Cfc 113

log Kow = 3.16

3.30

Nearly odorless

Odor like carbon tetrachloride at high concentrations

Faint solvent odor

1.5635 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.5635 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.56

1.56

(77 °F): 1.56

Liquid

Colorless gas

Volatile liquid

Colorless to water-white liquid ... [Note: A gas above 118 degrees F]

Clear, dense, colorless liquid

Insoluble (NTP, 1992)

In water, 170 mg/L at 25 °C

Soluble in ethanol; miscible with ethyl ether and benzene

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.02

(77 °F): 0.02%

117.9 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

47.7 °C

48 °C

118 °F

118 °F

Decomposes on contact with hot surfaces or flames. This produces toxic and corrosive gases of hydrogen chloride, phosgene, hydrogen fluoride and carbonyl fluoride. Reacts violently with powdered metals. This generates fire and explosion hazard. Attacks magnesium and its alloys.

Under certain conditions, /chlorofluorocarbon/ vapors may decompose on contact with flames or hot surfaces, creating the potential hazard of inhalation of toxic decomposition products. /Chlorofluorocarbon/

The appearance of toxic decomposition products serves as warning of the occurrence of thermal decompositon and detection of a sharp acrid odor warns of the presence of these products. /Fluorocarbons/

-33.5 °F (NTP, 1992)

-36.22 °C

-36 °C

-33.5 °F

-31 °F

6.5 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 6.5

Odor Threshold Low: 45.0 [ppm]；Odor Threshold High: 70.0 [ppm]；Odor thresholds (detection at 45 ppm and recognition at 70 ppm) from CHEMINFO

Odor detection in air: 4.5x10+1 ppm; odor recognition in air: 6.8x10+1 ppm /Purities not specified/

Low: 342 mg/cu m; High: 1026 mg/cu m /From table/

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2.4% (5 of 206) of reports.

Warning

H319 (70.4%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H411 (93.2%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]；H420 (32%): Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere [Warning Hazardous to the ozone layer]

P264+P265, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P317, P391, P501, and P502 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 206 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.；Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 5 of 206 reports by companies.；There are 8 notifications provided by 201 of 206 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Chemical: Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro-

Hazard Traits - Hepatotoxicity and Digestive System Toxicity；Authoritative List - CA MCLs; CWA 303(d)；Report - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredient

Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic gases including hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, and very small amounts of phosgene, fluorine and chlorine are produced.；Behavior in Fire: While no flash point is reported, the material may burn if ignited by a high intensity heat source. (USCG, 1999)

Combustible under specific conditions. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Not combustible.

Combustible when exposed to heat or flame.

A weak narcotic and strong cardiac sensitizer compared to other CFCs; In animal experiments, CNS depression occurs with exposures above 12,000 ppm; Mild liver changes are noted at concentrations somewhat below this; [ACGIH] Inhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression and cardiac arrhythmias; In confined space spill, may displace air and act as simple asphyxiant; An eye irritant; [ICSC]

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), after consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is amending FDA's regulation on the use of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) in selfpressurized containers to remove the essential-use designations for flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil used in oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). The Clean Air Act requires FDA, in consultation with the EPA, to determine whether an FDA-regulated product that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS. FDA has concluded that there are no substantial technical barriers to formulating flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil as products that do not release ODSs, and therefore they will no longer be essential uses of ODSs as of the effective dates of this rule. MDIs for these active moieties containing an ODS may not be marketed after the relevant effective date. DATES: Removal of Part 2.125(e)(2)(iii) and 2.125(e)(4)(vii) is effective June 14, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(v) and 2.125(e)(4)(iv) is effective December 31, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(iii) is effective June 30, 2011. Removal of 2.125(e)(2)(iv) and Part 2.125(e)(4)(viii) is effective December 31, 2013. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/

Use of ozone-depleting substances in foods, drugs, devices, or cosmetics. (a) As used in this section, ozone-depleting substance (ODS) means any class I substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix A to subpart A, or class II substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix B to subpart A. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, any food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is not an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act. (c) A food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act if paragraph (e) of this section specifies the use of that product as essential. For drugs, including biologics and animal drugs, and for devices, an investigational application or an approved marketing application must be in effect, as applicable. ... (e) The use of ODSs in the following products is essential: ... (2) Metered-dose short-acting adrenergic bronchodilator human drugs for oral inhalation. Oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers containing the following active moieties: ... (iv) Pirbuterol. ... (4) Other essential uses. (iii) Anesthetic drugs for topical use on accessible mucous membranes of humans where a cannula is used for application. ... (vi) Metered-dose atropine sulfate aerosol human drugs administered by oral inhalation. ... (viii) Metered-dose ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate, in combination, administered by oral inhalation for human use. (ix) Sterile aerosol talc administered intrapleurally by thoracoscopy for human use. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/

