りん酸/カリウム

Cosmetic ingredients (Potassium Phosphate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Buffering

Between 4,2 and 4,8 (1 % solution)

pH = 4.4 to 4.7

2.34 g/cu cm

2.34 g/cm³

Colorless crystals or white granular powder

White tetragonal crystals

Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol

Solubility: 18 g/100g water /Monopotassium phosphate anhydrous/

Soluble in about 4.5 parts water; insoluble in alcohol

Solubility: 25 g/100 cc water at 25 °C. Slightly soluble in ethanol

Solubility in water, g/100ml: 22

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

253 °C

253 °C

253 °C

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 90.7% (794 of 875) of all reports.

Not Classified

Aggregated GHS information provided per 875 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Chemical: Phosphoric acid, monopotassium salt

Phosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Phosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Phosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:?) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Phosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:?) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 11-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15471

Potassium phosphate, monobasic: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; [ICSC] Emergency treatment: Inorganic phosphates; Inorganic phosphates can cause diarrhea, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia after ingestion; An adult died after receiving four sodium phosphate enemas within 24 hours; he had electrolyte abnormalities and died from cardiac arrest; [HSDB]

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl potassium phosphate, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

Potassium phosphates (mono, di, and tribasic) are indirect food additives for use only as components of adhesives.

Residues of potassium phosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: buffer. Limit: none.

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on all food commodities when applied as a fungicide in accordance with good agricultural practices.

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink.

Water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam as appropriate for surrounding fire and materials.

As with all fires, evacuate personnel to a safe area. Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and protective clothing.

Store at 20 to 25 °C (68 to 77 °F); excursions permitted to 15 to 30 °C (59 to 86 °F).

Store in tight container as defined in the USP-NF. This material should be handled and stored per label instructions to ensure product integrity.

Potassium phosphates injection should be stored at controlled room temperature. /Potassium phosphates/

Wear approved respiratory protection, chemically compatible gloves and protective clothing. Wipe up spillage or collect spillage using high efficiency vacuum cleaner. Avoid breathing dust. Place spillage in appropriately labeled container for disposal. Wash spill site.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

As a general rule, when handling USP Reference standards avoid all contact and inhalation of dust, mist and or vapors associated with the material. Wash thoroughly after handling.

This material is assumed to be combustible. As with all dry powders it is advisable to ground mechanical equipment in contact with dry material to dissipate the potential build up of static electricity.

/Wear/ chemically compatible gloves, safety glasses or goggles and protect exposed skin.

Potassium supplements should not be administered to patients receiving potassium-sparing drugs such as amiloride, spironolactone, and triamterene. /Potassium Supplements/

Concurrent use with potassium and sodium phosphates combination or monobasic potassium phosphate may increase plasma concentrations of salicylates since salicylate excretion is decreased in acidified urine; addition of these phosphates to patients stabilized on a salicylate may lead to toxic salicylate concentrations.

Concurrent use with foods or medicines containing phosphates will decrease iron absorption because of the formation of less soluble or insoluble complexes; iron supplements should not be taken within 1 hour before or 2 hours after ingestion of phosphates. /Phosphates/

Use of potassium phosphates injection in digitalized patients with severe or complete heart block is not recommended because of possible hyperkalemia. /Phosphates/

For more Interactions (Complete) data for MONOPOTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50; Species: Capitella capitata (Polychaete worm); Conditions: static; Concentration: 2400 ug/L for 28 days

LC50; Species: Neanthes arenaceodentata (Polychaete worm); Conditions: static; Concentration: 1900 ug/L for 28 days

LC50; Species: Neanthes grubei (Polychaete); Conditions: static; Concentration: 920 ug/L for 28 days

LC50; Species: Stauronereis rudolphi (Polychaete); Conditions: static; Concentration: 2100 ug/L for 28 days

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for MONOPOTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the following 31 ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics as described in this safety assessment, when formulated to be non-irritating...Potassium Phosphate...

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

Cough.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Nausea.

