Dinoseb

This is a dinitrophenol herbicide. (Non-Specific -- Dinitrophenol, Flammable Solid) Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. If fire becomes uncontrollable, evacuate for a radius of 5000 feet.

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Rest. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMPOSE INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS ... SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL WELL VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF THE DIRECT RAYS OF THE SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, AND SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED ... .

Spillages of pesticides at any stage of their storage or handling should be treated with great care. Liquid formulations may be reduced to solid phase by evaporation. Dry sweeping of solids is always hazardous: these should be removed by vacuum cleaning, or by dissolving them in water, or other solvent in the factory environment.

This is a dinitrophenol herbicide. (Non-Specific -- Dinitrophenol, Flammable Solid) Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water. Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Keep spilled material wet. Do not attempt to sweep up dry material. (EPA, 1998)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P020, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Dinoseb is a good candidate for liquid injection incineration, with a temp range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2.0 seconds. Also, a good candidate for rotary kiln incineration, with a temp range of 820 to 1,600 °C with a residence time of seconds. Also, a good candidate for fluidized bed incineration, with a temp range of 450 to 980 °C and a residence time of seconds.

Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Incineration is suggested at 1000 °C (2.0 sec minimum) with adequate scrubbing equipment for the removal of NO(x). Recommendable method: Incineration. Not recommendable method: Hydrolysis. Peer-review: Alkaline and acid hydrolysis not recommendable due to toxicity of the reaction products. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Smoking, eating, and drinking before washing should be absolutely prohibited when any pesticide ... is being handled or used. /Pesticides/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

LC50 YEARLING COHO SALMON 100 UG/L/96 HR /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/

LC50 CATFISH 118 PPB/96 HR /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/

LC50 Salmo clarki (Cutthroat trout) 67 ug/l/96 hr @ 10 °C (95% confidence limit 56-81 ug/l), wt 0.3 g /Technical material, 95.8%/ /Static bioassay/

LC50 Salvelinus namaycush (Lake trout) 44 ug/l 96 hr @ 10 °C (95% confidence limit 38-51 ug/l), wt 0.3 g /Technical material, 95.8%/ /Static bioassay/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for DINOSEB (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: WATER-SOLUBLE SALTS OF DINOSEB ... LEACH READILY IN SOIL. HOWEVER, OIL-SOLUBLE OR WATER-MISCIBLE FORMULATIONS OF DINOSEB MOVED MUCH LESS THAN WATER-SOLUBLE FORMULATIONS.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Dinoseb is expected to biodegrade in slowly soil. It should bind weakly to soil. Therefore, leaching in soil is possible and dinoseb has been detected in groundwater. However, it may bind more strongly to clay soils, specialy at acidic pH. Photolytic degrdration of dinoseb from soil surface may be important. Volatilization is not expected to be significant. In the absence of volatilization, the half-life of dinoseb in the vadose zone sandy loam soil was estimated to be about 100 days(1).

AQUATIC FATE: Dinoseb may photodegrade in surface water with a half-life of 14-16 days(1). Hydrolysis in water may not be important(1). Volatilization and adsorption to sediments are not expected to be significant. It is unlikely to undergo significant biodegradation in most natural waters(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on its vapor pressure of 8.5X10-2 mm Hg at 20 °C(1), dinoseb may exist entirely in the vapor phase in the atmosphere(2). The half-life for the reaction of vapor phase dinoseb with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere was estimated to be 4.1 days(3). Due to its water solubility of 52 mg/L at 25 °C(4), some of the atmospheric dinoseb may be removed by wet deposition.

RESULTANT AVERAGE PERSISTENCE OF PHYTOTOXICITY @ RECOMMENDED RATES: 2 TO 4 WK UNDER AVERAGE CONDITIONS OF USE.

