Sodium arsenate

Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear self-contained (positive pressure if available) breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. If water pollution occurs, notify appropriate authorities.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

Warning: Effects usually appear within 30 minutes of exposure but may be delayed for several hours. Caution is advised.

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Inorganic arsenic plus methylated metabolites in urine = 35 ug As/L; end of workweek;

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, liquid, NOS/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

Prompt cleanup and removal are necessary. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

Both arsenate and arsenite can be removed from the water column by co-precipitation or adsorption onto iron oxides. Arsenate species can also be removed by adsorption onto aluminum hydroxide and clays, while arsenite is readily adsorbed onto metal sulfides. /Arsenate and arsenite/

Floors and other accessible surfaces contaminated with inorganic arsenic may not be cleaned by the use of compressed air, and shoveling and brushing may be used only where vacuuming or other relevant methods have been tried and found not to be effective. /Inorganic arsenic compounds/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Recycling: Sodium is precipitated as hydroxides by using an excess of lime water, and the arsenic is precipitated as calcium arsenate and calcium arsenite. This "arsenic sludge" is recycled, on the one hand, in order not to lose the valuable metals, and on the other, in order to reduce the problem of arsenic sludge disposal. The following storage possibilities are available today for arsenic residues that cannot be recycled immediately or at all: 1) special dumps sealed against the penetration of ground water, surface water and rain water; 2) galleries in abandoned salt mines; 3) concrete silos. Recommendable methods: Precipitation, solidification /hazardous waste/, landfill. Not recommendable methods: Thermal destruction, discharge to sewer.

Chemical Treatability of Arsenic; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Pilot Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater + Pure Compound; Results of Study: 5ppm @ 4gpm @ pH= 7.0. Iron system-90% reduction; low lime system-80% reduction; high lime system-76% reduction; (3 coagulant systems were used; Iron system used 45 ppm as Fe of Fe2(SO4)3 @ pH= 6.0. Low lime system used 20 ppm Fe of Fe2(SO4)3 and 260 ppm of CaO @ pH= 10.0. High lime system used 600 ppm of CaO @ pH= 11.5. Chemical coagulation was followed by multimedia filtration). /Arsenic cmpd/

Chemical Treatability of Arsenic; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Full Scale Continuous Flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater; Results of Study: Effluent character (ppb): 2.5, 56% reduction with lime; 3.3, 24% reduction with lime; (lime dose of 350-400 ppm as calcium oxide @ pH= 11.3). /Arsenic cmpd/

Storage: To convert the gas-cleaning residues obtained during the metallurgical processing of arsenic-containing ores into a portable and less water-soluble form, the metals are precipitated as hydroxides by using an excess of lime water and the arsenic is precipitated as calcium arsenate and calcium arsenite. This "arsenic sludge" is recycled, on the one hand, in order not to lose the valuable metals, and on the other, in order to reduce the problem of arsenic sludge disposal. The following storage possibilities are available today for arsenic residues that cannot be recycled immediately or at all: special dumps sealed against the penetration of ground water, surface water and rain water; galleries in abandoned salt mines; concrete silos. In any case the sludge must be dewatered beforehand until it is compact. Recommendable methods: Precipitation, solidification, landfill. Not recommendable: Thermal destruction, discharge to sewer. Peer-review: Soluble arsenic cmpd should be converted to the insoluble sulfide before solidification. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985)) /Arsenates and arsenites/

WELL VENTILATED & ALL POISONOUS FUME ... CONDENSED & DUST CONTENT REMOVED. ... EXHAUST HOODS ... WORKTABLES ... EQUIPPED WITH DOWN-DRAUGHT ... VENTILATION. /ARSENIC CMPD/

IN ... /FACTORIES/ WITH ARSENIC HAZARD, FLOORS ... SHOULD BE ... IMPERMEABLE ... TO PREVENT ABSORPTION & ... FLUSHED DOWN FREQUENTLY WITH WATER. /ARSENIC CMPD/

Lockers should be provided with separate compartments for work & personal clothes, & adjacent sanitary facilities of a high standard should be made available. Smoking, eating, & drinking at the workplace should not be allowed. /Arsenic & cmpd/

Employees exposed to arsenic shall wash their hands and exposed skin before eating or smoking during the work shift. No food shall be permitted in areas where arsenic is handled, processed, or stored. Employees shall not smoke in areas where arsenic is handled, processed, or stored. /Inorganic arsenic/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENATE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

Tolerances for total residues of combined arsenic (calculated as As) in food are established as follows: (a) In edible tissues & in eggs of chickens & turkeys: 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue; 2 ppm in uncooked edible by-products; & 0.5 ppm in eggs. (b) In edible tissues of swine: 2 ppm in uncooked liver & kidney; 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue & by-products other than liver & kidney. /Arsenic/

The teratogenicity of sodium dichromate (2 mg chromium/kg), sodium arsenate (5 mg arsenic/kg) & copper sulfate (2 mg copper/kg) in female Wistar rats was studied following the ip admin of the test cmpds separately & in their various combinations on gestation day 8. The test cmpds administered separately were non-fetotoxic & either non- or weakly teratogenic, whereas arsenate/copper(2+) was both weakly fetotoxic & teratogenic. Dichromate/arsenate & dichromate/arsenate/copper(2+) caused a marked decr in mean fetal wt & an incr incidence of fetal resorption & abnormality formation.

