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TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.8X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). p-Cresyl diphenyl phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on an estimated vapor pressure of 1.0X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Biodegradation of p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate in soil is expected to be an important fate process(SRC), based on rapid biodegradation of cresyl diphenyl phosphate mixtures in river and lake water die-away tests (half-lives on the order of several days or less and complete degradation within a week)(3,4). An observed CO2 evolution of 53.2% in 7 days using an activated sludge inoculum also suggests biodegradability(3). Based on reported aqueous hydrolysis half-lives of 47 days at pH 7 and 5.1 days at pH 9(5), hydrolysis is expected to contribute to soil degradation, especially in moist alkaline soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.8X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an observed BCF range of 110 to 1,420 in fish for similar triaryl phosphates(5,6) suggests bioconcentration of p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC). Biodegradation of p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate in natural water is expected to be an important fate process(SRC), based on rapid biodegradation of cresyl diphenyl phosphate mixtures in river and lake water die-away tests (half-lives on the order of several days or less and complete degradation within a week)(7,8). An observed CO2 evolution of 53.2% in 7 days using an activated sludge inoculum also suggests biodegradability(7). Based on reported aqueous hydrolysis half-lives of 47 days at pH 7 and 5.1 days at pH 9 at 25 °C for cresyl diphenyl phosphate mixtures(9), hydrolysis is expected to contribute to degradation in water, especially in alkaline water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.0X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Particulate-phase p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Based on a reported direct photolysis half-life of 4.86 years for the isomeric cresyl diphenyl phosphate mixture in aqueous solution(3), direct photolysis is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate can be estimated to be 1.8X10+4(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate is expected to be immobile in soil.

p-Cresyl diphenyl phosphate's production and use as an additive for plasticizers and gasoline, as a flame retardant, and use in lubricants, hydraulic fluids and food packaging(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). It probably is seldom a pure compound, but rather a mixture of o-, m-, and p-cresyl and phenyl phosphates(1).

AEROBIC: Using a semi-continuous activated sludge test and a 22-week test duration, influent concentrations of 3 mg/L/day cresyl diphenyl phosphate (isomeric mixture) were biodegraded (primary biodegradation) by 82%(1). In CO2 evolution tests using activated sludge, cresyl diphenyl phosphate (iosmeric mixture, concentration of 23.1 mg/L) exhibited theoretical CO2 evolution of 53.2, 84.5 and 91.3% after 7, 28 and 48 days respectively(1). In a river water die-away test, cresyl diphenyl phosphate (isomeric mixture) was about 50% biodegraded after 3 days and completely degraded in 4 days(1). A die-away study using Lake Ontario water from Oswego, NY found that commercial plasticizers containing p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate exhibited a two-day lag period before degrading rapidly with complete degradation within 7 days(2).

