1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane:

(General first aid procedures)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

/During firefighting wear/ self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.

Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do not let this chemical enter the environment.

If ... spilled or leaked, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. If in the liq form, collect for reclamation or absorb in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. 3. If in the solid form, collect spilled material in the most convenient & safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in ... /an approved/ landfill.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

1. If in the liquid form, by absorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or similar material and disposing in ... /an approved/ landfill. 2. If in the solid form, by disposing in ... /an approved/ landfill.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLORO-1,2-DIFLUOROETHANE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 200(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 50.5 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 120 mg/L(4). 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Structurally similar compounds such as Freon 12 and Freon 114 have been shown to biodegrade under anaerobic conditions(5), suggesting that 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane may also biodegrade under anaerobic conditions(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 200(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 50.5 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 120 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.5 hours and 5.6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), BCF values of 36-106 measured in carp(7), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high(SRC). Structurally similar compounds such as Freon 12 and Freon 114 have been shown to biodegrade under anaerobic conditions(8), suggesting that 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane may also biodegrade under anaerobic conditions(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 50.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane is extremely stable in the troposphere(3); this compound does not react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone molecules, or nitrate radicals in the troposphere(4). 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane will gradually diffuse into the stratosphere above the ozone layer where it will slowly degrade due to direct photolysis from UV-C radiation and contribute to the catalytic removal of stratospheric ozone(4).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Irregular heartbeat. Confusion. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.

Redness.

Redness.

In Animals: irritation eyes, skin; conjunctivitis; pulmonary edema; narcosis

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of March 1, 2013: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=76-12-0]

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane can be estimated to be 200(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Early ... human experience indicated that high vapor concentration (eg, 20%) may cause confusion, pulmonary irritation, tremors & rarely coma, but ... these effects were generally transient & without late sequelae. /Fluorocarbon Refrigerants & Propellants/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Cause of death /from abuse of fluorocarbons/ ... in ... doubt. Laryngeal spasm or edema, oxygen displacement, sensitization of myocardium to endogenous catecholamines with ... ventricular fibrillation appear to be ... possibilities. /Fluorocarbon Refrigerants & Propellants/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Aerosol sprays containing fluorocarbon propellants including CFC-112 are a source of solvent intoxication. Prolonged exposure or daily use may result in damage to several organ systems. Clinical problems include cardiac arrhythmias, bone marrow depression, cerebral degeneration, and damage to liver, kidney, and peripheral nerves. Death occasionally has been attributed to inhalant abuse, probably via the mechanism of cardiac arrhythmia, especially accompanying exercise or upper airway obstruction.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Cause of death /from abuse of fluorocarbons/ is in ... doubt. Freezing of airway soft tissues can probably be eliminated ... except in cases where product was sprayed directly into mouth from container or balloon containing some liq. /Fluorocarbon refrigerants & propellants/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLORO-1,2-DIFLUOROETHANE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ANAEROBIC: Structurally similar compounds such as Freon 12 and Freon 114 have been shown to biodegrade under anaerobic conditions(1), suggesting that 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane may also biodegrade under anaerobic conditions(SRC).

BCF values of 36-106 were measured in carp exposed to 50 ug/L of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane over a 6 week incubation period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high(SRC).

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), after consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is amending FDA's regulation on the use of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) in selfpressurized containers to remove the essential-use designations for flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil used in oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). The Clean Air Act requires FDA, in consultation with the EPA, to determine whether an FDA-regulated product that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS. FDA has concluded that there are no substantial technical barriers to formulating flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil as products that do not release ODSs, and therefore they will no longer be essential uses of ODSs as of the effective dates of this rule. MDIs for these active moieties containing an ODS may not be marketed after the relevant effective date. DATES: Removal of Part 2.125(e)(2)(iii) and 2.125(e)(4)(vii) is effective June 14, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(v) and 2.125(e)(4)(iv) is effective December 31, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(iii) is effective June 30, 2011. Removal of 2.125(e)(2)(iv) and Part 2.125(e)(4)(viii) is effective December 31, 2013. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/

Use of ozone-depleting substances in foods, drugs, devices, or cosmetics. (a) As used in this section, ozone-depleting substance (ODS) means any class I substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix A to subpart A, or class II substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix B to subpart A. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, any food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is not an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act. (c) A food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act if paragraph (e) of this section specifies the use of that product as essential. For drugs, including biologics and animal drugs, and for devices, an investigational application or an approved marketing application must be in effect, as applicable. ... (e) The use of ODSs in the following products is essential: ... (2) Metered-dose short-acting adrenergic bronchodilator human drugs for oral inhalation. Oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers containing the following active moieties: ... (iv) Pirbuterol. ... (4) Other essential uses. (iii) Anesthetic drugs for topical use on accessible mucous membranes of humans where a cannula is used for application. ... (vi) Metered-dose atropine sulfate aerosol human drugs administered by oral inhalation. ... (viii) Metered-dose ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate, in combination, administered by oral inhalation for human use. (ix) Sterile aerosol talc administered intrapleurally by thoracoscopy for human use. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/