A mixture of 99 percent chlorofluorocarbon 113 (1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane) (CAS Reg. No. 76-13-1, also known as fluorocarbon 113, CFC 113 and FC 113) and 1 percent perfluorohexane (CAS Reg. No. 355-42-0) may be safely used in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) The additive chlorofluorocarbon 113 has a purity of not less than 99.99 percent. (b) The additive mixture is intended for use to quickly cool or crust-freeze chickens sealed in intact bags composed of substances regulated in parts 174, 175, 177, 178, and section 179.45 of this chapter and conforming to any limitations or specifications in such regulations.

USEPA; Health Assessment Document: 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (1983) EPA-600/58-5-82-002F

Zakhari S, Aviado DM; Cardiovascular Toxicology of Aerosol Propellants, Refrigerants and Related Solvents; Target Organ Toxicology Series: Cardiovascular Toxicology, XII+ 388 pages; Raven Press: New York, NY 281-326 (1982). Review of the toxicology of aerosol propellants, refrigerants and related solvents on the cardiovascular system of humans.

Barlow SM, Sullivan FM; Fluorocarbons; Reproductive Hazards of Industrial Chemicals pp.326-33 (1982.).

Production and Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances under the Montreal Protocol 1986 - 2004[UNEP; Ozone Secretariat UNEP November 2005, Available from, as of march 11, 2013: http://ozone.unep.org/Publications/Production_and_consumption2005.pdf]

For more Special Reports (Complete) data for 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

F002; When 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is a spent halogenated solvent, it is classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source (F002), as stated in 40 CFR 261.31, and must be managed according to state and/or federal hazardous waste regulations.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is included on this list. Effective date: 4/13/89; Sunset date: 12/19/95.

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Extinguish fires with material appropriate to the surrounding materials. (USCG, 1999)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.；SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.；INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.；INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)；Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.；Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.；Breathing: Respiratory support；Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Firefighters should wear self-contained, NIOSH-approved breathing apparatus for protection against suffocation and possible toxic decomposition products. Proper eye and skin protection should be provided. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool and to knock down vapors which may result from product decomposition.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

/During fire fighting wear/ self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.

Keep container closed when not in use. DO NOT store in open, unlabeled or mislabeled containers. Store in a cool, well- ventilated area of low fire risk. Protect container and its fittings from physical damage. Storage in subsurface locations should be avoided. Close valve tightly after use and when empty. If container temperature exceeds boiling point, cool the container before opening.

Separated from metals and alloys. ... Cool. Ventilation along the floor.

Always wear recommended personal protective equipment. Immediately evacuate the area and provide maximum ventilation. Try to eliminate all ignition sources. Unprotected personnel should move upwind from spill. Only personnel equipped with proper respiratory and eye/skin protection should be permitted in the area. Dike area to contain the spill. Take precautions as necessary to prevent contamination of ground and surface waters. For large spills, pump material into appropriate containers. For small spills, recover or absorb spilled material using an absorbent designed for chemical spills such as Hazsorb pillows. Place used absorbents into closed DOT approved containers for disposal. After all visible traces have been removed, thoroughly wet vacuum the area. DO NOT flush into sewer. If the area of the spill is porous, removal of contaminated earth/surface may be required.

If ... spilled or leaked, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. Collect for reclamation or absorb in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material.

Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Do not let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.；STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under freezer conditions, and keep it away from all oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number F002, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Incineration, preferably after mixing with ... combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Skin that becomes contaminated with liquid 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water.

Sufficient exhaust & general ventilation should be provided to keep vapor concn below recommended levels. /Fluorocarbons/

Many of the fluorocarbons are good solvents of skin oil, so protective ointment should be used. /Fluorocarbons/

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The interaction of Freon 113 and hypoxia on the heart conduction system was investigated by using the isolated perfused hearts from Wistar rats. The mean preexposure heart rate was 214.8 beats per minute and the mean preexposure atrioventricular conduction time (PQ interval was 42.9 milliseconds. Freon 113 alone elicited significant change to control levels in heart rate which was enhanced by the coadministration of hypoxia. An enhanced delayed PQ interval was noted following coadministration of Freon 113 and hypoxia, although significant PQ interval changes were noted with Freon 113 alone or with hypoxia alone. In the coadministration group, a 2:1 atrioventricular block was elicited in two of four hearts. It was suggested that in occupational deaths among Freon 113 workers, there may be complex interactions between hypoxia, enhanced cardiac sensitivity to circulating epinephrine, and direct alterations of cardiac muscle cell membrane potentials which result in arrhythmias following Freon 113 exposures.

