Calcium Hydroxide

Plastics -> Flame retardants

Plastics -> N.a.

Cosmetic ingredients (Calcium Hydroxide) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Buffering

Agrochemicals -> Pesticide active substances

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Approved

2.24 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

Approximately 2.2 g/cu cm

Bulk density: 450 to 640 kg/cu m. In the as-poured state, it can be as low as 350 kg/cu m, owing to air entrapment

Relative density (water = 1): 2.2

2.24

2.343 @25 °C

Crystals or soft granules or powder

Soft, hexagonal crystals

Rhombic, trigonal, colorless crystals

Soft, white crystalline powder

White powder [Note: Readily absorbs CO2 from the air to form calcium carbonate]

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.4% (28 of 6644) of reports.

Danger

H314 (22.4%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 6644 reports by companies from 59 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Not Classified

Chemical: Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)

Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Reg. (EU) 2015/762

Status: No longer Valid Update: 06-07-2010 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1692

Calcium hydroxide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Calcium hydroxide used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: Calcium hydroxide is included in antidiarrheal drug products.

Residues of calcium hydroxide are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: solid diluent, carrier.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Calcium hydroxide is found on List D. Case No: 4066; Pesticide type: Fungicide, Herbicide, Antimicrobial; Case Status: None of the active ingredients in the case are being supported for reregistration by their registrants. All are unsupported, or some are unsupported and some are cancelled. Cases described as "unsupported" generally are being processed for cancellation.; Active ingredient (AI): Calcium hydroxide; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 15 mg/cu m (total dust).

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m (respirable fraction).

The nitroparaffins, nitromethane, nitropropane, etc. form salts with inorganic bases such as CALCIUM HYDROXIDE. The dry salts are explosive [Chem. Eng. news 30:2344 1952]. Bases are chemically similar to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or sodium oxide (Na2O). They neutralize acids exothermically to form salts plus water. When soluble in water they give solutions having a pH greater than 7.0. Mixing these materials with water can generate troublesome amounts of heat as the base is dissolved or diluted. Bases react with certain metals (such as aluminum and zinc) to form oxides or hydroxides of the metal and generate gaseous hydrogen. Bases may initiate polymerization reactions in polymerizable organic compounds, especially epoxides). They may generate flammable and/or toxic gases with ammonium salts, nitrides, halogenated organics, various metals, peroxides, and hydroperoxides. Materials of this group often serve as catalysts. A strong base. Forms caustic solution in water [Merck 11th ed. 1989].

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give nothing to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Calcium hydroxide:

(General first aid procedures)

Skin: Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

Inhalation: Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Eye: First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give nothing to drink. Refer for medical attention.

Keep well closed.

... Preserved in well-filled, tight containers, at a temp not exceeding 25 °C. /Calcium hydroxide topical soln/

Store under tightly capped conditions.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Workers should not be allowed to shower until all traces of lime ... removed with oil or vaseline. Workers should be encouraged to change ... underwear and workclothes at end of shift. Consumption of food or beverages in workshops should be prohibited. Eyewash fountains should be located at strategic points ...

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYDROXIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

