アミグダリン

解説アミグダリン，配糖体の一種．β-ゲンチオビオースとD-マンデロニトリルとからなる．バラ科アンズ，モモ，クヘントウなどの実，葉，木質部に含まれる．くへんとう油の有効成分．無色の結晶．融点210 ℃．[α]D－42.0°(水)．β-グルコシダーゼで加水分解され，D-グルコース，シアン化水素，ベンズアルデヒドを生じる．シアン配糖体の一種で，酵素エムルシンまたは塩酸の作用で加水分解を受け，ベンズアルデヒド，グルコース，シアン化水素 (猛毒) を生じるので危険である。

用途果実は生食のほか，乾果，シロップ漬，ジャム，果実酒の原料などに利用される。種子は杏仁（きようにん）といい，咳止めや喘息の漢方薬とされるが，青酸配糖体(アミグダリンamygdalin)を含むので専門家の指導によって服用する。杏仁からとった杏仁油は軟膏や毛髪油などに用いられる。

説明Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glycoside that has been found in seeds from plants of the Rosaceae family and has diverse biological activities. It induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, decreases cyclin A and Cdk2 levels, and inhibits cell growth in UMUC-3, RT112, and TCCSUP bladder cancer cells when used at concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 10 mg/ml. Amygdalin (3 mg/kg) reduces the number of primary microtubules and microvessels in aortic rings isolated from rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin . In vivo, amygdalin reduces triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL levels and aortic sinus plaque area in an LDLR-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis. It also reduces production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, as well as neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury.

使用Amygdalin, a cyanide containing glycoside, may be used as a substrate to identify, differentiate and characterize enzymes such as maltase(s), emulsin(s) and β-glucosidase(s).

一般的な説明This substance is a primary reference substance with assigned absolute purity (considering chromatographic purity, water, residual solvents, inorganic impurities). The exact value can be found on the certificate. Produced by PhytoLab GmbH & Co. KG