化工社化工社 化学情報印刷レポート · 研究参考用
ヘキサクロロエタン
ヘキサクロロエタン · 六塩化エタン · ディストピン · 1,1,1,2,2,2-ヘキサクロロエタン · ディストパン · ファルキトール · アブロタン · ペルクロロエタン
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 67-72-1 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | C2Cl6 |
| 平均分子量 | 236.7 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 233.81311608 g/mol |
| SMILES | ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl |
| InChIKey | VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 6214 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL160929 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:39227 |
| EC No. | 200-666-4 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID7020689 |
| 現地名 | ヘキサクロロエタン |
化学・物理的性質
| XLogP | 4.1 |
|---|---|
| 極性表面積 | 0 |
| 水素結合供与体数 | 0 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 0 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 0 |
| 重原子数 | 8 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 61.5 |
| 物質分類 | Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Other Classes -> Halogenated Aliphatics, SaturatedCarcinogensVolatile Organic Compound (VOC) |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Moessbauer quadrupole effect |
| 農薬 | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| LogP（分配係数） | log Kow = 4.143.9 |
| 臭い | Camphor-like odor |
| 密度 | 2.091 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink2.091 g/cu cm at 20 °CRelative density (water = 1): 2.12.091 @ 21°C2.091 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Color/Form | Colorless crystalsCrystal structure: rhombic <46 °Ctriclinic 46-71 °Ccubic >71 °C |
| 溶解度 | less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)Soluble in alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, oilsVery sol in ether and tetrachloroethyleneIn water, 50 mg/L at 20 °CSolubility in water: none(72 °F): 0.005%アルコール、ベンゼン、クロロホルム、エーテルに可溶0.05g/L(22℃) |
| Corrosivity | Liquid hexachloroethane will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coating |
| 沸点 | 368.2 °F at 760 mmHg (Sublimes) (NTP, 1992)368.2 °F (sublimes)186℃ |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/ and phosgene.... At temp above 185 °C, may give carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethylene. |
| 融点 | Sublimes (NTP, 1992)368.2 °F (sublimes)368 °F (Sublimes)183-185 °C (dec.) (lit.) |
| 蒸気密度 | 8.16 (vs air) |
| 蒸気圧 | 0.4 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| 屈折率 | 1.5282 (estimate) |
| 引火点 | 9℃ |
| 貯蔵条件 | 2-8°C |
| 外観・状態 | 結晶または結晶性粉末 |
| 色 | 白い |
| 比熱容量 | Cp(crystal): 0.84 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,4679 |
| BRN | 1740341 |
| ヘンリー定数 | 1.43, 2.81, and 5.31 at 10, 20, and 30 °C, respectively (Munz and Roberts, 1987) |
| 安定性 | 安定。不燃性。高温の金属、強力な酸化剤と反応する可能性があります。 |
| InChI | 1S/C2Cl6/c3-1(4,5)2(6,7)8 |
| InChIKey | VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl |
| CAS データベース | 67-72-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NISTの化学物質情報 | Ethane, hexachloro-(67-72-1) |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | Hexachloroethane (67-72-1) |
化学的特性
Hexachloroethane is a white solid with a camphor-like odor. It gradually evaporates when it is exposed to air.
