ビタミンK1

Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Vitamins; Antifibrinolytic Agents

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

Chemical: Vitamin K

Vitamin K: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

Currently, there is no known toxicity is associated with high doses of vitamin K1 or vitamin K2. Therefore, there is no designated upper intake level (UL). Despite this, an allergic reaction is possible with either version of vitamin K. Vitamin K1 has had documented associations with bronchospasm and cardiac arrest with IV administration. The oral form of vitamin K does not seem to cause severe reactions.

Subcutaneous, Intramuscular, Intravenous injection. Oral phylloquinone is adequately absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract only if bile salts are present. After absorption, phylloquinone is initially concentrated in the liver, but the concentration declines rapidly. Very little vitamin K accumulates in tissues.

Vitamin K toxicity is extremely rare. The only reported toxicity comes from menadione, which has no use in humans. Its toxicity is thought to be associated with its water-soluble properties. When toxicity does occur, it manifests with signs of jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia, hemolytic anemia, and kernicterus in infants.

Vitamin K is an essential cofactor for the gamma-carboxylase enzymes which catalyze the posttranslational gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in inactive hepatic precursors of coagulation factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX and X. Gamma-carboxylation converts these inactive precursors into active coagulation factors which are secreted by hepatocytes into the blood. Supplementing with Phylloquinone results in a relief of vitamin K deficiency symptoms which include easy bruisability, epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding, menorrhagia and hematuria.

Vitamin K substances

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 76: (2000) Some Antiviral and Antineoplastic Drugs, and Other Pharmaceutical Agents

2000

1999

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

◉ Summary of Use during Lactation

◈ What is vitamin K?

Agents that prevent fibrinolysis or lysis of a blood clot or thrombus. Several endogenous antiplasmins are known. The drugs are used to control massive hemorrhage and in other coagulation disorders.

Organic substances that are required in small amounts for maintenance and growth, but which cannot be manufactured by the human body.