Monopotassium dihydrogenphosphate sorption was measured on soil and peat with the following results: 440 ug/g (Sceptre soil; 4.5% organic matter; 49% clay); 440 ug/g Melfort soil; 10% organic matter; 46% clay); 375 ug/g (Saskatchewan peat; characteristics not specified)(1).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The bioavailability and clinical effects of potassium phosphate monobasic and potassium phosphate dibasic were tested in 16 parenterally fed low birth weight infants at standard (n=8) and high levels (n=8) of mineral intakes using a constant infusion of macronutrients and vitamin D in a crossover design of 2 four-day periods. With standard intakes of calcium (35 mg/kg/day) and phosphorus (30 mg/kg/day) there was no difference between the monobasic and dibasic regimens on balance data or plasma biochemical monitoring. With the use of the monobasic regimen, the mineral intakes were doubled without precipitation in the infusate. This led to increased apparent retention of both calcium and phosphorus compared with that for standard levels of mineral intake. The improvement in calcium-phosphorus balance was accompanied by more severe calciuria and by metabolic compensation for an increased acid load. In addition to the possibility of exceeding the buffering capacity of the infant, this relative acidosis could also be evidence of improved bone mineralization.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The effects of intravenous administration of potassium phosphate in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis were studied in nine children, ages 9 9/12 to 17 10/12 yr. During phosphate infusion (20--40 mEq/L of fluid), all children maintained normal serum concentrations of phosphorus. Transient hypocalcemia occurred in six and transient hypomagnesemia in five patients. One child developed carpopedal spasms refractory to intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate but responsive to intramuscular injection of magnesium sulfate. In three patients, serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone were low at the time of hypocalcemia, an observation that suggests transient hypoparathyroidism. This study indicates that the use of potassium phosphate as the sole source of potassium replacement might potentiate ketoacidosis-induced hypocalcemia through multiple mechanisms.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Adverse reactions involve the possibility of combined potassium and phosphorus intoxication from overdosage. The signs and symptoms of potassium intoxication include paresthesias of the extremities, flaccid paralysis, listlessness, mental confusion, weakness and heaviness of the legs, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, heart block, electrocardiographic abnormalities such as disappearance of P waves, spreading and slurring of the QRS complex with development of a biphasic curve and cardiac arrest. Phosphorus intoxication results in a reduction of serum calcium, and the symptoms are those of hypocalcemic tetany.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /In potassium poisoning/ respirations are initially accelerated but skeletal muscle weakness may advance to stage of paralysis. /Potassium salts/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for MONOPOTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Potassium ... phosphate cause severe ulceration in the GI tract at a level equivalent to 1000 mg K+ ion when given to monkeys in form of a pill.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ Monopotassium phosphate showed no maternal toxicity or teratogenic effects at dose levels up to 320 mg/kg bw in mice and 282 mg/kg bw in rats.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ ... Monopotassium phosphate /was/ not teratogenic in the developing chicken embryo.

/GENOTOXICITY/ Monocalcium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and monosodium phosphate were not mutagenic in an in vitro assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D4 and Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 with and without the addition of mammalian metabolic activation preparation.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for MONOPOTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Potassium supplements are contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment with oliguria, anuria, or azotemia; untreated chronic adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison';s disease); the hyperkalemic form of familial periodic paralysis or other hyperkalemias; acute dehydration; heat cramps; or extensive tissue breakdown such as severe burns. /Potassium Supplements/

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of monopotassium dihydrogen phosphate is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Remove patient from contact with the material. Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related Compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for MONOPOTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1

PPRTV Current

4

PPRTV Current

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl potassium phosphate, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

Potassium phosphates (mono, di, and tribasic) are indirect food additives for use only as components of adhesives.

Residues of potassium phosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: buffer. Limit: none.

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on all food commodities when applied as a fungicide in accordance with good agricultural practices.