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 3.1% (1 of 32) of reports.DangerH315 (28.1%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 32 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
|---|---|
| 規制情報 | Chemical: Ethane, hexachloro-Hazard Traits - BioaccumulationCarcinogenicityDermatotoxicityEnvironmental PersistenceHepatotoxicity and Digestive System ToxicityNephrotoxicity and Other Toxicity to the Urinary SystemNeurotoxicityReproductive ToxicityRespiratory ToxicityEthane, 1,1,1,2,2,2-hexachloro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Ethane, 1,1,1,2,2,2-hexachloro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)TP - indicates a substance that is the subject of a proposed TSCA section 4 test rule.Status: Active Update: 14-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/32635Restricted substance: Hexachloroethane |
| その他の安全情報 | IMAP assessments - Ethane, hexachloro-: Human health tier II assessment |
| 輸送ラベル（DOT） | Poison |
| 火災危険 | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating hydrogen chloride vapor may form in fire. (USCG, 1999)Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
| 火災の可能性 | Not flammable by standard tests in air. |
| 健康有害性 | Compound is a powerful narcotic and liver poisonmay also cause changes in blood composition and neurological disturbances. Repeated exposure by inhalation can be fatal. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhea, severe mucosal injury, liver necrosis, cyanosis, unconsciousness, loss of reflexes, and death. Contact with eyes causes irritation and lachrymation. Can be absorbed through the skin and may produce severe skin lesions. (USCG, 1999) |
| 有害性の概要 | Hexachloroethane is a colorless solid that gradually evaporates when it is exposed to air. It is also called HCE, perchloroethane, and carbon hexachloride. Its vapors smell like camphor. In the United States, about half of the hexachloroethane is used by the military for smoke-producing devices. It is also used to remove air bubbles in melted aluminum. Hexachloroethane may be present as an ingredient in some fungicides, insecticides, lubricants, and plastics. Hexachloroethane does not occur naturally in the environment. It is no longer made in the United States, but it is formed as a by-product in the production of some chemicals. Some hexachloroethane can be formed by incinerators when materials containing chlorinated hydrocarbons are burned. Hexachloroethane itself does not catch fire easily. Some hexachloroethane can also be formed when chlorine reacts with carbon compounds in drinking water.Hexachloroethane is used by the military for smoke-producing devices, in metal and alloy production, and as an ingredient in insecticides. Hexachloroethane acts primarily as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant in humans acutely (short-term) exposed to it. Hexachloroethane is also moderately irritating to the skin, mucous membranes, and liver in humans. Neurological, liver, and kidney effects have been observed in animals exposed to hexachloroethane. No information is available on the chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of hexachloroethane in humans. Hepatocellular carcinomas (liver tumors) were observed in mice following oral exposure to hexachloroethane. EPA has classified hexachloroethane as a Group C, possible human carcinogen.Animals exposed to 48 ppm show no adverse effects except respiratory irritation. Feeding rats HCE for 16 weeks results in kidney and liver injury. [ACGIH] Has powerful narcotic effectsAlso injures the liver and causes lacrimation on eye contact[CAMEO] May cause unconsciousnessMay have CNS effects, causing tremors and ataxia at high exposure levelsMay cause liver and kidney injuryCan be absorbed through skin[ICSC] A skin, eye, mucous membrane, and upper respiratory tract irritantA CNS depressant[HSDB] May cause smarting and reddening of skin if spilled and allowed to remain on clothesAn eye irritant and lachrymatorA strong narcotic and hepatotoxinMay cause nervous system disorders[CHRIS] A strong irritantCarcinogenic effects observed in animal studies[Alfa Aesar MSDS]The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of hexachloroethane stem from its toxicologic properties. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact), exposure to this colorless crystalline substance may occur from its use as an inhibitor in explosives and pyrotechnics, as a vulcanizing agent, as a polymer additive, in the manufacture of smoke candles and grenades, and in metal refining. Effects from exposure may irritation of the mucous membranes, skin, lung and cornea, liver and kidney damage, and CNS depression. Also, it should be noted that the EPA Integrated Risk Assessment Information System (IRIS) has placed hexachloroethane on a list of substances that it considers possibly carcinogenic to humans. Both the OSHA PEL and the ACGIH TLV for hexachloroethane have been set at a TWA of 1 ppm. In activities or situations where over exposure may occur, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus, face shield, and impervious clothing. If contact should occur. immediately flush affected skin or eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, and remove contaminated clothing and shoes at the site. While hexachloroethane does not ignite easily, it may burn with the production of irritating and poisonous