1,1-ジメチルヒドラジン
1,1-ジメチルヒドラジン · unsym-ジメチルヒドラジン · 非対称ジメチルヒドラジン · asym-ジメチルヒドラジン · ディマジン · ジマジン · 1, 1-ジメチルヒドラジン · １，１ジメチルヒドラジン
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 57-14-7 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | C2H8N2 |
| 平均分子量 | 60.1 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 60.06874826 g/mol |
| SMILES | CN(C)N |
| InChIKey | RHUYHJGZWVXEHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 5976 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:18853 |
| EC No. | 200-316-0 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID1020516 |
| 現地名 | 1,1-ジメチルヒドラジン |
化学・物理的性質
| XLogP | -0.5 |
|---|---|
| 極性表面積 | 29.3 |
| 水素結合供与体数 | 1 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 2 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 0 |
| 重原子数 | 4 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 11.5 |
| 物質分類 | Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Nitrogen Compounds -> HydrazinesCarcinogens |
| pH | STRONGLY ALKALINE LIQ |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Coriolis coupling |
| LogP（分配係数） | log Kow = -1.19 /Estimated/ |
| 臭い | Characteristic ammonia like fishy odor of aliphatic hydrazines |
| 密度 | 0.7914 at 71.6 °F (EPA, 1998) - Less dense than waterwill float0.782 at 25 °C/25 °C0.791 at 22 °C/4 °CRelative density (water = 1): 0.80.791 @ 22°C0.79 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.) |
| Viscosity | 0.492 millipascal second @ 25 °C0.6 mm²/s at 25 °C |
| Color/Form | CLEAR, COLORLESS LIQUID |
| 溶解度 | Decomposes (NTP, 1992)Very sol in methanol and ethanol>10% in waterMiscible with dimethylformamide, hydrocarbons, alcohol, etherMiscible in water at 25 °CSolubility in water: very goodアルコール、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、エーテル、炭化水素 (Windholz et al., 1983) および他の多くの極性溶媒と混和します。混和性 |
| Corrosivity | Highly corrosive. |
| 引火点 | 5 °F (EPA, 1998)-15 °C, 5 °F (closed cup)-15 °C c.c.34 °F |
| 沸点 | 147 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)63.9 °C at 760 mm Hg64 °C63.9 °C @760 [mm Hg]60-62 °C(lit.) |
| 融点 | -57.2 °C |
| 蒸気密度 | 1.94 (vs air) |
| 蒸気圧 | 103 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| 屈折率 | n20/D 1.4075(lit.) |
| 貯蔵条件 | 2-8°C |
| pKa（酸解離定数） | 8.19±0.18(Predicted) |
| 外観・状態 | 無色の液体 |
| 爆発限界 | 95% |
| 比熱容量 | Cp(liquid): 2.73 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,3247 |
| BRN | 605261 |
| ヘンリー定数 | 2.45(x 10-9 atmm3/mol) at 25 °C (quoted, Mercer et al., 1990) |
| CAS データベース | 57-14-7(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NISTの化学物質情報 | Hydrazine, 1,1-dimethyl-(57-14-7) |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine (57-14-7) |
化学的特性
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is a colorless, flammable, hygroscopic liquid that gradually turns yellow on contact with air and is miscible with water. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is primar- ily used as a high-energy fuel in military applications, as a rocket propellant and fuel for thrusters, and small electrical power-generating units. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is also used in the manufacture of a plant growth regulator, in chemical synthesis, in photographic chemicals, as a stabilizer for fuel additives, and as an absorbent for acid gases. Exposure to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine usually occurs at the workplace during use and handling of the chemical substance. No information is available on the carcinogenic effects of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine in humans. Carcinogenic effects were observed in mice and rats exposed to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine by inhalation, but the carcinogenicity could not be defi nitively attributed to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine because of the presence of contaminants in the study. The US EPA has not classifi ed 1,1-dimethylhydrazine for potential carcinogenicity, while the IARC has classifi ed 1,1-dimethylhydrazine as Group 2B, meaning a possible human carcinogen.
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | DangerH225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| 規制情報 | Chemical: Hydrazine, 1,1-dimethyl-Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityHepatotoxicity and Digestive System ToxicityNeurotoxicityRespiratory ToxicityStatus: Active Update: 12-12-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13787Dimazine: HSNO Approval: HSR002975 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| その他の安全情報 | IMAP assessments - Hydrazine, 1,1-dimethyl-: Human health tier II assessment |
| 輸送ラベル（DOT） | Poison Inhalation Hazard Flammable Liquid Corrosive |
| 火災危険 | Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flashback. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. When it decomposes, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine gives off toxic nitrogen compound fumes. Dissolves, swells, and disintegrates many plastics. Dangerous when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. Hazardous polymerization may not occur. (EPA, 1998)Highly flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with oxidants. |
| 火災の可能性 | It is flammable over a wide range of vapor air concentrations. |
| 健康有害性 | This compound exhibits high acute toxicity as a result of exposure by all routes. Death or permanent injury may result after very short exposure to small quantities. Chronic exposure may cause pneumonia, liver damage, and kidney damage. (EPA, 1998) |
用途
解説
化学式 CH3NHNHCH3 。ジメチルヒドラジン, ジメチルアミンからつくられる可燃性液体。沸点 64℃。アンモニア臭をもつ吸湿性の液体。水と混合し塩基性を示す。エチルアルコール，エーテルに易溶。硝酸を酸化剤としてロケット燃料に用いられる。ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 ブリタニカ
用途
主たる用途: ロケット燃料組成物(MERCK(14TH,2006))
使用
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is used in rocket fuel.
一般的な説明
A clear colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Flash point 0°F. Corrosive to the skin. Less dense than water and soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air and very toxic by inhalation, attacking the eyes and respiratory system. Prolonged exposure of containers to heat may result in their violent rupturing and rocketing due to decomposition. Generates toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned. Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and a flame can flashback to the source of vapors. Used as a rocket propellant and to make other chemicals.
製法・合成法
純化方法
Fractionally distil the hydrazine through a 4-ft column packed with glass helices. Precipitate it as its oxalate from diethyl ether solution. After crystallising from 95% EtOH, the salt is decomposed with aqueous saturated NaOH, and the free base is distilled, dried over BaO and redistilled [McBride & Kruse J Am Chem Soc 79 572 1957]. Distillation and storage should be under nitrogen. [Beilstein 4 IV 3322.]