Adequate Intakes (AIs) /for/ infants: 100 mg/day /for/ 0 to 6 mo /and/ 275 mg/day /for/ 7 to 12 mo. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) /for/ children: 460 mg/day /for/ 1 to 3 yr /and/ 500 mg/day /for/ 4 to 8 yr; /for/ adults: 1250 mg/day /for/ 9 to 18 yr /and/ 700 mg/day /for above/ 19 yr; /during/ pregnancy and lactation: 1250 /for/ 14 to 18 yr /and/ 700 mg/day /for/ 19 to 50 yr. /Phosphorus/

Although full-term infants suffering intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are routinely fed high-protein (HP) formulas to ensure catch-up growth, the effects of HP intake are poorly understood. An IUGR piglet model provides an opportunity to investigate these effects. Twelve IUGR piglets were artificially fed HP formulas (50% more protein in comparison to sow milk) from the 2nd day of life (d2) until d28. Unexpectedly, all HP piglets developed poor growth, severe hypotonia and polypnea between d10 and d16. One third died spontaneously. This syndrome was investigated to understand its pathophysiology and to adopt a strategy to restore health. Blood and urine biochemistry and amino acid concentrations were investigated in 10 HP piglets and 8 piglets that were fed a normal-protein (NP) formula. In comparison to NP piglets, HP piglets showed significant hypokalemia (2.7 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.6 mmol/L; p < 0.01), hypophosphatemia (1.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.0 +/- 0.3 mmol/L; p > 0.01), hypercalcemia (3.0 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/L; p < 0.01), hyperammonemia (365 +/- 4 vs. 242 +/- 15 umol/L; p < 0.05), elevated blood urea (6.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.4 mmol/L; p < 0.01) and elevated taurine concentrations (50.2 +/- 8.5 vs. 17.7 +/- 2.7 umol/L; p < 0.01). These altered parameters indicated inadequate potassium and phosphorus dietary supplies in HP piglets. When the HP formula was supplemented with monocalcium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate (HP-sup), serum biochemistry was normalized in piglets fed this formula (n = 8). This experimental strategy restored growth in IUGR piglets fed HP-sup, without a toxic effect. The current findings suggest that use of an HP formula without a proportional increase in its phosphorus and potassium content induces pathology similar to the refeeding syndrome in IUGR piglets.

Potassium is the principal intracellular cation. It helps transport dextrose across the cell membrane and contributes to normal renal function.

Potassium is the major cation of intracellular fluid and is essential for maintenance of acid-base balance, isotonicity, and electrodynamic characteristics of the cell. Potassium is an important activator in many enzymatic reactions and is essential to a number of physiologic processes including transmission of nerve impulses; contraction of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles; gastric secretion; renal function; tissue synthesis; and carbohydrate metabolism. /Potassium Supplements/

For more Bionecessity (Complete) data for MONOPOTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Potassium is the major cation of intracellular fluid and is essential for maintenance of acid-base balance, isotonicity, and electrodynamic characteristics of the cell. Potassium is an important activator in many enzymatic reactions and is essential to a number of physiologic processes including transmission of nerve impulses; contraction of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles; gastric secretion; renal function; tissue synthesis; and carbohydrate metabolism. Phosphate is a major intracellular anion that participates in providing energy for metabolism of substrates and contributes to important metabolic and enzymatic reactions in almost all organs and tissues. Phosphate exerts a modifying influence on calcium concentrations, a buffering effect on acid-base equilibrium, and has a major role in the renal excretion of hydrogen ions.

hosphorus has a number of important functions in the biochemistry of the body. The bulk of the body's phosphorus is located in the bones, where it plays a key role in osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities. Enzymatically catalyzed phosphate-transfer reactions are numerous and vital in the metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein, and a proper concentration of the anion is of primary importance in assuring an orderly biochemical sequence. ln addition, phosphorus plays an important role in modifying steady-state tissue concentrations of calcium. Phosphate ions are important buffers of the intracellular fluid, and also play a primary role in the renal excretion of the hydrogen ion. Oral administration of inorganic phosphates increases serum phosphate levels. Phosphates lower urinary calcium levels in idiopathic hypercalciuria.

A chemical system that functions to control the levels of specific ions in solution. When the level of hydrogen ion in solution is controlled the system is called a pH buffer.

Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher&apos;s Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

Potassium salts are well absorbed from the GI tract. Ingested phosphates are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. However, the presence of large amounts of calcium or aluminum may lead to formation of insoluble phosphate and reduce the net absorption. Vitamin D stimulates phosphate absorption.

