銅(I)クロリド

解説１ 塩化銅（Ⅰ）。硫酸銅（Ⅱ）と塩化ナトリウムの混合水溶液に二酸化硫黄などを作用させて還元して作る、無色の結晶。水・エタノールに溶けにくい。化学試薬に使用。化学式CuCl 塩化第一銅。２ 塩化銅（Ⅱ）。銅片を王水に溶かし真空中で加熱脱水して作る、黄色の吸湿性結晶。消毒剤や木材の保存剤に使用。化学式CuCl2 塩化第二銅。小学館 デジタル大辞泉について 情報 | 凡例

用途塩化銅(I)は様々な有機化学反応の触媒として非常によく用いられる。他の「ソフトな」ルイス酸と比較すると、塩化銀(I)や塩化パラジウム(II)は比較的無毒であるが塩化銅(I)の方が安価であり、塩化鉛(II)や塩化水銀(II)より毒性が低いという特徴をもつ。また銅の価数を2価や3価に調節可能であり、酸化還元を伴う反応において触媒サイクル中に組み込まれやすい。これらの特徴のため塩化銅(I)をはじめとする1価の銅塩は有用な反応試剤となり得る。

用途有機合成触媒、治金用

使用Copper(I) chloride (CuCl) or cuprous chloride is a white powder used as an absorbing agent for carbon dioxide gas in enclosed breathing areas such as space vehicles.

一般的な説明The structure of copper(I) chloride is similar to zinc-blende crystal at room temperature; the structure is wurtzite at 407 °C and at higher temperatures it forms copper(I) chloride vapor as per mass spectroscopy.

製造方法Copper(I) chloride is prepared by reduction of copper(II) chloride in solution: 2CuCl2 + H2 2CuCl + 2HCl Alternatively, it can be prepared by boiling an acidic solution of copper(II) chloride with copper metal, which on dilution yields white CuCl: Cu + CuCl2 2CuCl Copper(I) chloride dissolved in concentrated HCl absorbs carbon monoxide under pressure forming an adduct, CuCl(CO). The complex decomposes on heating releasing CO. Copper(I) chloride is slightly soluble in water. However, in the presence of Cl- ion, it forms soluble complexes of discrete halogeno anions such as, CuCl2-, CuCl3 2-, and CuCl4 3-. Formation of complexes and organocopper derivatives as outlined below are not confined only to copper(I) chloride, but typify Cu+ in general. Reaction with ethylenediamine (en) in aqueous potassium chloride solution forms Cu(II)-ethylenediamine complex, while Cu+ ion is reduced to its metallic state: 2CuCl + 2en → [Cuen2]2+ + 2Cl- + Cu° It dissolves in acetonitrile, CH3CN forming tetrahedral complex ion [Cu(CH3CN)4]+ which can be precipitated with large anions such as ClO4 - or PF6- . Reactions with alkoxides of alkali metals produce yellow copper(I) alkoxides. For example, reaction with sodium ethoxide yield copper(I) ethoxide, a yellow compound that can be sublimed from the product mixture: CuCl + NaOC2H5 → CuOC2H5 + NaCl Copper(I) chloride forms complexes with ethylene and other alkenes in solutions that may have compositions such as [Cu(C2H4)(H2O)2]+ or [Cu(C2H4)(bipy)]+. (bipy = bipyridyl) Reactions with lithium or Grignard reagent yield alkyl or aryl copper(I) derivatives, respectively. Such organocopper compounds containing Cu-Cu bonds are formed only by Cu+ and not Cu2+ ions.

純化方法Wash the solid with ethanol and diethyl ether, then dry it and store it in a vacuum desiccator [.sterl.f Acta Chem Scand 4 375 1950]. Alternatively, to an aqueous solution of CuCl2.2H2O is added, with stirring, an aqueous solution of anhydrous sodium sulfite. The colourless product is dried at 80o for 30minutes and stored under N2. Cu2Cl2 can be purified by zone-refining [Hall et al. J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 1 79 343 1983]. [Glemser & Sauer in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p 1005 1965.]