In studies of cardiac sensitization with conscious dogs exposed at 5000 ppm for 5 minutes in conjuction with intravenous epinephrine, 10 of 29 showed serious arrhythmia...If exposures were increased to 0.5 to 6 hours at 2000 to 2500 ppm and accompanied by intravenous epinephrine, arrhythmia occasionally occurred; however, 1000 ppm failed to elicit arrhythmia, even after four successive 6-hour exposures. Endogenous epinephrine produced by fright was insufficient to cause arrythmia at 12,000 ppm. At concentrations > 25,000 ppm, tachycardia, hypotension, or myocardial depression developed in dogs, monkeys, or rats exposed under anesthesia or various experimental conditions.

Nervous

Skin, heart, central nervous system, cardiovascular system

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 552(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.16(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.26X10-1 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 363 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 170 mg/L(5). 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0-5% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane was degraded under anaerobic landfill conditions using an anoxic landfill leachate microcosm(7), suggesting this compound may biodegrade in soils under anaerobic conditions(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 552(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.16(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.26X10-1 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 363 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 170 mg/L(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 hour and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), BCF's of 11-68(8) suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0-5% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(8) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 363 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor. 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is extremely stable in the troposphere, being essentially inert to reaction with photochemically generated radicals and ozone molecules in the troposphere(3). As a result of its long half-life, a substantial fraction of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trdifluoroethane will slowly diffuse to the stratosphere. Once in the upper stratosphere, it is dissociated through photolysis, reaction with hydroxyl radical and excited atomic oxygen resulting in the release of chlorine. These chlorine atoms then become part of a catalytic process that contributes to the destruction of the ozone layer(4).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Irregular heartbeat. Confusion. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

irritation skin, throat, drowsiness, dermatitis; central nervous system depression; In Animals: cardiac arrhythmias, narcosis

The annual emissions of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane were estimated at 100 million kg/yr, increasing exponentially at 5% per year from 1981 through 1988(1). The total evaporative losses (in percentages) of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane from cleaning and electronic maintenance operations at the Newark AFB, Ohio, was from spraying/flushing booths at 71%, ultrasonic cleaners at 21%, degreasers at 4.3%, and brushing/wiping and miscellaneous at a 1.7(2). 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane concentrations in samples from six municipal solid waste landfills in Hamburg, Germany ranged from not detected to 0.01 mg/kg(3). The range in landfill gas from seven U.K. municipal waste disposal sites was <0.5 to 74 mg/cu m(4).

1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113)

Nervous

3 x 10 ^1 mg/kg-day

Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions (listed below) which might place the employee at increased risk from ... exposure. ... 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure. Persons with existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent. ... In persons with impaired cardiovascular function, especially those with a history of cardiac arrhythmias, the breathing of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its sensitizing properties. ... Any employee developing the above-listed conditions should be referred for further medical examination.

The Koc of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is estimated as 552(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.16(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is expected to have low mobility in soil.

Chemical: Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro-

Hazard Traits - Hepatotoxicity and Digestive System Toxicity；Authoritative List - CA MCLs; CWA 303(d)；Report - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredient

Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), after consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is amending FDA's regulation on the use of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) in selfpressurized containers to remove the essential-use designations for flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil used in oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). The Clean Air Act requires FDA, in consultation with the EPA, to determine whether an FDA-regulated product that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS. FDA has concluded that there are no substantial technical barriers to formulating flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil as products that do not release ODSs, and therefore they will no longer be essential uses of ODSs as of the effective dates of this rule. MDIs for these active moieties containing an ODS may not be marketed after the relevant effective date. DATES: Removal of Part 2.125(e)(2)(iii) and 2.125(e)(4)(vii) is effective June 14, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(v) and 2.125(e)(4)(iv) is effective December 31, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(iii) is effective June 30, 2011. Removal of 2.125(e)(2)(iv) and Part 2.125(e)(4)(viii) is effective December 31, 2013. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/