To determine whether cells pre-stressed by known cytotoxic or inflammatory agents are more susceptible to the deleterious effects of a calcium hydroxide formulation used in pulp capping. Adult human dermal fibroblasts were treated for 48 hr with 0.001% chlorhexidine, 0.2% ethanol, 5 ug/mL Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or 0.05 mmol/L nicotine. Cells were subsequently treated with the soluble materials extracted from Dycal pellets for an additional 24 hr. Controls included cells cultured in medium only and cells exposed to Dycal only. Cytotoxicity was measured using colorimetric MTT, WST / (Water soluble Tetrazolium salt))/ and secreted lactate dehydrogenase assays. In addition, mitotic activity was evaluated using a colorimetric histone H3 phosphorylation assay. Data were statistically analysed using anova with Tukey's multiple comparison post-test and significance at P < or = 0.05. For all assays, measured values for cells treated with chlorhexidine, ethanol, LPS or nicotine plus the soluble materials extracted from Dycal pellets were significantly lower compared to control (P < 0.05) for all comparisons between experimental conditions. However, between treatments and for comparisons of treatments with Dycal, there were no differences observed for any assay. Calcium hydroxide in a formulation used in dental clinical procedures is highly cytotoxic to cultured cells, as evidenced by several cellular assays. However, other known toxic agents, including chlorhexidine, ethanol, bacterial LPS and nicotine, do not appear to function synergistically to increase the deleterious cellular effects of the calcium hydroxide in an in vitro model of cytotoxicity.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) contaminated maize was hydrothermally treated in the presence of sodium metabisulphite (SBS), methylamine and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and included into diets for female piglets to evaluate effects on performance, organ weights, development of hyperestrogenism, serum biochemical parameters, stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and toxin residues in serum. For this purpose, both uncontaminated maize (CON) and Fusarium toxin-contaminated maize (FUS) were included into diets either untreated (-) or treated (+) according to a 2 by 2-factorial design. One-hundred female weaned piglets were assigned to one of the four treatment groups (n = 25) CON-, CON+, FUS- and FUS+ with DON/ZEN concentrations of 0.43/0.03, 0.04/0.0, 3.67/0.32 and 0.36/0.08 mg per kg diet, respectively. After a feeding period of 27 days, 20 piglets (n = 5) were slaughtered. Performance parameters such as feed intake, live weight gain and feed-to-gain ratio remained unaffected by the treatments. Uterus weights were significantly reduced in group FUS+ compared to FUS- (p = 0.028), while visceral organ weights were not influenced. Vulva width in relation to body weight was highest in group FUS- at the end of the trial, while hydrothermal treatment significantly reduced the parameter (p < 0.01). The highest toxin and toxin metabolite concentrations in serum were detected in group FUS-, whereas ingestion of diet FUS+ reduced the concentrations to the level of the control groups. Serum biochemical and haematological parameters were mainly within the given reference ranges and showed no treatment-related alterations. Stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was not affected. An effective detoxification of maize by hydrothermal treatment in the presence of SBS, methylamine and Ca(OH)2 could be demonstrated by means of serum toxin analyses. No undesired side effects of the treated-feed stuff or the chemicals themselves on the health of piglets were detected.

The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of 5% calcium hydroxide to AH Plus sealer improves its biocompatibility in subcutaneous connective tissue of rats. Thirty female rats distributed into 3 groups of 10 animals each received subcutaneous dorsal implants of silicone tubes filled with AH Plus (Group 1), AH Plus containing 5% (wt/wt) calcium hydroxide (Group 2), or no material (Group 3: control). The animals were killed after 14 days and the subcutaneous tissue containing the tubes was removed and processed for histological analysis. Biocompatibility was assessed by evaluating the inflammatory response to the implants qualitatively and quantitatively. Data were analyzed statistically by the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests (alpha = 0.05). The area adjacent to the implant was characterized by nonspecific chronic inflammation and was qualitatively similar in the 3 groups. Animals implanted with AH Plus/calcium hydroxide showed significantly less intense inflammatory response when compared with the animals implanted with AH Plus alone. The addition of calcium hydroxide to AH Plus root canal sealer improved its histopathological behavior within 14 days of analysis, producing less severe inflammatory response and less cytotoxicity when implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats.

Biocompatibility of pulp capping materials is important for successful use in dentistry. These materials should be nontoxic and permissive for proliferation and induction of odontogenic differentiation of pulp cells. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium hydroxide-containing cement (DYCAL) on proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of human tooth germ stem cells (hTGSCs) in which cells belonging to both pulp tissue and dental follicle exist. The 96-well plates, 24-well plates, and special chamber slides were coated with biomaterials for cell proliferation, differentiation, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Odontogenic differentiation of hTGSCs was evaluated by analyzing mRNA expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) by real-time polymerase chain reaction expression analysis, measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity, and visualization of calcium depositions by von Kossa staining. Our results demonstrate that EMD is the best material in terms of inducing differentiation and proliferation of hTGSCs. DYCAL was found to be toxic to hTGSCs; however, EMD-coated DYCAL showed less toxicity. EMD-coated MTA was not efficient at inducing proliferation and differentiation. Pulp capping materials come in direct contact with dental pulp cells; thus, they require comprehensive evaluation of interactions between cells and biomaterials. Therefore, we cultured hTGSCs, capable of odontogenic differentiation, on pulp capping materials directly. Our results suggest that combination of capping materials with EMD would increase the quality of capping by increasing biocompatibility of capping materials.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYDROXIDE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EC50; Species: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (Blue-Green Algae) steady state, high cell density; Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 66000 ug/L for 1.5 hr; Effect: physiology, decreased nitrogen fixation

