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イソシアン酸
イソシアナト · カルボイミド · イソシアナート · カルビミド · イソシアン酸 · イソシアネート · カルボキシミドイルオキシダン · HNCO
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 75-13-8 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | CHNO |
| 平均分子量 | 43.025 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 43.00581365 g/mol |
| SMILES | N=C=O |
| InChIKey | OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 6347 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:29202 |
| EC No. | 616-189-3 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID9073884 |
| 現地名 | イソシアン酸 |
化学・物理的性質
| XLogP | 1 |
|---|---|
| 極性表面積 | 40.9 |
| 水素結合供与体数 | 1 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 2 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 0 |
| 重原子数 | 3 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 27.8 |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Coriolis coupling |
| 蒸気圧 | 996 [mm Hg] @25 °C |
| 融点 | -86 °C |
| 沸点 | 41.91°C (rough estimate) |
| 密度 | 1.04±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) |
| 屈折率 | 1.4300 (estimate) |
| pH | 3.35(1 mM solution)2.76(10 mM solution)2.23(100 mM solution) |
| 比熱容量 | Cp(gas): 1.04 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| ヘンリー定数 | 2.0×10-1 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Roberts and Liu (2019) |
| InChI | InChI=1S/CHNO/c2-1-3/h2H |
| InChIKey | OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | N=C=O |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | Isocyanic acid (75-13-8) |
化学性质
ウレタン変性アルキド樹脂の変性剤として用いられる。
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | DangerH302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P233, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P342+P316, P362+P364, P363, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 38 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
|---|---|
| Hazard Classes and Categories | Acute Tox. 4 (100%) |
| Protective Action Criteria (PAC) | 2.0 [ppm]7.1 [ppm]15 [ppm] |
| Treatment | Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L97) |
| 健康影響 | Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97) |
| 暴露経路 | Inhalation (L96)oral (L96)dermal (L96) |
| 毒性の概要 | Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97) |
用途
解説
イソシアン酸，HN=C=O(43.02)．シアン酸HOCNとの互変異性体．雷酸HONCの構造異性体．シアン酸と同じく，シアヌル酸の熱分解で生成する．気体分子は，H-N0.99 Å，N-C1.21 Å，C-O1.17 Å．∠H-N-C128°，∠N-C-O180°．気体状態またはCCl4，ベンゼン，エーテルなどの溶液中では，おもにイソシアン酸の形をとり，数週間は安定である．水にわずかに溶け，主としてシアン酸形をとるが，不安定で加水分解して炭酸水素アンモニウムになる．イソシアン酸エステルRNCO(Rは炭化水素基)には，シアン酸エステルに比べて，安定なものが多い．金属塩は，金属の種類によってMNCO，MOCNの双方の型のものが得られる．金属錯体でも配位子がO-配位(シアナト錯体)，N-配位(イソシアナト錯体)の双方のものが知られている．
用途
アルキド樹脂の変性剤