Use of ozone-depleting substances in foods, drugs, devices, or cosmetics. (a) As used in this section, ozone-depleting substance (ODS) means any class I substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix A to subpart A, or class II substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix B to subpart A. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, any food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is not an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act. (c) A food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act if paragraph (e) of this section specifies the use of that product as essential. For drugs, including biologics and animal drugs, and for devices, an investigational application or an approved marketing application must be in effect, as applicable. ... (e) The use of ODSs in the following products is essential: ... (2) Metered-dose short-acting adrenergic bronchodilator human drugs for oral inhalation. Oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers containing the following active moieties: ... (iv) Pirbuterol. ... (4) Other essential uses. (iii) Anesthetic drugs for topical use on accessible mucous membranes of humans where a cannula is used for application. ... (vi) Metered-dose atropine sulfate aerosol human drugs administered by oral inhalation. ... (viii) Metered-dose ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate, in combination, administered by oral inhalation for human use. (ix) Sterile aerosol talc administered intrapleurally by thoracoscopy for human use. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/

A mixture of 99 percent chlorofluorocarbon 113 (1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane) (CAS Reg. No. 76-13-1, also known as fluorocarbon 113, CFC 113 and FC 113) and 1 percent perfluorohexane (CAS Reg. No. 355-42-0) may be safely used in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) The additive chlorofluorocarbon 113 has a purity of not less than 99.99 percent. (b) The additive mixture is intended for use to quickly cool or crust-freeze chickens sealed in intact bags composed of substances regulated in parts 174, 175, 177, 178, and section 179.45 of this chapter and conforming to any limitations or specifications in such regulations.

F002; When 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is a spent halogenated solvent, it is classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source (F002), as stated in 40 CFR 261.31, and must be managed according to state and/or federal hazardous waste regulations.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is included on this list. Effective date: 4/13/89; Sunset date: 12/19/95.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2,-trifluoroethane is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

(FL) FLORIDA 500,000 ug/l

(MA) MASSACHUSETTS 210000 ug/l

(MN) MINNESOTA 200000 ug/l

Breath-holding trials of inspired CFC-113 found that total excretion in expired air after 1 hr was 63% of the inhaled compound, a value corresponding to an elimination half-time of 17 min.

In a study with exposure levels of 260-1000 ppm for 4 hr, /investigators/ demonstrated that the elimination of CFC-113 from humans is a three compartment model with average half-lives of elimination of 0.22, 2.3, and 29 hr.

The compound binds to rat cytochrome P-450 and the binding can be increased by phenobarbital induction; however, concurrent treatment with piperonyl butoxide failed to influence CFC-113 toxicity due principally to the extremely limited biotransformation of this compound in vivo.

The ratio of retained CFC to that found in expired air suggests that some metabolism does occur. The rate is, however, so low that it could not be concluded with certainty that CFC-113 is metabolized by man.

Arterial and venous concn of 3 C2 fluorocarbons were obtained in unanesthetized beagle dogs during and after 10 min of exposures. Blood concn increased rapidly during the 1st 5 min of exposure and more slowly or not at all thereafter. At termination of exposure, fluorocarbon blood concn decreased rapidly at 1st, followed by a more prolonged decline. An arterial-venous difference, observed during and after exposure, suggested a tissue uptake of fluorocarbon. Although a wide range of inspired concn 0.5% fluorocarbon 113, 2.5% fluorocarbon 114, and 15.0% fluorocarbon 115, is needed to produce cardiac sensitization, arterial or venous fluorocarbon concn associated with these sensitizing levels differ only slightly among the cmpds tested: 12.5, 13.8, and 5.8 ug/mL arterial and 4.9, 7.2 and 3.9 ug/mL venous respectively. Sensitizing blood levels from 25-35 ug/mL arterial and from 18-23 ug/mL venous were reported for C1 fluorocarbons 11 and 12.

Human exposure to CFC 113 is predominantly by inhalation and most of it is rapidly cleared from the body by exhalation.

Animal exposure studies indicate that CFC 113 partitions preferentially into lipid-rich tissues and is poorly metabolized. Loss of CFC 113 from all tissues is rapid during post-exposure periods with virtually 100% clearance within 24 hr after cessation of acute exposure.

Human & animal studies indicate rapid excretion of inhaled FC-114. In a study with radiolabeled FC-114, 30 min retention of the dose inhaled in a single breath was 12% versus 23%, 10%, & 20% for comparable doses of FC-11, FC-12, and FC-113, respectively.