Female Swiss mice were exposed to sodium arsenite or sodium arsenate in drinking water for 15 wk at concns ranging from 0-100 ug/ml arsenic content. After 3 wk of the 15 wk exposure period, the mice were administered urethane (1.5 mg/g) ip. Pulmonary adenoma formation was evaluated 12 wk later. Both forms of arsenic reduced the size & number of pulmonary adenomas observed/mouse. In addition, urethane induced sleeping times which reflect the rate of urethane metab or excretion remained unchanged. This suggests that arsenic exposure does not alter urethane excretion & is not a factor influencing subsequent adenoma formation at these levels of exposure.

BAL subcutaneously injected in mice (50 mg/kg bw, reduced the teratogenic action of simultaneous ip injections of sodium arsenate at a level of 16 mg As/kg bw ... .

Low doses of sodium dichromate (5 mg/kg), sodium arsenate (25 mg/kg), and copper sulfate (5.9 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally in all possible combinations to groups of 6 rats each. With sodium arsenate alone, growth rate did not differ from that of the control; kidney weight was significantly higher (0.94% of total body weight vs 0.87% in controls) and serum creatinine was significantly higher (94.8 + or - 16.3 vs 43.8 + or - 3.9 umol/l in controls). /In sodium arsenate treated animals/, growth rate, relative kidney weight, and serum creatinine levels were similar to those of the controls. In the animals treated with arsenate and copper sulfate, body weight gain followed the course of that with copper alone; kidney weight was the same as in the control group; and serum creatinine was 65.3 + or - 5.1 umol/l. In the group treated with all three chemicals the growth rate and serum creatinine concentration were similar to those of the control group, whereas the kidney weight was 0.92% of total body weight. High doses of each compound were administered with the previously mentioned low doses of the other compounds in all combinations. High doses were 35 mg/kg for sodium dichromate, 9 mg/kg for sodium arsenate, and 23.5 mg/kg for copper sulfate. Whereas no deaths occurred during the low dose study ... . Animals given arsenate alone lost a slight amount of weight and the subsequent growth rate (3.4 + or - 0.7 g/day) was significantly less than that in the controls (5.4 + or - 0.1 g/day). Relative kidney weight was 0.96% of total body weight, compared with 0.87% in the controls. Serum creatinine levels were not significantly elevated. The coadministration of high dose arsenate with low doses of chromium and/or copper had no significant effect on relative kidney weight or serum creatinine concentration as compared with the high dose of arsenate alone.

/HEPTAHYDRATE/ POISONOUS, BUT LESS SO THAN THE ARSENITE.

... AMONG WORKERS IN A FACTORY MANUFACTURING A SOLN OF SODIUM ARSENATE, ... RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION DID NOT REVEAL ANY CASE OF BRONCHOGENIC CARCINOMA.

The ability of arsenic, nickel, & chromium compounds to induce transformation in cultured primary human diploid foreskin cells was studied. All nickel cmpds tested, lead chromate, potassium dichromate, chromic acid, dibasic sodium arsenate, NaAsO2 & N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) caused significant (p= 0.001) dose dependent inductions of anchorage independent colonies. ... Anchorage independent cell strains derived from metal salt treated cells were not resistant to the cytotoxicity of metal salts, indicating metal salts induced rather than selected for anchorage independence. ...

Sodium arsenate, at concn ranging from 6X10-9M to 6X10-8M, caused a small number of chromosomal aberrations (chromatid breaks, chromatid exchanges) in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes ... .

Even though arsenic is a well established carcinogen in humans, there is little evidence for its carcinogenicity in animals and it is inactive as an initiator or tumor promotor in two-stage models of carcinogenicity in mice. Two arsenic salts (sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate) induced a high frequency of methotrexate resistant /mouse/ 3T6 cells, which were shown to have amplified copies of the dihydrofolate reductase gene. Sodium arsenite was active at a lower concn than sodium arsenate. Sodium arsenate induced methotrexate resistant /mouse 3T6/ cell colonies at concentrations of 150 to 300 nM.

