グルコン酸
グルコン酸 (グルコノラクトン含む) (45-50%水溶液) · D-グルコン酸 · グルコン酸 · グルコン酸（ぶどう糖酸） · Dグルコン酸 · グルコン酸溶液 · グルコン酸50%水溶液 · グルコン酸 50%水溶液
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 526-95-4 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | C6H12O7 |
| 平均分子量 | 196.16 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO |
| InChIKey | RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 604 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL3039603 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:192972 |
| 現地名 | グルコン酸 |
化学・物理的性質
| XLogP | -3.4 |
|---|---|
| 極性表面積 | 138 |
| 水素結合供与体数 | 6 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 7 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 5 |
| 重原子数 | 13 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 170 |
| 融点 | 15 °C |
| 沸点 | 102 °C |
| 比旋光度 | D20 -6.7° (c = 1) |
| 密度 | 1.23 |
| 屈折率 | 1.4161 |
| 貯蔵条件 | Store below +30°C. |
| 溶解度 | DMSO（微量）、メタノール（微量）、水水に溶ける。 |
| 外観・状態 | 結晶性粉末または結晶 |
| pKa（酸解離定数） | pK (25°) 3.60 |
| 色 | 白色～淡黄色 |
| 比重 | 1.234 |
| pH | 2.2 (20°C, 500g/L in H2O) |
| 臭い | 市販の50％水溶液。 琥珀色、ほのかな酢の香り |
| Merck | 14,4456 |
| BRN | 1726055 |
| 化粧品成分の機能 | キレート化香料 |
| InChI | 1S/C6H12O7/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1 |
| InChIKey | RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N |
| SMILES | OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O |
| LogP（分配係数） | -2.116 (est) |
| CAS データベース | 526-95-4(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NISTの化学物質情報 | Gluconic acid(526-95-4) |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | D-Gluconic acid (526-95-4) |
化学的特性
d-Gluconic acid is an acid sugar composed of white crystals with a milk-acidic taste. In aqueous solutions, it is in equilibrium with gamma- and delta-gluconolactones. It is prepared by enzymatic oxidation of glucose and strains of the microorganisms used to supply the enzyme action are nonpathogenic and nontoxicogenic to man or other animals. This substance is used as a component of bottle rinsing formulations, at levels not to exceed good manufacturing practice.An FDA letter to a trade association revoking affirmation of general recognition of safety in dietary supplements was dated April 9, 1970.
安全性と法規制
| Minimum Risk Level | Chronic Inhalation: 0.0003 mg/m3 (L134) |
|---|---|
| 健康影響 | Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228) |
| 暴露経路 | Oral (L228)inhalation (L228) |
| 毒性の概要 | Manganese is a cellular toxicant that can impair transport systems, enzyme activities, and receptor functions. It primarily targets the central nervous system, particularily the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia. It is believed that the manganese ion, Mn(II), enhances the autoxidation or turnover of various intracellular catecholamines, leading to increased production of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and other cytotoxic metabolites, along with a depletion of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to oxidative damage and selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons. In addition to dopamine, manganese is thought to perturbations other neurotransmitters, such as GABA and glutamate. In order to produce oxidative damage, manganese must first overwhelm the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase. The neurotoxicity of Mn(II) has also been linked to its ability to substitute for Ca(II) under physiological conditions. It can enter mitochondria via the calcium uniporter and inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. It may also inhibit the efflux of Ca(II), which can result in a loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. Mn(II) has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial aconitase activity to a significant level, altering amino acid metabolism and cellular iron homeostasis. (L228) |
| Signs and Symptoms | Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228) |
| Carcinogen Classification | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
| 水環境危害等級（WGK） | - |
| TSCA 収載状態 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 番号 | LZ5057100 |
| 輸送番号（UN） | 3265 |
| 税関コード | 29181600 |
| 危険文句（R） | 36/37/38-34 |
| 化審法 | (2)-1409 届出不要化学物質 |
| 危険表示 | Xi,C |
| 安全措置（S） | 37/39-26-45-36/37/39 |
| 危険等級 | 8 |
| 包装等級 | III |
| 貯蔵分類 | 10 - Combustible liquids |
| 有害物質データ | 526-95-4(Hazardous Substances Data) |
用途
解説
D-グルコン酸,ヘキソン酸の一種．D-グルコン酸およびその6-リン酸エステルは，ペントースリン酸サイクルなど糖の代謝の中間体として，広く生物体中に見いだされる．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
医薬品原料、食料品原料
用途
有機合成原料、呈味料及び酸味料原料。
説明
Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH. It is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-penta hydroxy hexanoic acid. In aqueous solution at neutral pH, gluconic acid forms the gluconate ion. The salts of gluconic acid are known as "gluconates". Gluconic acid, gluconate salts, and gluconate esters occur widely in nature because such species arise from the oxidation of glucose. Some drugs are injected in the form of gluconates.
天然物の起源
Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey, kombucha tea, and wine. As a food additive ( E574 ), it is an acidity regulator. It is also used in cleaning products where it dissolves mineral deposits especially in alkaline solution. The gluconate anion chelates Ca2+,Fe2+, Al3+, and other metals. In 1929 Horace Terhune Herrick developed a process for producing the salt by fermentation. Calcium gluconate, in the form of a gel, is used to treat burns from hydrofluoric acid; calcium gluconate injections may be used for more severe cases to avoid necrosis of deep tissues. Quinine gluconate is a salt between gluconic acid and quinine, which is used for intramuscular injection in the treatment of malaria. Zinc gluconate injections are used to neuter male dogs. Iron gluconate injections have been proposed in the past to treat anemia.
使用
Gluconic Acid is an acidulant that is a mild organic acid which is the hydrolyzed form of glucono-delta-lactone. it is prepared by the fermentation of dextrose, whereby the physiological d-form is produced. it is soluble in water with a solubility of 100 g/100 ml at 20°c. it has a mild taste and at 1% has a ph of 2.8. it functions as an antioxidant and enhances the function of other antioxidants. in beverages, syrups, and wine, it can eliminate calcium turbidities. it is used as a leavening component in cake mixes, and as an acid component in dry-mix desserts and dry beverage mixes.
使用用途
1. 食品分野 グルコン酸は不揮発性であること、酸味度が低いという特徴から、食品添加物として使用されています。主な用途は、米飯、餅等の米加工品に対するpH調整剤や、各種飲料、漬物、ドレッシング、タレ等に対する調味料及びpH調味料です。 2. 医療分野 医療分野では、主に鉄の欠乏症に対する薬として利用されています。取り込まれたグルコン酸イオンには体内の金属イオンを効果的に吸収されやすくする作用があります。 3. 工業分野 工業分野では、金属塩の沈殿の除去や金属を洗浄する際に弱い酸として使われることもあります。