Sweating. Headache. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Vomiting. Fever. Convulsions. Unconsciousness. Cyanosis

EASILY ABSORBED! Redness. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Further see Inhalation.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to bees, birds and mammals. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Dinoseb

Developmental

1 x 10 ^-3 mg/kg-day

The measured soil-sorption coefficient (Koc) of dinoseb is 124(1). A Koc of this magnitude suggests that dinoseb will be highly mobile in soil and may leach to groundwater. A much higher Koc value of 6607 wa obtained at a buffered pH of 3(2). It appears that soil sorption may be pH dependent and at low pH adsorption may be stronger. It has been shown, however, that p-nitrophenol adsorbs strongly to clays through an interaction between the nitro group and the water molecules or metallic cations in the clay(3). Dinoseb may similarly bind to clays at low pH. Experiments with soil thin layer chromatography showed that dinoseb was intermediate to very mobile in silt loam sand loam and silty loam soils(4).

In a poisoned person, the result is an almost immediate incr in oxygen consumption, body temp, breathing rate, and heart rate. Because circulation and resp do not accelerate in proportion to the metabolic demand, anoxia and acidosis develop. ... It is a milder corrosive to skin and mucous membrane than phenol, but concentrated soln have produced corrosion of the oropharyngeal, esophageal and gastric mucous membranes; Dinoseb exerts direct actions on the cerebrum and lower brain centers consisting of stimulation followed by depression; It may produce a necrotizing tubular injury of the kidneys. If the acute phase of poisoning is survived, the patient usually tolerates successfully the later complications, which may include renal insufficiency and a toxic hepatitis. The fulminating type of poisoning is characterized by sudden onset, severe symptoms, and prompt death (within 24 hours). Death is due to resp or circulatory collapse, especially the former. Many factors undoubtedly contribute to this collapse, notably hyperpyrexia, ... dehydration, muscle rigor (due to heat and/or lactic acid), and occasionally pulmonary edema. ... In subacute poisoning due to repeated daily exposures, some individuals complain of lassitude, headache, and malaise, while others experience a disarming sense of well-being, energy, and drive. /Dinitrophenol/

YELLOW STAINING OF SKIN & HAIR SIGNIFY CONTACT WITH NITROPHENOLIC CHEMICAL. STAINING OF SCLERAE & URINE INDICATE ABSORPTION OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC AMT. PROFUSE SWEATING, HEADACHE, THIRST, MALAISE, & LASSITUDE ARE COMMON EARLY SYMPTOMS OF POISONING. WARM, FLUSHED SKIN, TACHYCARDIA, & FEVER CHARACTERIZE A SERIOUS DEGREE OF POISONING. APPREHENSION, RESTLESSNESS, ANXIETY, MANIC BEHAVIOR, OR UNCONSCIOUSNESS REFLECT SEVERE CEREBRAL INJURY. ... CYANOSIS, TACHYPNEA & DYSPNEA OCCUR AS CONSEQUENCE OF EXTREME STIMULATION OF METABOLISM, PYREXIA, & TISSUE ANOXIA. WEIGHT LOSS OCCURS IN PERSONS CHRONICALLY POISONED AT LOW DOSAGES. /NITROPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS/

... TOXIC TO LIVER, KIDNEY, & NERVOUS SYSTEM. ... LIVER PARENCHYMA & RENAL TUBULES SHOW DEGENERATIVE CHANGES. ALBUMINURIA, PYURIA, HEMATURIA, & INCR BUN ARE OFTEN PROMINENT SIGNS OF RENAL INJURY. ... DEATH IN NITROPHENOL POISONING IS FOLLOWED PROMPTLY BY INTENSE RIGOR MORTIS. /NITROPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS/

MOST SEVERE POISONINGS FROM ABSORPTION OF THESE COMPOUNDS HAVE OCCURRED IN WORKERS WHO WERE CONCURRENTLY EXPOSED TO HOT ENVIRONMENTS. /NITROPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS/

P020; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when dinoseb, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) from application of its phenol or its readily hydrolyzable salts (alkanolamine salts, ammonium salt, or sodium salt) in or on raw agricultural commodities.