An observed BCF range of 110 to 1,420 has been reported in rainbow trout, fathead minnow, killfish and bluegill fish for triphenyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate(1,2); p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate is expected to have similar BCF values(SRC). According to a classification scheme(3), a BCF range of 110 to 1,420 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC). Depuration half-lives of triphenyl and tricresyl phosphates range from 4 to 6 days(6) indicating that p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate is expected to rapidly decrease in concentration when aquatic organisms are removed from contaminated water(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate is estimated as 1.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). p-Cresyl diphenyl phosphate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). p-Cresyl diphenyl phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.0X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/... IP DOSES OVER 1 G/KG BODY WT ARE FATAL TO RATS ... HOWEVER, ORAL DOSES OF 4 G/KG OR LESS HAVE BEEN TOLERATED. POISONED ANIMALS BECAME LETHARGIC ON 2ND OR 3RD DAY, THERE WAS COPIOUS DIARRHEA & SYMPTOMS OF PARALYSIS. ... AUTOPSY SHOWED GENERAL CAPILLARY PARALYSIS ACCOMPANIED BY EDEMA & CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE. /CRESYLDIPHENYL PHOSPHATE/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ POLYVINYL ACETATE (PVA) EMULSION IS A MIXT OF A BASE LATEX PLASTICIZED WITH SANTICIZER 140 (CRESYL DIPHENYL PHOSPHATE) & FLEXOL 4G0 (TETRAETHYLENE GLYCOL DI-(2-ETHYLHEXANOATE). SANTICIZER 140 DID NOT PRODUCE EYE OR SKIN IRRITATION BUT DID CAUSE REDUCTION IN BLOOD PLASMA CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OF SQUIRREL MONKEYS & COTURNIX QUAIL 24 HR AFTER A SINGLE IP INJECTION.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/... NEUROTOXIC. NOT ALL SPECIES ... EQUALLY AFFECTED. ... ADULT ANIMALS ARE MORE SENSITIVE THAN YOUNG. ... AFTER SINGLE EXPOSURE OF ADEQUATE MAGNITUDE ... AXONAL DAMAGE CAN BE DEMONSTRATED AFTER A DELAY OF 8 TO 10 DAYS. IN LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURES DAMAGE MAY APPEAR ONLY AFTER CHRONIC EXPOSURES OF WK OR MO. /CRESYLDIPHENYL PHOSPHATE/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/ RELATION BETWEEN THE TOXIC EFFECT OF TRIARYL PHOSPHATES & THEIR CHEMICAL STRUCTURE WAS DETERMINED. WHEN INJECTED SC INTO GUINEA PIGS, THE NEUROPARALYTIC EFFECT OF TRIARYL PHOSPHATES DECREASED IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER: TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE WITH 37% O-ISOMERS, DIPHENYL CRESYL PHOSPHATE, PLASTICIZER G (SYNTHESIZED FROM TRICRESOL & PHENOL), TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE WITH 2% O-ISOMERS, & TRIXYLENYL PHOSPHATE. /TRIARYL PHOSPHATES/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for P-CRESYL DIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Using OECD test guideline 111 (25 °C), the aqueous hydrolysis half-life of cresyl diphenyl phosphate (isomeric mixture) was found to be 47 days at pH 7 and 5.1 days at pH 9(2); cresyl diphenyl phosphate was stable at pH 4(2); hydrolysis of p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate is expected to be similar(SRC). Photodegradation tests of diphenyl cresyl phosphate (isomeric mixture) in aqueous solution determined a direct photolysis half-life of 4.86 years(2); therefore, direct photolysis is not expected to be an important fate process for p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate(SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 14 workers (0 of these were female) were potentially exposed to p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate (as part of the commercial isomeric mixture) may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate is produced or used. The general population can be exposed via dermal contact with consumer products containing p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate(SRC).

p-Cresyl diphenyl phosphate's production and use as an additive for plasticizers and gasoline, as a flame retardant, and use in lubricants, hydraulic fluids and food packaging may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. It probably is seldom a pure compound, but rather a mixture of o-, m-, and p-cresyl and phenyl phosphates. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 1.0X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.2 days. Particulate-phase p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Based on a reported direct photolysis half-life of 4.86 years in aqueous solution for the isomeric mixture, direct photolysis is not expected to be an important fate process. If released to soil, p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate is expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1.8X10+4. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. p-Cresyl diphenyl phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation in soil or in water is expected to be an important environmental fate process based upon observed biodegradability in river and lake water of isomeric mixtures of cresyl diphenyl phosphate. Aqueous hydrolysis will contribute to soil degradation in moist alkaline soil. If released into water, p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An observed BCF range of 110 to 1420 for similar triaryl phosphates suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high. Reported hydrolysis half-lives of 47 days at pH 7 and 5.1 days at pH 9 at 25 °C indicate hydrolysis is expected to contribute to degradation water, especially in alkaline water. Occupational exposure to p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate (as part of the commercial isomeric mixture) may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate is produced or used. The general population can be exposed via dermal contact with consumer products containing p-cresyl diphenyl phosphate. (SRC)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Tri-Ortho-Cresyl Phosphate (TOCP) and Related Compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Tri-Ortho-Cresyl Phosphate (TOCP) and Related Compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Tri-Ortho-Cresyl Phosphate (TOCP) and Related Compounds/

LD50 RAT ORAL 6.4-12.8 G/KG

LD50 MOUSE ORAL 6.4-12.8 G/KG

LD50 GUINEA PIG ORAL 1.6-3.2 G/KG