Explosion flush has been observed in patients with transdermal patch when electric defibrillation was performed. Main adverse effects: The toxicity of the nitrates is unaffected by the chemical form or by the route of administration and all the nitrates have a common profile of adverse effects. Hypotension, reflex tachycardia and palpitations may occur. Postural hypotension and syncope is seen, especially in elderly patients. Rarely severe bradycardia has been reported. Throbbing headache is quite common. This symptoms is likely to recede as tolerance develops. Peripheral edema is also frequently seen. Transient hypoxemia with precipitation of angina is seen occasionally. Transient cerebral ischemic episodes unrelated to changes in blood pressure are rarely seen. In patients with cerebrovascular disease, it is recommended to initiate treatment with small doses. Although tolerance has long been associated with nitrates, its clinical implications are not clear. Tolerance is best defined as a decreasing pharmacological effect over time, often with a need for an increasing dose to achieve a given action. Tolerance may be partial or incomplete and may occur to one aspect of nitrate therapy and not to others. Disappearance of the throbbing headache is useful. However, due to an attenuation of the antihypertensive effect, these agents are not useful in the long term management of hypertension. The part played by the arterial and venous side of the circulation pertaining to the development of tolerance is not clear. By having a long (approximately 8 hours) nitrate free interval, the development of tolerance may be avoided or reduced. Decreasing the number of daily doses of glyceryl trinitrate also helps to achieve this effect. Sustained release preparations are more likely to produce tolerance than the short acting preparations.

Headache. Nausea. Flushing of the face. Dizziness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Flushing of the face. Headache. Dizziness. Nausea. Vomiting. Shock or collapse.

throbbing headache; dizziness; nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain; hypotension; flush; palpitations; methemoglobinemia; delirium, central nervous system depression; angina; skin irritation

The Koc of nitroglycerin is estimated as 180(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.62(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that nitroglycerin is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Withdrawal of coronary vasodilators such as nitroglycerin ... caused sudden death in industrial workers who were exposed all week on the job and then abstained from the chemical on weekends. They were adapted and dependent on the continuous presence of these cmpds to maintain a minimum level of coronary flow.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ /Symptoms of nitroglycerin toxicity include:/ A prompt fall in blood pressure. A roaring sound in the ears; a headache which is persistent and throbbing, with associated vertigo; a generalized tingling sensation, palpitations, and visual disturbances. The skin is flushed and perspiring, later cold and cyanotic. Nausea and vomiting. The ingestion of nitrites may also cause colic and diarrhea. Syncope, especially when attempting to stand upright. Methemoglobinemia, with attendant cyanosis and anoxia. Hyperpnea; later dyspnea and slow breathing. The pulse may be slow, dicrotic and intermittent. Increased intraocular tension and intracranial pressure. Collapse and coma, followed by clonic convulsions. Death due to circulatory collapse.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Workers without demonstrable organic vascular disease have been reported to have an incr in the incidence of acute coronary syndromes during the 24 to 72 hr period away from the work environment.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Right coronary arterial segments that appeared angiographically normal before admin of nitroglycerin showed narrowing after sublingual admin. Evidence against admin of nitrates before coronary arteriography.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for NITROGLYCERIN (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl nitroglycerin, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

Drug preparations intended for human use containing certain "coronary vasodilators". The Food and Drug Administraton finds that the following "coronary vasodilators" are extensively regarded by physicians as safe and useful as employed under medical supervision for the management of angina pectoris in some patients. Nitroglycerin is included on this list.

U081; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when nitroglycerine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Nitroglycerine

A Commercial Grade

5000

A Commercial Grade

400

Explosive chemical that can be released at a facility.

Used in the production of dynamite and other explosives, rocket fuel and pharmaceuticals; [HSDB]

An OSHA Class A explosive (1910.109).

High explosive, production of dynamite and other explosives

Combating fires in oil wells

Rocket propellants

MEDICATION

2023: 8,500,000 - <10,000,000 lb

(1973) 2.6X10+10 G (EST SALES)

By dropping glycerol through cooled, mixed acid and stirring, followed by repeated washing with water.

It is prepared by continuous two-phase nitration of glycerol in anhydrous mixed acid. The mass ratio of pure anhydrous glycerol (H2O less than 0.5%) and 50:50 mixed acid is 1:5. The product is washed with aqueous sodium carbonate or bicarbonate.

GRADES: TECHNICAL

Nitrostat contains 0.15 mg or 0.3 mg or 0.4 mg or 0.6 mg nitroglycerin and polyethylene glycol 4000 units per tablet.

Nitro-Dur contains 2% w/w nitroglycerin.

Nitroglyn contains 1/10, 1/25 or 1/50 gr nitroglycerin per tablet.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for NITROGLYCERIN (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Explosives Manufacturing

1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1,2,3-trinitrate: ACTIVE