Renal (90%) and fecal (10%) Phosphates Potassium is excreted mainly by the kidneys. Small amounts of potassium may be excreted via the skin and intestinal tract, but most of the potassium excreted into the intestine is later reabsorbed.

Potassium first enters the extracellular fluid and is then actively transported into the cells where its concentration is up to 40 times that outside the cell. Dextrose, insulin, and oxygen facilitate movement of potassium into cells.

Phosphates are rapidly cleared by dialysis. Dialysis can also be used to treat other electrolyte abnormalities such as hypernatremia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia.

Intravenously infused phosphorus not taken up by the tissues is excreted almost entirely in the urine.

Potassium salts are well absorbed from the GI tract. ... Potassium first enters the extracellular fluid and is then actively transported into the cells where its concentration is up to 40 times that outside the cell. Dextrose, insulin, and oxygen facilitate movement of potassium into cells. In healthy adults, plasma potassium concentrations generally range from 3.5-5 mEq/L. Plasma concentrations up to 7.7 mEq/L may be normal in neonates. ... Potassium is excreted mainly by the kidneys. The cation is filtered by the glomeruli, reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, and secreted in the distal tubule, the site of sodium-potassium exchange. Tubular secretion of potassium is also influenced by chloride ion concentration, hydrogen ion exchange, acid-base equilibrium, and adrenal hormones. Healthy patients on potassium-free diets usually excrete 40-50 mEq of potassium daily. ... Small amounts of potassium may be excreted via the skin and intestinal tract, but most of the potassium excreted into the intestine is later reabsorbed. /Potassium Supplements/

CIR ingredient: Potassium Phosphate

Used in buffers (determination of pH, pharmaceutical production, urinary acidifier, paper processing, baking powder, and food), nutrient solutions, yeast foods, special liquid fertilizers, sonar systems and other electronic applications; [HSDB] Used as a nutritional supplement in foods, a nonlinear optical material for laser use, and in wastewater treatment; [CHEMINFO]

Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]

For monopotassium phosphate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 076413) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

In buffers for determination of pH. Pharmaceutic aid (buffering agent).

Baking powder; nutrient solutions; yeast foods; buffer and sequestrant, lab reagent.

2023: 40,000,000 - <55,000,000 lb

2023: 326,627 lb

(1976) 1.82-2.72X10+9 GRAMS (CONSUMPTION)

(1990) >10 thousand-500 thousand pounds

(1994) >10 thousand-500 thousand pounds

(1998) >10 thousand-500 thousand pounds

Adhesion/cohesion promoter

Anti-scaling agent

Potassium monophosphates are usually produced by the same process as the corresponding sodium salts, i.e., from phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide. For KH2PO4, the cheaper potassium chloride is also used instead of KOH. Various methods have been suggested for quantitative removal of the hydrogen chloride formed: use of ion exchangers, long-chain tertiary amines, or distillation with octane.

Action of phosphoric acid on potassium carbonate.

Injection, 4.4 mEq of potassium ion and 3 mM of phosphorus (provided by potassium phosphate, monobasic 224 mg and potassium phosphate, dibasic 236 mg/mL.

Grades: Technical, CP, FCC (Food Chemicals Codex)

First Choice Foliar Supreme Fungucide (Loveland Products, Inc.) Potassium phosphate, monobasic 31.1%, Sulfur 31.1%

Ekspunge (Lidochem, Inc.) Potassium phosphate, monobasic 100%

First Choice Phortress Fungicide (Loveland Products, Inc.) Potassium phosphate, monobasic 40.8%, Mono- and di- potassium salts of phosphorous acid 28.1%

Food additives

Animal Drugs -> FDA Approved Animal Drug Products (Green Book) -> Active Ingredients

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; SEQUESTRANT; YEAST_FOOD -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; SEQUESTRANT; YEAST_FOOD -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; SEQUESTRANT; YEAST_FOOD -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; SEQUESTRANT; YEAST_FOOD -> JECFA Functional Classes

Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Petroleum Refineries

Phosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:1): ACTIVE

Phosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:?): ACTIVE