(R)-α-(ヒドロキシメチル)ベンゼン酢酸(1R,5S)-トロパン-3α-イル

DEA NFLIS-Drug Category -> Hallucinogens

Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15

Side effects of hyoscyamine include dry mouth and throat, eye pain, blurred vision, restlessness, dizziness, arrythmia, flushing, and faintness. An overdose will cause headache, nausea, vomiting, and central nervous system symptoms including disorientation, hallucinations, euphoria, sexual arousal, short-term memory loss, and possible coma in extreme cases. (L1255)

AT THERAPEUTIC DOSAGES, THE ISOMERS DIFFER MARKEDLY IN POTENCY, BOTH PERIPHERALLY & CENTRALLY. AT TOXIC DOSES, THE ISOMERS ARE EQUALLY POTENT. IN MICE, THE LD50 IS 81 MG/KG FOR (+)-HYOSCYAMINE & 95 MG/KG FOR (-)-HYOSCYAMINE. THE ED50 (CONVULSIONS) IS THE SAME, 54 MG/KG, FOR BOTH ISOMERS IN THE MOUSE.

Hyoscyamine is a plant toxin found in certain plants of the Solanaceae family, including henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), mandrake (Mandragora officinarum), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), and deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna). It is used as a drug to provide symptomatic relief to various gastrointestinal disorders including spasms, peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, pancreatitis, colic and cystitis. It has also been used to relieve some heart problems, control some of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, as well as for control of respiratory secretions in palliative care.(L1255)

THE DEXTRO & LEVO ISOMERS DIFFER MARKEDLY IN POTENCY AT THERAPEUTIC CONCENTRATIONS, BOTH CENTRALLY & PERIPHERALLY. BOTH ISOMERS APPEAR TO HAVE EQUAL POTENCY AT TOXIC CONCENTRATIONS, HOWEVER.

LIVER HOMOGENATES OF RABBITS CONTAINING HYOSCYAMINE ACYLHYDROLASE HYDROLYZED HYOSCYAMINE TO TROPINE AND (-)-TROPIC ACID BUT DID NOT CLEAVE (+)-HYOSCYAMINE. BECAUSE OF THE STEREOSPECIFICITY OF THIS ENZYME, THE HYOSCYAMINE COMPONENT OF (+)-HYOSCYAMINE PREPN OBTAINED CHEMICALLY COULD BE DETECTED AND THE DEXTROROTATORY OPTICAL ANTIPODE COULD BE PREPARED IN THE PURE FORM.