gases carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethylene. Fires involving hexachloroethane may be extinguished with dry chemical, CO2, Halon, water spray, fog, or standard foam. Hexachloroethane should be stored in cool, dark areas, away from alkalies and metals. Note this substance will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings. Shipping regulations and other DOT regulatory requirements should be consulted before transport. Small spills of hexachloroethane may be taken up with vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or other noncombustible absorbent, and placed into containers for later disposal. Hexachloroethane is a potential candidate for rotary kiln and fluidized bed forms of incineration. Before implementing land disposal of waste hexachloroethane, consult with regulatory agencies for guidance. |
| 反応性グループ | Halogenated Organic Compounds |
| UN 分類 | UN Hazard Class: 9UN Pack Group: III |
| Special Reports | Dacre JC et alProblem Definition Studies on Potential Environmental Pollutants. V. Physical, Chemical Toxicological, and Biological Properties of Seven Chemicals Used in Pyrotechnic CompositionsReport: 101 pages (1979), Order No AO90631. A summary of physical/chemical properties, analytical methods, mammalian toxicology, environmental considerations, and standards for seven chemicals, incl hexachloroethane is presented.Fishbein LPotential Halogenated Industrial Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Chemicals: II. Halogenated Saturated HydrocarbonsSci Total Environ 11 (2): 163-96 (1979). Hexachloroethane was among 8 compounds reviewed principally in terms of synthesis, areas of application, stability, distribution reactivity, levels of exposure, populations at risk, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and metabolism.Bauer UHuman Exposure to Environmental Chemicals - Studies on Volatile Organic Halogenated Compounds in Water, Air, Food, and Human Tissues. III. Results of StudiesZentralbl Bakteriol, Mikrobiol Hyg Abt, 1, Orig B 174 (3): 200-37 (1981). A review of organic halogenated compounds is presented.USEPAAmbient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Chlorinated Ethanes (1980) EPA 440/5-80-029For more Special Reports (Complete) data for HEXACHLOROETHANE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| RCRA 要件 | D034A waste containing hexachloroethane may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations.U131As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when hexaxhloroethane, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). |
| TSCA 要件 | Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Hexachloroethane is included on this list. Effective date 4/29/83Sunset date 1/13/86. |
| 消火 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. |
| 応急処置措置 | Fresh air, rest.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
| 応急処置 | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.(General first aid procedures) |
| 安全保管 | Separated from strong oxidants, alkali metals and food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. |
| 暴露管理・個人防護 | 1.0 [ppm] |
| 消火手順 | If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. |
| 保管条件 | ...Hexachloroethane must be stored to avoid contact with hot iron, zinc, aluminum, and alkalis, since violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat.Before being stored or transported over longer periods of time, chlorinated ethanes ... should be carefully analyzed for water, free acid, and stabilizers because decomposition may lead to excessive corrosion. ... Chlorinated ethanes should not be brought into contact with tanks, containers, valves, etc made of aluminum. /Chloroethanes/ |
| 清掃方法 | 1. Ventilate area of spill2. Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal. ... Liquid containing hexachloroethane should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or a similar material.Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. |
| 非火災時の漏出対応 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| 処分方法 | [40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/2006)] Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D034 & U131, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U131, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.Chemical Treatability of HexachloroethaneConcentration Process: Activated carbonChemical Classification: HalocarbonsScale of Study: Batch Flow/Laboratory ScaleType of Wastewater Used: Pure CompoundInfluent Concentration: 100 ppbResults of Study: 100% removal98% desorbed from carbon by elutriation with solvent (Filtrasorb 300 used solvent included pentane-acetone, diethylether, methylene chloride-acteone, methyl chloride-acetone, and acetone).For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for HEXACHLOROETHANE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 漏出処分 | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| Preventive Measures | If materials not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard.Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. Avoid breathing fumes from burning material. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Avoid bodily contact with the material.SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.If the use of respirators is necessary, the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. In addition to respirator selection, a complete respiratory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation.For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for HEXACHLOROETHANE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 毒性学的情報 | CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile |
| 体内負荷 | Mean hexachloroethane concentrations as high as 7.30 ug/L were measured in the blood plasma of 12 occupationally exposed individuals involved in the production of military smoke munition(1). Hexachloroethane was listed among halogenated volatile organic chemicals detected in less than 10% of blood samples from 1,000 adults who participated in the Tird national Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) from 1988-1994(2).Hexachloroethane was detected at a mean concentration of 427 ppt [ng/mL] in 20% of samples of ovarian follicular fluid obtained from 150 Canadian women. It was not detected in serum. |
| Cancer Sites | Urinary[in animals: liver cancer] |
| 相互作用 | Rats were exposed to white smoke generated from mixtures of titanium dioxide-hexachloroethane (TiO2-HC) and zinc hexachloroethane (Zn-HC), respectively, in an inhalation chamber operated in the static mode. The acute inhalation toxicity of TiO2-HC smoke was much lower than the Zn-HC smoke. Thus, the animals survived exposure to TiO2-HC smoke, even at relatively high smoke concentrations. This smoke was irritating to the animals and minor, acute inflammatory changes were seen in lung tissue. In contrast, Zn-HC smoke was very toxic and caused lethal injuries to the experimental animals, even at relatively low concentrations. Pulmonary injuries were extensive and death was due to blood congestion with pulmonary edema. Since the TiO2-HC and Zn-HC mixtures form titanium tetrachloride and zinc chloride, respectively, a separate study was performed in which rats were exposed to zinc chloride gas or zinc chloride aerosol. |
| 標的器官 | Cancer, Dermal (Skin), Hepatic (Liver), Neurological (Nervous System), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)Eyes, skin, respiratory system, kidneys |
| 生態毒性値 | LC50 Eisenia fetida (Earthworm, adult, 300-500 mg) dermal 19 ug/sq cm/48 hr (95% confidence interval: 16-23 ug/sq cm)LC50 Daphnia magna 2.9 mg/L/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/.LC50 Daphnia magna (Water flea) 8,070 ug/L/96 hr (static, unmeasured bioassay)Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age 0-24 hr neonate)Conditions: freshwater, static, 22.0 °C, pH 8.23 (8.16-8.29), hardness 196 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 172 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 6.56 mg/L (6.45-6.78 mg/L)Concentration: 1360 ug/L for 48 hr (1040-1790 ug/L) /98% purity/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for HEXACHLOROETHANE (38 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 環境中動態 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 1,380 to 2,360(2,3) indicate that hexachloroethane is expected to have low to slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of hexachloroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 3.89X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Hexachloroethane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.4 mm Hg(5). The biodegradation half-life of hexachloroethane in a non-adapted aerobic sandy soil was reported as 25-48 days(5).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 1,380 to 2,360(2,3), indicate that hexachloroethane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.89X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), BCF values ranging from 1.0 to 708(7-10) suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to high(SRC). Hexachloroethane injected into a shallow sand aquifer was degraded with a half-life of 40 days in 10 °C groundwater under anaerobic conditions(11).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), hexachloroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 0.4 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Hexachloroethane does not contain functional groups that react with atmospheric oxidants such as hydroxyl radicals, nitrate radicals and ozone(3). Hexachloroethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
| 有害作用 | Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin |
| 暴露経路 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact |
| 生態毒性抜粋 | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ /Fathead minnows, 44 days of age, in 24.7 °C water, in toxicant concentrations of 0.28 to 2.16 mg/L were studied/. Affected fish lost schooling behavior, had increased respiration, and lost equilibrium prior to death. No effect data recorded. Individual lengths and weight of the test fish not recorded... Measured mean weight was 0.28 g. The chemical was dissolved using dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent carrier. Samples not taken at 96 hr ... . Minimum detection limits were not recorded./AQUATIC SPECIES/ /Fathead minnows, 32 days of age, in 24.7 °C water, in toxicant concentrations of 0.29 to 3.34 mg/L were studied/. Affected fish lost schooling behavior, had increased respiration, and lost equilibrium prior to death. No effect data recorded. Individual lengths and weight of the test fish not recorded... Measured mean weight was 0.13 g. ... Mean recovery was likely >90%. ... Samples not taken at 96 hr ... . Control chamber concentrations were <0.001 