EC50; Species: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (Blue-Green Algae) steady state, 2.5 x 10+8 cells/L; Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 84000 ug/L for 22 hr; Effect: physiology, decreased nitrogen fixation

LC50; Species: Crangon septemspinosa (Bay Shrimp, Sand Shrimp); Conditions: saltwater, static, pH 6.60-12.61, salinity 28-30 ppt; Concentration: 158000 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 50000-500000 ug/L) /100% purity lime hydrate/

LC50; Species: Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) age 3 wk, young organism; Conditions: saltwater, renewal, 24 °C, pH >9.9 to <10.0, salinity about 2.8%, dissolved oxygen > or =70%; Concentration: 387000 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 218000-688000 ug/L) /97% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYDROXIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Aquatic Fate: Aquatic toxicity is the function of an alkalinity effect. Addition of lime to soft water lakes has increased biological activity, possibly by providing a carbon dioxide reservoir.

Calcium hydroxide does not degrade by photooxidation; it is neutralized by absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that ... Calcium Hydroxide is safe in hair straighteners and depilatories under conditions of recommended use; users should minimize skin contact.  These ingredients are safe for all other present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be nonirritating.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Acute toxicity of calcium hydroxide, NPK, Na3P04 12H20 and sodium nitrite fertilizers on Clarias gariepinus (Teugals) was investigated in glass aquaria. Results showed that calcium hydroxide was the most toxic of the four fertilizers. Na3P04.12H20 and sodium nitrite were less toxic. The 96 hr LC50 for the fertilizers ranged fron 33.9 mg/L for calcium hydroxide to 1258.9 mg/L for sodium nitrite. It is concluded that secondary application of these fertilizers in stocked ponds should be avoided.

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation.

Redness. Roughness. Pain. Dry skin. Skin burns. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Abdominal cramps. Vomiting.

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; eye, skin burns; skin vesiculation; cough, bronchitis, pneumonitis

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation of Ca(OH)2-dust causes discomfort to the upper respiratory tract, which will encourage the worker to either leave the area or to wear a protective mask.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Ingestion of alkali is followed by severe pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and collapse. Vomiting contains blood and desquamated mucosal lining. If death does not occur in first 24 hours, patient may improve in 2-4 days.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Ingestion of Ca(OH)2: Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Abdominal cramps. Vomiting.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ When the substances /calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide/ are ingested they cause irritation and smarting, and may also cause corrosive damage to the lining of the mouth, throat and esophagus. Stomach cramps, vomiting and in severe cases systemic effects can occur. Chronic exposure to calcium hydroxide can result in inflammatory and ulcerous changes in the mouth as well as damage to the digestive tract

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYDROXIDE (29 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Calcium hydroxide's production and use in lubricants, water paint, fireproof coatings; as egg preservative; manufacture of paper pulp; in SBR rubber vulcanization; in water treatment; as absorbant for carbon dioxide; dehairing hides(1); purification of sugar juices, petrochemicals, food additive as buffer and neutralizing agent(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC); its use in drilling fluid, mortar, plaster, cement and other binding and paving materials(1) and as a soil conditioner(2) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Calcium hydroxide used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: Calcium hydroxide is included in antidiarrheal drug products.

Residues of calcium hydroxide are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: solid diluent, carrier.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Calcium hydroxide is found on List D. Case No: 4066; Pesticide type: Fungicide, Herbicide, Antimicrobial; Case Status: None of the active ingredients in the case are being supported for reregistration by their registrants. All are unsupported, or some are unsupported and some are cancelled. Cases described as "unsupported" generally are being processed for cancellation.; Active ingredient (AI): Calcium hydroxide; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Adhesives used to fix prosthetic devices to bones and to cement bone to bone in difficult fractures. Synthetic resins are commonly used as cements. A mixture of monocalcium phosphate, monohydrate, alpha-tricalcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate with a sodium phosphate solution is also a useful bone paste.

