ナイスタチン

化学的特性This substance is a yellow or yellow-brown powder with a unique smell and the ability to absorb moisture. It dissolves to a small extent in water, methanol, and ethanol, but cannot dissolve in acetone, ether, or chloroform. It is not stable when exposed to air, light, heat, water, acid, or alkali.

解説C47H75NO17(926.11)．Streptomyces nourseiやその他の放線菌の培養液から単離されるポリエン系抗生物質．白色～淡黄色の結晶．160 ℃ から徐々に，250 ℃ までに分解する．[α]25D＋21°(ピリジン)．λmax 290，307，322 nm(エタノール)．水，エタノールに難溶，DMFに可溶．熱，光，空気に不安定である．酸，アルカリにより分解される．抗真菌剤で消化管カンジダ症治療薬として使用される．LD50 ＞ 9000 mg/kg(マウス，経口)．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）

用途細胞生物学の研究では、ナイスタチンは哺乳動物細胞の脂質ラフトカベオラ（英語版）エンドサイトーシス経路の阻害剤として、3μg/mL前後の濃度で使用されている。 特定の場合、ナイスタチンは美術品の防黴に応用される。 ナイスタチンは電気生理学の分野では細胞の穿孔パッチクランプ記録法に利用される。

用途ナイスタチンは，マイコスタチンともいう。真菌症治療用抗生物質である。クリプトコッカス，ヒストプラスマ，ブラストマイセスなどに対し，1.5～6.5 μg/ml で効力を示す。耐薬性は通常みられない。消化管，皮膚，粘膜から吸収されないので，局所に適用する。経口投与では，副作用として胃腸障害，過敏症状がみられることがある。

説明Nystatin was found in the mycelium of Streptomyces noursei in 1950 and produced on an industrial scale by Squibb & Sons Co. in 1954. This antibiotic was used orally and topically as the first clinically applied polyene macrolide with antifungal properties. Nystatin shows activity against Candida and filamentous fungi and is used to treat Candida infections of the mouth, digestive organs, and vagina. The application of nystatin in combination with gentamicin and vancomycin to sterilize the gut in perioperation of bone-marrow transplantation has been developed recently.

使用Polyene antifungal antibiotic complex containing 3 biologically active components, A1, A2, A3. Increases the permeability of the cell membrane of sensitive fungi by binding to sterols. Cell culture tested. Growth promotant. Nystatin A1 is shown.

一般的な説明Nystatin (Mycostatin) is a polyene antibiotic that was first isolated in 1951 from a strain of the actinomycete Streptomyces noursei by Hazen and Brown.33 It occurs as a yellow to light tan powder. Nystatin is very slightly soluble in water and sparingly soluble in organic solvents. The compound is unstable to moisture, heat, and light. The aglycone portion of nystatin is called nystatinolide. The complete structure of nystatin has been determined by chemical degradation and x-ray crystallography.35 Nystatin is not absorbed systemically when administered by the oral route. It is nearly insoluble under all conditions. It is also too toxic to be administered parenterally. Hence, it is used only as a topical agent. Nystatin is a valuable agent for the treatment of local and gastrointestinal monilial infections caused by C. albicans and other Candida species. For the treatment of cutaneous and mucocutaneous candidiasis, it is supplied as a cream, an ointment, and a powder. Vaginal tablets are available for the control of vaginal candidiasis. Oral tablets and troches are used in the treatment of gastrointestinal and oral candidiasis. Combinations of nystatin with tetracycline can be used to prevent monilial overgrowth caused by the destruction of bacterial microflora of the intestine during tetracycline therapy.