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

CFC-113 has been used as s solvent (degreasing and dry cleaning), refrigerant, heat transfer liquid, and chemical intermediate; [ACGIH]

See CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS

Metal Degreasing [Category: Clean]；Dry Cleaning [Category: Clean]

Chemical intermediate

Electronics, metal, precision, dry cleaning agent /Former in USA/

Clean /semiconductor/ wafers; remove grease from printed circuit boards; in defluxing operations to remove solder flux after components are attached /to printed circuit boards/ /Former in USA/

Maximum limits of impurities: Residue after evaporation: 0.0005%; Water (by Karl Fischer titrn): 0.05%. /'Photrex' reagent/

Chlorofluoroalkanes (and also the alternative HCFCs and HFCs) produced on an industrial scale are subject to stringent standards. Impurities must not exceed the following limits (vol %): acids, 0; moisture, <0.001; higher-boiling fractions, <0.05; and other gases, 2. /Chlorofluoroalkanes/

2023: 75,000,000 - <150,000,000 lb；2022: 75,000,000 - <150,000,000 lb；2021: 75,000,000 - <150,000,000 lb；2020: 75,000,000 - <150,000,000 lb

(1974) 2.9X10+10 GRAMS

(1975) GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

>35 million lbs annual capacity

Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Most CFC 113 ... is used as a solvent /although/ it also has refrigerant applications (1984).

Refrigerants, 39%; foam blowing agents, 17%; solvents, 14%; fluoropolymers, 14%; sterilant gas, 2%; aerosol propellants, 2%; food freezant, 1%; other, 8%; exports, 3% (1985) /Fluorocarbons/

Approximately 160-170 million lb/yr ... is consumed in the United States, particularly by the electronics industry.

Reaction of perchloroethylene with a mixture of hydrogen fluoride and chlorine in the presence of a zirconium fluoride catalyst

From perchloroethylene and hafnium.

... Catalytic fluorination of perhalo-olefins or alkanes with hydrogen fluoride.

... By electrolysis of bromotrichloroethylene, lithium fluoride, and calcium fluoride in liquid hydrogen fluoride.

The most important commercial method for manufacturing CFCs and HCFCs is the successive replacement of chlorine by fluorine using hydrogen fluoride. The traditional, liquid-phase process uses antimony pentafluoride or a mixture of antimony trifluoride and chlorine as catalysts. Continuous vapor-phase processes that employ gaseous hydrogen fluoride in the presence of heterogenous chromium, iron, or fluorinated alumina catalysts also are widely used. Carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and hexachloroethane (or tetrachloroethylene plus chlorine) are commonly used starting materials for one- and two-carbon chlorofluorocarbons. The extent of chlorine exchange can be controlled by varying the hydrogen fluoride concentration, the contact time, or the reaction temperature. /CFCs and HCFCs/

Food Additives -> EXTRACTION_SOLVENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> EXTRACTION_SOLVENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing；Industrial Gas Manufacturing；All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing

Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro-: ACTIVE

SRP: The EPA has organized groups of chemicals into two classes according to their ozone-depletion potential. Class I controlled substances are those with an ozone-depletion potential of 0.2 or higher. Class II controlled substances are those with an ozone-potential of less than 0.2. Class II controlled substances are all hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).

In the United States, "Class I" substances were subject to the first round of phaseout targets. Class I substances have an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.2 or higher, and include halons, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl bromide. Section 604 of the Clean Air Act sets the phaseout targets for Class I substances. The ban on production and import of halons took effect on January 1, 1994. The ban on production and import of other Class I ODS /ozone-depleting substance/ - excluding methyl bromide - took effect on January 1, 1996.

The numbers in the "ODP1" column are from the Montreal Protocol. Some numbers have been updated as per amendments to the protocol. The "ODP2" column numbers are from the stratospheric ozone protection regulations at 40 CFR Part 82, as required by Title VI of the Clean Air Act amendments. These numbers include the amendments of July 18, 2003 (68 FR 42892). Data in the "ODP3" column come from WMO's /World Meteorological Organization/ Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006. ODP values listed are semi-empirical and can be found in Table 8-1 of the document. All GWP values represent global warming potential over a 100-year time horizon. The numbers in the "GWP1" column are from Table 1-6 of The Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, 2002, a report of the World Meteorological Association's Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project. The GWPs in the "GWP1" column that were not provided Table 1-6 of the 2002 report have not been updated since 1998 and are from The Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, 1998. "GWP2" column numbers are from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Third Assessment Report: Climate Change 2001, and "GWP3" column numbers are from 40 CFR Part 82, stratospheric ozone protection regulations required by Title VI of the Clean Air Act amendments. The data in the "GWP4" column come from the IPCC Special Report on Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System: Issues related to Hydrofluorocarbons and Perfluorocarbons ("SROC"). The values listed are for direct radiative forcing and can be found in Table 2.7 in the document. The numbers in the "GWP5" column come from the WMO's Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006. The values listed are for direct radiative forcing and can be found in Table 8-2 of the document.；Table: Class I Ozone-depleting Substances [Table#468]

... /The use of chlorofluorocarbons for aerosol sprays/ was prohibited in 1979 except for a few specialized items, because of their depleting effect on stratospheric ozone. /Chlorofluorocarbons/