Male ICR mice in groups of 5 were given ip or oral doses of four arsenic (As) compounds: Sodium meta- arsenite, 5, 10, and 15 mg arsenic/kg; sodium arsenate, 10, 20, and 30 mg arsenic/kg; sodium dimethylarsenate (DMA), 100, 300, and 500 mg arsenic/kg; sodium methylarsenate, 100, 300, and 500 mg arsenic/kg. The amounts of induced hepatic zinc thioneine were determined. Toxicity for ip administration, as measured by lethality, was in the order of m-arsenite > arsenate > sodium dimethylarsenate > sodium methylarsenate; thus, the inorganic compounds were much more toxic than the organic arsenic compounds. There were no deaths following oral administration. All compounds caused the formation of induced hepatic zinc-thioneine, and induction was not dependent upon the mode of administration of arsenic. Induction was observed at much lower doses of inorganic than organic compounds.

Sprague-Dawley rats were given deionized water containing 40 or 85 ppm sodium arsenate and food ad libitum for 6 wk. Prolonged exposure of rats to sodium arsenate in drinking water for 6 wk resulted in a progressive coproporphyrinuria which was consistent with dose and duration of metal exposure. Urinary coproporphyrin concentrations incr progressively in both 40 and 85 ppm treatment groups, reaching 3.3- and 5.5-fold control levels, respectively, at 5 wk of exposure. Renal coprogen oxidase activity was decreased to 73% and 60% of control kidney enzyme activity at 6 wk following onset of treatment with sodium arsenate at 40 or 85 ppm, respectively. Changes in renal coprogen oxidase activities accompanied an increase in total tissue arsenic concentrations, which reached 7 and 13 ug/g of renal tissue at 40 and 85 ppm respectively, after 5 wk of exposure. Rats injected ip with 75 mg/kg of sodium arsenate showed significantly incr concentrations of urinary coproporphyrin 24 hr after treatment and a substantial decr in renal, but not hepatic, coprogen oxidase activity. Renal coprogen oxidase activity in rats treated acutely with sodium arsenate was decr to 21% of that measured in kidneys of untreated animals. Sodium arsenate added in vitro to mitochondrial preparations of untreated rat livers or kidneys to achieve final concentrations of 0.1 mM, 1.0 mM, or 10.0 mM produced the following % change in coprogen oxidase activity over control values, respectively: in liver, 96, 91, and 84%; and in kidney, 72, 63, and 55%.

Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: sufficient; 2) evidence in animals: limited. Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans. NOTE: This evaluation applies to the group of chemicals as a whole and not necessarily to all individual chemicals within the group. /Arsenic and arsenic compounds/

CLASSIFICATION: A; human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on sufficient evidence from human data. An increased lung cancer mortality was observed in multiple human populations exposed primarily through inhalation. Also, increased mortality from multiple internal organ cancers (liver, kidney, lung, and bladder) and an increased incidence of skin cancer were observed in populations consuming drinking water high in inorganic arsenic. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. /Inorganic Arsenic/ /Based on former classification system/

A1: Confirmed human carcinogen. /Arsenic and inorganic compounds, as As/

Evaluation: There is sufficient evidence in humans that arsenic in drinking-water causes cancers of the urinary bladder, lung and skin ... Overall evaluation: Arsenic in drinking-water is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). /Arsenic in drinking-water/

For more Evidence for Carcinogenicity (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Sodium arsenate is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0132; Pesticide type: fungicide (wood perservative); Registration Standard Date: 06/01/88, 09/10/86; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Sodium arsenate; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, liquid, NOS/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Sodium arsenate is included on this list.

(a) The owner or operator of an existing glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 2.5 Mg (2.7 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/

(b) The owner or operator of a new or modified glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 0.4 Mg (0.44 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/

The owner or operator of each copper converter subject to the provisions of this subpart shall reduce inorganic arsenic emissions to the atmosphere by meeting the following design, equipment, work practice, and operational requirements: (1) Install, operate, and maintain a secondary hood system on each copper converter. Each secondary hood system shall consist of a hood enclosure, air curtain fan(s), exhaust system fan(s), and ductwork that conveys the captured emission to a control device ... (2) Optimize the capture of secondary inorganic arsenic emission by operating the copper converter and secondary hood systems at all times ... . /Inorganic arsenic/

For more Atmospheric Standards (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. /Sodium arsenate, CAS No. 7631-89-2/

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Arsenic & cmpd/

For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcinogenic effects due to exposure of arsenic through ingestion of contaminated water & contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concn should be zero based on the nonthreshold assumption for this chemical. However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated at 1X10-5, 1X10-6, & 1X10-7. The corresponding criteria are 22 ng/l, 2.2 ng/l, & .22 ng/l, respectively .... For consumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 175 ng/ml, 17.5 ng/l, & 1.75 ng/l, respectively. /Arsenic/

D004; A solid waste containing arsenic may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

(AZ) ARIZONA 10 ug/L /Arsenic/

(CT) CONNECTICUT 10 ug/L /Arsenic/

10 ug/L /Arsenic/

Maximum Contaminant Level: 0.010 mg/L /Arsenic/