Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

200.0 [ppm]

200.0 [ppm]

Suitable extinguishing media: Dry powder, dry sand. Unsuitable extinguishing media: Do NOT use water jet.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

To fight fire, use water spray, foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Recommended storage temperature 2-8 °C. Light sensitive. Air and moisture sensitive. Refrigerate before opening. Storage class (TRGS 510): 3: Flammable liquids.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with non-combustible absorbent material, (e.g. sand, earth, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite) and place in container for disposal according to local/national regulations.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U079, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids; Also, a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids; Also a potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Use explosion-proof equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

200.0 [ppm]

200.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 200 ppm.

Peak Exposure Recommendation: Transient increases in workers' exposure levels may exceed 3 times the value of the TLV-TWA level for no more than 15 minutes at a time, on no more than 4 occasions spaced 1 hour apart during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the value of the TLV-TWA level. In addition, the 8-hour TWA is not to be exceeded for an 8-hour work period.

ATSDR Toxicological Profile for 1,2-Dichloroethene - Succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information.

Ranking: 63 (total points: 1245.72)

trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene was not detected (detection limit 0.024 ppb) in blood samples collected from the general population, number of samples, sample dates and locations were not available(1). trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene was one of 110 chemicals monitored in blood and urine samples of 321 firefighters that responded to the Sept 11, 2001 World Trade Center collapse and 47 firefighters that were used as a control group(2). trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene was determined to be not statistically different for these groups(2).

Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of seizures, administer a benzodiazepine IV. Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes in case of eye exposure. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines. (T36)

Several nitriles, including allylnitrile and cis-crotononitrile, have been shown to be ototoxic and cause hair cell degeneration in the auditory and vestibular sensory epithelia of mice. However, these nitriles can also be lethal due in large part to the microsomal metabolic release of cyanide, which is mostly dependent on the activity of the 2E1 isoform of the cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1). In this study, we co-administered mice with a nitrile and, to reduce their lethal effects, a selective CYP2E1 inhibitor: diallylsulfide (DAS) or trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (TDCE). Both in female 129S1/SvImJ (129S1) mice co-treated with DAS and cis-crotononitrile and in male RjOrl:Swiss/CD-1 (Swiss) mice co-treated with TDCE and allylnitrile, the nitrile caused a dose-dependent loss of vestibular function, as assessed by a specific behavioral test battery, and of hair cells, as assessed by hair bundle counts using scanning electron microscopy. In the experiments, the CYP2E1 inhibitors provided significant protection against the lethal effects of the nitriles and did not diminish the vestibular toxicity as assessed by behavioral effects in comparison to animals receiving no inhibitor. Additional experiments using a single dose of allylnitrile demonstrated that TDCE does not cause hair cell loss on its own and does not modify the vestibular toxicity of the nitrile in either male or female 129S1 mice. In all the experiments, high vestibular dysfunction scores in the behavioral test battery predicted extensive to complete loss of hair cells in the utricles. This provides a means of selecting animals for subsequent studies of vestibular hair cell regeneration or replacement.

Environmental and occupational exposures are typically to mixtures of chemicals, although most toxicity information is for individual compounds. Interactions between chemicals may involve pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic effects resulting in modulation of toxicity. Therefore, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling has been used to analyze data describing the metabolism of vinyl chloride (VC) and trichloroethylene (TCE) mixtures in rats. A single saturable pathway was modeled, representing cytochrome P450 2E1. This was partially validated using preexposure to trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (tDCE) which virtually eliminated in vivo metabolism of both VC and TCE at low concentrations. Microsomes from tDCE-exposed animals showed inhibition of metabolism of P450 2E1 substrates (chlorzoxazone, p-nitrophenol, and TCE) and no effect on 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylation. Studies with liver microsomes from VC-exposed animals found that neither suicide inhibition nor induction occurred during 6-hr exposures to high concentrations. Therefore, these effects were not modeled. Modeling of mixtures of VC and TCE was successful only using competitive inhibition, as might be predicted for cytochrome P450 2E1 substrates, and not uncompetitive or noncompetitive inhibition. These results were further confirmed by determining the depletion of glutathione due to VC metabolism. The validation of a detailed model for the inhibition kinetics of metabolism of these two compounds permits better understanding of the implications of coexposures for toxicity. It is notable that competitive inhibition only becomes significant at relatively high concentrations (tens of ppm), while at typical low environmental concentrations (ppb), absorption is perfusion limited and enzyme is in excess so that the chemicals will be metabolized independently.

Dermal (Skin), Immunological (Immune System), Ocular (Eyes)

Immune

Breathing trans-1,2-DCE can cause sever liver and kidney damages, pulmonary capillary hyperemia, as well as alveolar septal distention; depression of the central nervous sustem can occur; moderate iritis and conjunctivitis can follow eye exposure; dermatitis and irritation of mucous membranes can follow dermal exposure. Symptoms associated with lethal oral doses included decreased activity, ataxia, suppressed or total loss of righting reflex, and depressed respiration. (L585)

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or = 24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.4-9.4, hardness 173 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 6.5-9.1 mg/L; Concentration: 230000 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 200000-280000 ug/L) /> or =80% purity/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or = 24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.4-9.4, hardness 173 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 6.5-9.1 mg/L; Concentration: 220000 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 170000-290000 ug/L) /> or =80% purity/

LC50; Species: Lepomis machrochirus (bluegill); Conditions: static unmeasured bioassay; Concentration: 135,000 ug/L for 96 hr