CIR ingredient: Calcium Hydroxide

Used in mortar, plaster, cement, lubricants, drilling fluids, paper pulp, and water treatment; also used to dehair hides; [ACGIH] Used in pesticides, fireproofing coatings, water-based paints, SBR rubber vulcanization, binding and paving materials, soil treatments, brewing manufacture, dental cements, petrochemicals, as chemical intermediate, buffering agent for metals, pearls, and celluloid, disinfectant, food additive, for ammonia recovery in gas manufacture, purification of sugar juices, to preserve eggs and apples during storage, in cattle feeds, and veterinary medicine; [HSDB] Used as both an inert and active ingredient (microbiocide/microbiostat) in pesticide products; [EPA REDs] Used as a nutritional supplement, pH control agent, firming agent, and processing aid for foods; [FDA]

Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]

For calcium hydroxide (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 075601) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the USA but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

In mortar, plaster, cement and other binding and paving materials; in lubricants, drilling fluid, pesticides, fireproofing coatings, water paint; as egg preservative; manufacture of paper pulp; in SBR rubber vulcanization; in water treatment; as absorbant for carbon dioxide; dehairing hides.

Chem int in chlorohydrin process for propylene oxide /former use/; chem int for calcium hypochlorite, bleaching powder, and the fungicide, lime-sulfur spray; flux in iron and steel mfr; soil treatment for acidic soils; water softening agent; stabilization of soils for road base; component of sand-lime bricks and blocks; component of masonary mortar; water correcting agent in brewing mfr; component of dental cement; buffering agent for metals, pearls and celluloid.

(1972) 3.4X10+11 G

(1975) 4.05X10+10 G

2023: 10,000,000,000 - <15,000,000,000 lb

(1975) 2.13X10+12 G

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.[Table#2426]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Calcium hydroxide. Aggregated National Production Volume: 1 billion pounds and greater.

Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: Calcium hydroxide. National Production Volume: 17,976,380,341 lb/yr.

Commercial preparation by hydration of lime.

Action of water on calcium oxide.

... Commercial grade is produced by adding precise quant of water (between 2- and 3-times more) to calcium oxide in hydrators. Beds of calcium oxide up to 20 cm thick ... slaked manually by hosing, or lumps in wire baskets can be immersed in water.

Calcium hydroxide soln, USP ... contains not less than 0.14 g of calcium hydroxide in each 100 mL soln at 25 °C. ... Prepd by adding 3 g of calcium hydroxide to 1000 mL of cool distilled water. Mixt should be agitated vigorously for 1 hr.

Grades: Technical; chemical lime (insol matter under 2%, magnesium under 3%); building lime; /United States Pharmacopeia/ (USP), /Chemically pure/ (CP), /Food Chemical Codex/ (FCC).

LIME WATER

FCC food and ACS reagent grades; purified grade; liquid bulk, hydrate slurry grades

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYDROXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives

Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern

Food additives

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; FIRMING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; FIRMING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Plastics -> Flame retardants

All other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing

Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2): ACTIVE

... As alkaline additive (as to form bordeaux mixt or to liberate org base) it should be non-carbonated and high in hydroxide content. ... As safener with some arsenical insecticides.

When mixed with 4 vol of water, an alkaline suspension or "milk of lime" results. Milk of lime has been used as disinfectant for areas contaminated with excreta. It should be applied in liberal quantities and remain in contact with excreta for at least 2 hr. Calcium hydroxide is now used in place of calcium oxide in prepn of lime water. Lime soaps formed by reaction of calcium hydroxide with vegetable oils are adhesive and are sometimes used as ointment base (lime liniment or "carron oil").

In general, hydrated lime refers to dry calcium hydroxide powder, while slaked like refers to an aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide particles in water ... It includes milk of lime and lime putties. ... Lime putty is a viscous dispersion of calcium hydroxide in water.