mg/L./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Static acute and renewal chronic tests were conducted with Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex and Ceriodaphnia reticulata to determine their relative sensitivities to selected organic and inorganic chemicals: 2-chloroethanol, 2,4-pentanedione, pentachlorophenol, hexachloroethane, 2,2,2-trichloroethanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentadiol, endrin, silver, lead, chromium, and cadmium. The three species tested yielded comparable acute EC50 values for Dalphnia magna, Dalphnia pulex and Ceriodaphnia reticulata varied twofold for hexachloroethane. Chronic EC50 values for the three species were within one order to magnitude for 2-chloroethanol, 2,4-pentanedione, cadmium, chromium and silver. Differences in the sensitivities of these three popular cladoceran test species were within one order of magnitude. Reproductive impairment in all three test species appeared to be a more sensitive indicator of chronic toxicity than survival./AQUATIC SPECIES/ The available freshwater data for chlorinated ethanes indicate that toxicity increases greatly with increasing chlorination, and that acute toxicity occurs at concentrations as low as ... 980 ug/L for hexachloroethane. ... Chronic toxicity occurs at concentrations as low as ... 540 ug/L for hexachloroethane./AQUATIC SPECIES/ The available saltwater data for chlorinated ethanes indicate that toxicity increases greatly with increasing chlorination and that acute toxicity to fish and invertebrate species occurs at concentrations as low as ... 940 ug/L for hexachloroethane. |
| Animal Concentrations | Hexachloroethane was detected in bird eggs collected in the Lake Baikal region of Russia from the following bird species, concentration in ug/kg dry weight: Mallard, 150Pintail, <10Shoveler, 225Tufted duck, <10Pochard, 105.3Goose, 103.7Domestic fowl, <10Heron, 69.1Herring gull, 73.8Common gull, 194.4Common tern, 28.8Black headed gull, <10Liapwing, 201.6Slavonian grebe, 216.7Marsh sandpiper, <10(1). The mean concentrations of hexachloroethane measured in C. sapidus, F. heteroclitus, M. Undulatus, and B. Patronus samples collected from different locations in the Bayou d'Inde located 6.4 km west of Lake Charles, Louisiana were 0.132-0.281, 2.32-12.2, 0.641-4.29, and 2.92-5.14 mg/kg of lipid, respectively(2). |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough.Redness.irritation eyes, skin, mucous membraneIn Animals: kidney damage[potential occupational carcinogen] |
| 大気基準 | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non-air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Hexachloroethane is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart.Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Hexachloroethane is included on this list. |
| CERCLA 報告数量 | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| 清浄水法要件 | Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Chlorinated ethanes/The levels of hexachloroethane in ambient water which may result in an incremental cancer risk of 1X10-5, 1X10-6, and 1X10-7 over an individual lifetime are estimated to be 19 ug/l, 1.9 ug/l, and 0.19 ug/l, respectively. On the basis of the consumption of aquatic organisms alone, the corresponding levels in ambient water are estimated to be 87.4 ug/l, 8.74 ug/l, and 0.87 ug/l, respectively. |
| 州飲料水ガイドライン | (ME) MAINE 7 ug/L |
| 連邦飲料水ガイドライン | EPA 1 ug/l |
| 職業暴露区分（OEB） | B |
| 職業暴露限界（OEL） | TWA: 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) [skin] (Chloroethanes) |
| 水環境危害等級（WGK） | 3 |
| 生命健康即時危険濃度 | 300 ppm |
| TSCA 収載状態 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 番号 | KI4025000 |
| 輸送番号（UN） | UN 9037 |
| 毒性 | MLD i.v. in dogs: 325 mg/kg (Barsoum, Saad) |
| PRTR法 | 第二種指定化学物質 |
| 税関コード | 29031990 |
| 危険文句（R） | 40-51/53-36/37/38-39/23/24/25-36/38-23/24/25-11-50/53-52/53 |
| 化審法 | (2)-57 |
| 安衛法 | 57,57-2 |
| 危険表示 | Xn,N,T,F |
| 安全措置（S） | 36/37-61-45-36/37/39-26-24-16-7-37/39 |
| 危険等級 | 9Aquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1Carc. 2Eye Irrit. 2 |
| 包装等級 | III |
| 貯蔵分類 | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| 有害物質データ | 67-72-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
用途
解説
ヘキサクロロエタン，化学式 CCl3CCl3 。カーボンヘキサクロリド，パークロロエタンともいう。ショウノウ様の臭気をもつ結晶。容易に昇華する。沸点 186.8℃。水に不溶，アルコール，ベンゼン，クロロホルム，油に可溶。爆発性のため注意が必要。セルロイド製造でショウノウの代用，ゴムの加硫の際の硫化促進剤などの用途がある。人に対する毒性として，皮膚刺激，粘膜や肝臓をおかす。高濃度では麻酔の働きをする。獣医薬として牛などの肝蛭 (かんてつ) 駆除剤となる。
用途
農薬(殺虫剤、防虫剤)、有機合成原料、アルミニウム鋳物脱ガス剤、脱酸剤。
用途
発煙筒用発煙剤、花火、家畜駆虫剤、アルミニウム鋳物脱ガス、脱酸剤(アルミニウム、マグネシウム、銅及びこれらの合金に用いられる)、切削油添加剤、塩化ビニル可塑助剤、エッチングガス
使用
Hexachloroethane is used as a solvent, infireworks and smoke devices; in explosives,in celluloid, as an insecticide, and as a rubbervulcanizing accelerator. Earlier it was used asan anthelmintic for livestock. Hexachloroethane is a highly efficient chlorinating agent in the preparation of chlorosilanes from hydrosilanes.
一般的な説明
Hexachloroethane is a colorless, crystalline solid with a camphor-like odor. Hexachloroethane may cause illness from inhalation or ingestion and may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. When heated to high temperatures Hexachloroethane may emit toxic fumes. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Hexachloroethane is used to make other chemicals.
製法・合成法
純化方法
Steam distil it, then crystallise it from 95% EtOH. Dry it in the dark under vacuum. [Beilstein 1 IV 148.]