プレドニゾン

解説プレドニソン,白色の結晶．分解点226～232 ℃．[α]D25"＋186°(ジオキサン)．λmax 238 nm(ε 16100)．水に難溶，エタノール，クロロホルムに可溶．副じん皮質ホルモン作用のうち，糖質コルチコイド作用が強く抗アレルギー作用，抗炎症作用を呈する．リウマチ性疾患，皮膚疾患，ぜん息などの治療薬に用いられる．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）

用途薬理研究用。

来歴The first isolation and structure identifications of prednisone and prednisolone were done in 1950 by Arthur Nobile. The first commercially feasible synthesis of prednisone was carried out in 1955 in the laboratories of Schering Corporation, which later became Schering-Plough Corporation, by Arthur Nobile and coworkers. They discovered that cortisone could be microbiologically oxidized to prednisone by the bacterium Corynebacterium simplex. Prednisone was introduced in 1955 by Schering, under the brand name Meticorten.Prednisone was patented in 1954 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1955. In 2023, it was the 38th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 15 million prescriptions.

使用Prednisone is used for the same indications as cortisone for inflammatory processes, allergies, and adrenal gland insufficiency; however, it is somewhat more active than cortisone and has less of an effect on mineral volume.

一般的な説明Prednisone, Δ1-cortisone, 17,21-dihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,11,20-trione, has systemic activityvery similar to that of prednisolone, and because of itslower salt-retention activity, it is often preferred over cortisoneor hydrocortisone. Prednisone must be reduced in vivoto prednisolone to provide the active GC.

純化方法Crystallise prednisone from acetone/hexane, then recrystallise it from Me2CO. The monoacetate crystallises from Me2CO/hexane with m 227-233o(dec), [] D +186o (c 1, dioxane), and the diacetate crystallises from 25Me2CO/hexane with m 219-221o(dec), [] D +125o (c 1, CHCl3). [Hertzog et al. Tetrahedron 18 581 1962, Beilstein 8 IV 3531.]