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported Koc of 59(2), indicates that trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 9.38X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(3). trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 331 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). A 0% of Theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation may not be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). However, the half-lives of 21 and 23 days, measured in two soil studies indicate that trans-1,2-dichloroethylene will degrade in soil(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported Koc of 59(2), indicates that trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 9.38X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 11(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.09(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The half-life of trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene in two aquatic field biodegradation studies was 26 and 27 days(9). Under anoxic conditions using uncontaminated organic sediment, 73% of the chemical was lost in 6 months with the accompanying formation of vinyl chloride(10), suggesting that anaerobic biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, which has a vapor pressure of 331 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone and nitrate radicals(SRC); the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 6.9, 57 and 310 days(SRC), calculated from respective rate constants of 2.34X10-12(3), 2.0X10-19(4) and 1.07X10-16(5) cu cm/molecule-sec. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene was detected in three of 13 cheddar cheese samples at 10-24 ppb(1). trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene was not detected in 69 of 70 different food type samples (whole milk, vanilla ice milk, American, Swiss, or cream cheese, sour cream, vanilla ice cream, sherbet, popsicles, mixed nuts, ground beef, homemade meatloaf, chuck roast, pork bacon, hot dogs, bologna, salami, tuna, fish sticks, quarter pounder, chicken nuggets, fried chicken, french fries, quarter pounder/cheese, taco/tostada, cheese pizza, cheese/pepperoni pizza, strawberries, raisins, avocados, tomatoes, bananas, apples, oranges, coleslaw, scrambled eggs, peanut butter, cream style corn, white bread, blueberry muffins, corn chips, potato chips, fruit-flavored cereal, graham crackers, butter crackers, commercial chocolate cake, chocolate snack cake, cake doughnuts, brownies, sugar cookies, sweet rolls, chocolate chip cookies, sandwich cookies, apple pie, milk chocolate candy bar, caramels, cola, low-calorie cola, fruit-flavored drink, orange juice, margarine, butter, olive/safflower oil, milk or soy-based infant formula, strained/junior beef, carrots or apple juice) during the US FDA total diet program that was run 1996 to 2000 with samplings done four times a year(1).

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

U079; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b).

(AZ) ARIZONA 70 ug/L

(ME) MAINE 140 ug/L

(MN) MINNESOTA 100 ug/L

Used as a solvent and chemical intermediate; [ACGIH] Used as a refrigerant, degreaser, dry cleaning agent, and solvent for perfumes, adhesives, lacquers, oils, and resins; [HSDB] Only the trans isomer is commercially available in the US--used for precision cleaning of electronic components and a small amount used as a blowing agent for specialty foams; [EPA Toxicological Review, 2010]

Metal Degreasing [Category: Clean]

Used as a solvent for fats, phenol, camphor, etc. and as an intermediated for chlorinated solvents and compounds; [Merck Index] Also used to make rubber, as a refrigerant, an additive (dyes, lacquer solutions, medicines, perfumes, and thermoplastics), and to retard fermentation; [NTP] The trans- isomer is used industrially more than the cis- isomer or the commercial mixture; [HSDB]

Painting (Solvents) [Category: Paint]

... Used as a solvent for waxes, resins and acetylcellulose. It is also used in the extraction of rubber, as a refrigerant; in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and artificial pearls; and in the extraction of oils and fats from fish and meat. /1,2-Dichloroethylene/

Current uses for trans-1,2-DCE include its use as a degreasing agent and as one component of formulated products used for precision cleaning of electronic components. A small amount is used as a blowing agent for specialty foam.

2023: 1,000,000 - <5,000,000 lb

trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.[Table#5918]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-, (1E)-. Aggregated National Production Volume: 1 to < 10 million pounds.

Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-, (1E)-. National Production Volume: 1,000,000 - 10,000,000 lb/yr.

Non-confidential 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: trans-1,2-Dichloroethene:

Preparation of trans-form: Adler, United States of America patent 2440997 (1948 to Stockholms Superfosfot Fabriks Aktiebolag).

Dichloroethylenes (cis: [156-59-2]; trans: [156-60-5]) often occur as an isomeric mixture during the production of chlorinated hydrocarbons, where they are produced by sidereactions, e.g., by thermal decomposition of 1,1,2-trichloroethane or from acetylene by chlorine addition. The isomers can be separated by fractional distillation.

In the thermal dehydrochlorination of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, the 1,2-dichloroethylenes are obtained together with the 1,1-isomer. With increasing temperature, formation of the 1,2-isomers increases. The trans isomer is preferentially formed. With catalysts, the individual ratios can be varied to some extent. /1,2-Dichloroethylenes/

All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-, (1E)-: ACTIVE

Trans-isomer is more widely used in industry than either the cis-isomer or the commercial mixture.

Because of the relatively low demand for 1,2- dichloroethylenes they are not deliberately produced in large quantities. They occur as byproducts in some processes, such as the production of vinyl chloride, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene and can be withdrawn and purified if required. /1,2-Dichloroethylenes/

The 1,2-dichloroethylenes are commercially unimportant, because they do not polymerize, have relatively low boiling points, and can form explosive mixtures with air. In applications where dichloroethylenes could be used as solvents and for low temperature extraction processes, they have been replaced by methylene chloride, which has a higher solvency, is readily available, and is based on less expensive feedstocks. /1,2-Dichloroethylenes/