キシリジン (混合物)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Use water spray, carbon dioxide, foam, powder.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Xylidine:

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Methemoglobin in blood = 1.5% of hemoglobin during or at end of shift. [ACGIH]

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or CO2. Wear full protective clothing.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated location. Separate from acids, oxidizing materials, and hypochlorite mixtures. Outside or detached storage is preferred.

Environmental considerations - land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.

Environmental considerations - water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Disposal methods: incineration. A). Dissolve in such combustible solvent as alcohols, benzene, etc. Spray solvent into the furnace with afterburner and scrubber. B). Pour into a mixture of sand and soda ash (9:1). After mixing, put into a paper carton stuffed full with packing paper to serve as fuel. Burn in the furnace.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for XYLIDINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), estimated Koc values ranging from 52 to 240(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicate that xylidine is expected to have high to medium mobility in soil(SRC). However, anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(3,4), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC). Volatilization of xylidine may be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(5). Xylidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on measured vapor pressures ranging from 0.028 to 0.15 mm Hg for the six isomers(SRC). Limited data suggest that xylidine may biodegrade in soil under aerobic conditions(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), estimated Koc values ranging from 52 to 240(SRC) indicate that xylidine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). However, aromatic amine groups are recognized as having a strong affinity for organic carbon, suggesting that this compound may bind strongly to suspended organic material in water(2,3). Xylidine may volatilize from water surfaces(4,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(5). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 16 and 120 days, respectively(4,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), estimated and measured BCF values for the six isomers(6,SRC), suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Limited biodegradation data indicate that xylidine may be biodegraded under aerobic conditions in aquatic systems(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to occur due to lack of functional groups to hydrolyze(7,SRC). As a class, aromatic amines react relatively rapidly in sunlit natural water via reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and peroxy radicals(8); typical half-lives for peroxy radical and hydroxyl radical reactions are on the order of 19 and 30 sunlight hours, respectively(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), xylidine, which has vapor pressures ranging from 0.028 to 0.15 mm Hg at 25 °C for the six isomers(2,SRC), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase xylidine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is expected to be about 2.0 hours based on the estimated half-lives for the six isomers(3,SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body in hazardous amounts by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Dizziness. Drowsiness. Headache. Nausea.

MAY BE ABSORBED! See Ingestion.

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Headache. Nausea. Unconsciousness.

Anoxia, cyanosis, methemoglobinemia; lung, liver, kidney damage

Xylidines, unspecified isomers, were detected in coal-derived liquids, mainly from liquification and hydrocarbonization processes(1). 2,6-Xylidine, 3,4-xylidine and 2,3-xylidine were identified at unreported concentrations in Latakia tobacco smoke(2). 2,5-xylidine has been detected in the steam distillate of cured Latakia tobacco, which is used in pipe tobaccos, at unreported concentrations(2).

Initial medical examination: A complete history & physical examination. The purpose is to detect existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk, and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. Exam of the blood, lungs, liver, kidneys, and cardiovascular system should be stressed. ... Periodic medical exam ... should be repeated on an annual basis.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for the six isomers of xylidine was estimated to range from 52 to 240(SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(2), these estimated Koc values suggest that xylidine is expected to have high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). However, anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or soil organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(4,5). Low adsorption is observed at a neutral pH with pure clay minerals or soils for substituted anilines(5).

In humans, the onset of xylidine intoxication may be insidious, in that early warning signs of methemoglobinemia such as headache and dizziness are not always interpreted as being due to overexposure, and even mild cyanosis may not be recognized.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Xylidine is included on this list.

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, use, and exposure to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.

Used to produce dyes, drugs, and organic chemicals; [ACGIH]

As a gasoline additive

Use in manufacture of curing agents, antioxidants, and antiozonants.

Use in polymer production

In organic synthesis in preparation of wood preservatives, wetting agents for textiles, frothing agents for ore dressing, special lacquers, and metal complexes.

For more Uses (Complete) data for XYLIDINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing

Benzenamine, ar,ar-dimethyl-: ACTIVE