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解説天然には硝石として産出する.カリウムの炭酸塩または水酸化物に硝酸を作用させて濃縮すると得られる硝酸カリウム.硝酸カリウム,無色の斜方晶系柱状晶.密度2.11 g cm-3.129 ℃ で三方晶系に転移する.融点339 ℃.400 ℃ 以上に強熱すると亜硝酸カリウムとなる.水に易溶,エタノールに微溶.硝石という名前で黒色火薬の主成分である.また,マッチや花火(赤紫色)の製造,焼入れ熱処理剤,ガラス,窯業,寒剤,食品添加物,医薬品,分析試薬,肥料などにも用いられる.森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)
用途1) 黒色火薬、マッチ、花火などの火工品の製造。2) ガラス、ウワグスリの原料、ガラスの清澄剤。3) 熱処理剤。4) 寒剤および肉類の肉色固定剤。5) 酸化剤。6) 医薬用。7)分析試薬。
用途分析試料前処理(酸化)剤、助燃剤、医薬品原料。
説明Potassium nitrate is a solid, colorless, crystalline ionic compound that exists as the mineral niter.Potassium nitrate is also known as saltpeter. The name saltpeter comes from the Latin sal petrae, meaning salt of stone or salt of Petra. he term saltpeter or Chilean saltpeter is also used for sodium nitrate, NaNO3.
来歴Saltpeter’s most prominent use in human history is as the principal ingredient in gunpowder.The potassium nitrate used in gunpowder was originally obtained from natural mineral deposits of niter. Small quantities formed as efflorescence deposits on damp stone walls were identified as early as 2000 b.c.e. in Sumerian writings. As the use of black powder expanded with the development of weapons, the demand for saltpeter exceeded supply. This was exacerbated during times of war. To meet the demand for saltpeter to produce black powder, a saltpeter industry developed that followed prescribed methods to produce large quantities of saltpeter. The method depended on processing dirt obtained from areas where nitrates would naturally form. These were areas in which animal waste had accumulated such as the dirt floors of barns, stables, herding pens, caves, or cellars. The ammonia compounds in the urine and fecal wastes in these areas underwent nitrifi cation to produce nitrates, which combined with potassium in the soil to form saltpeter.
使用Potassium Nitrate is a preservative and color fixative in meats which exists as colorless prisms or white granules or powder. it has a solubility of 1 g in 3 ml of water at 25°c. see nitrate.
一般的な説明A white to dirty gray crystalline solid. Water soluble. Noncombustible, but accelerates the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in fire or the combustible material is finely divided an explosion may result. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires. Used in solid propellants, explosives, fertilizers.
1. 酸化剤 硝酸カリウムは特に「黒色火薬」の酸化剤として古くから使われてきましたが、銃火器向けとしては無煙火薬のコルダイトなどに置き換わっています。 2. 食品添加物 食品分野では「食肉の発色剤および防腐剤」として使われています。また、チーズ製造の際に「発酵調整剤」として使用されることがあります。 3. 肥料 硝酸カリウムは肥料としても幅広く利用されており、と窒素の供給源として水耕栽培などで使用されています。や、その他の植物に有害な成分が含まれておらず、塩化物に敏感な作物には特に必要とされます。 4. その他 他にも「強化ガラス」「医薬品」「太陽光発電などの蓄熱媒体」「釉薬」「熱処理剤」「寒剤」「歯の」など、幅広い用途に使用されています。また、歯の過敏症を抑える目的で歯磨き粉に硝酸カリウムが含まれている場合もあります。
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読み込み中…
化学的特性Potassium nitrate is an odorless, flammable, water-soluble, white or colorless crystals with saline taste that melt at 337°C. Used in pyrotechnics, explosives, and matches, as a fertilizer, and as an analytical reagent.
化学性质白色固体、水に易溶、エタノール?エーテルに難溶、グリセリンに溶ける。強力な酸化剤
Potassium nitrate may be produced by several methods. It is made commercially by reacting potassium chloride with nitric acid at high temperature.Nitrosyl chloride, a product obtained in the reaction, is converted into chlorine in this manufacturing process. Also, nitric acid is partly recycled in the process. The reactions are (Dancy, W.B. 1981. Potassium Compounds. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd. ed. Pp. 939-42. New York: Wiley Interscience):3KCl + 4HNO3 →3KNO3+ Cl2+ NOCl + 2H2O2NOCl + 4HNO3→6NO2+ Cl2+ 2H2O4NO2+ O2+ 2H2O →4HNO3Potassium nitrate also can be prepared by mixing a hot saturated solution of potassium chloride and sodium nitrate. The reaction is:K++ Clˉ+ Na++ NO3ˉ→NaCl↓+ K++ NO3ˉSodium chloride is less soluble than KCl, NaNo3and KNo3. It separates out by crystallization. The remaining solution is cooled to ambient tempera-ture. Potassium nitrate crystallizes out.
合成方法塩化カリウムを熱湯に溶解し、硝酸ナトリウムを加え、塩化ナトリウムを析出分離したのち、硝酸カリウムを結晶化させる
純化方法It crystallises from hot H2O (0.5mL/g) on cooling (cf KNO2 below). Dry it for 12hours under vacuum at 70o. The solubility in H2O is 13.3% at 0o, 110% at 60o, and 246% at 100o. After two recrystallisations, technical grade salt had
定義本品は、硝酸のカリウム塩であり、次の化学式で表される。
定義ChEBI: The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.