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) from application of its phenol or its readily hydrolyzable salts (ammonium salt or sodium salt) in or on raw agricultural commodities.

The EPA Administrator has ... ordered the suspension of all registered products containing dinoseb or any of its salts. In addition this notice announces that the Agency intends to deny all pending applications for federal registration of pesticides containing dinoseb.

Pesticide chemicals that cause related pharmacological effects will be regarded ... as having an additive deleterious action ... Where residues from two or more chemicals in the same class are present in or on a raw agricultural commodity the tolerance for the total of such residues shall be the same as that for the chemical having the lowest numerical tolerance in this class, unless a higher tolerance level is specifically provided tor the combined residues by a regulation ... Dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) and its alkanolamine, ammonium, and sodium salts are members of the class of dinitrophenols.

For more FIFRA Requirements (Complete) data for DINOSEB (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Dinoseb is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 100/10,000 lbs.

Consumption patterns in 1986: 40% for soybeans; 16% for peanuts; 15% for potatoes; also used for alfalfa, snap beans, peas, grapes, and almonds; [HSDB] Used as herbicide, insecticide, and miticide; [Merck Index]

All uses cancelled in the U.S. in 1986; [EXTOXNET]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

Miticide /Former use/

Insecticide or ovicide but must be used in the dormant growth season or as a salt form to reduce toxicity. Herbicide for preemergence treatment. /Former use/

(1977) 1.70X10+7 G (PRINCPL CUSTOMS DISTS)

(1982) 1.14X10+9 G (PRINCPL CUSTOMS DISTS)

2023: 5,000,000 - <10,000,000 lb

(1978) 3.86X10+9 G (CONSUMPTION-INCL IMPORTS)

(1982) 2.81X10+9 G (CONSUMPTION-INCL IMPORTS)

HERBICIDE FOR SOYBEANS, 32%; VEGETABLES, 23%; DECIDUOUS FRUITS & NUTS, 11%; PEANUTS, 8%; CITRUS, 3%; GRAIN CROPS, 2%; OTHER FIELD CROPS, 6%; INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL USES, 15%. (1982)

Soybeans, 40%; cotton, 15%; potatoes, 16%; peanuts, 9%; alfalfa, 4%; snap beans, 2%; peas, 2%; grapes, 2%; & almonds, 1% (1986; major use sites by volume)

PRODUCED BY NITRATION OF 2-SEC-BUTYLPHENOL, OBTAINED BY THE REACTION OF BUT-2-ENE WITH PHENOL & SEPARATION OF THE 4-ALKYL ISOMER.

BY SULFONATION OF PHENOL TO BLOCK p-POSITION, FOLLOWED BY BUTYLATION & REMOVAL OF SULFONIC GROUP.

REACTION OF O-SEC-BUTYLPHENOL WITH SULFURIC ACID & NITRIC ACID

EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE, AQUEOUS SOLUTION & OIL SOLUTION.

The cmpd is usually marketed as soluble sodium, ammonium or alkanolamine salts; the acetylated phenol (dinoseb acetate) & the methacrylate ester (dinoseb methacrylate, also known as binapacryl ...) are also available.

Pharmaceuticals

HERBICIDES

Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing

Phenol, 2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitro-: ACTIVE

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Dinoseb (technical grade) as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide. The international trade of ... Dinoseb and Dinoseb salts ... is regulated by the Rotterdam convention on Prior Informed Consent (see http://www.pic.int/), which entered force on 24 February 2004. According to the PIC Convention, export of /Dinoseb and Dinoseb salts/ can only take place with the prior informed consent of the importing Party. ...(further information can be found at: http://www.pic.int/).

... DEVELOPED BY THE DOW CHEMICAL CO UNDER THE CODE NUMBER 'DN289', TRADE MARK 'PREMERGE' & THE PROTECTION OF US PATENT 2,192,197