2,4-ジクロロフェノキシ酢酸イソプロピル

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U240, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /2,4-D acid, salts & esters/

Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U240, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /2,4-D acid, salts & esters/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2,4-D ISOPROPYL ESTER (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Smoking, eating, and drinking before washing should be absolutely prohibited when any pesticide ... is being handled or used. /Pesticides/

/When/ cleaning glassware and spray equipment: wash thoroughly with water and detergent soln. Alcohol or ketone type solvents may be used with ester formulations. Preferably, equipment should not be used for application of other pesticides or fertilizers. /2,4-D herbicides/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide, plant regulator, and fungicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) in or on raw agricultural commodities as follows: apples: 5 ppm; apricots: 5 ppm; citrus fruits: 5 ppm; pears: 5 ppm; potatoes: 0.2 ppm; and quinces: 5 ppm. /2,4-D/

The tolerance on apricots /5 ppm/ also includes residues of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) from the preharvest application of 2,4-D dimethylamine salt to apricots. /2,4-D/

The tolerances on citrus fruits /5 ppm/ also includes residues of 2,4-D from the preharvest application of 2,4-D isopropyl ester and 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester and from the postharvest application of 2,4-D alkanolamine salts and 2,4-D isopropyl ester to citrus fruits. /2,4-D/

Tolerances are established for residues of 2,4-D at: barley, grain: 0.5 ppm; blueberries: 0.1 ppm; corn, fodder: 20 ppm; corn, forage: 20 ppm; corn, fresh, sweet (kernel plus cob with husk removed): 0.5 ppm; corn, grain: 0.5 ppm; cranberries: 0.5 ppm; grapes: 0.5 ppm; grass hay: 300 ppm; grasses, pasture: 1,000 ppm; grasses, rangeland: 1,000 ppm; millet, forage: 20 ppm; millet, grain: 0.5 ppm; millet, straw: 20 ppm; nuts: 0.2 ppm; oats, forage: 20 ppm; oats, grain: 0.5 ppm; pistachios: 0.2 ppm; rice: 0.1 ppm; rice, straw: 20 ppm; rye, forage: 20 ppm; rye, grain: 0.5 ppm: sorghum, fodder: 20 ppm; sorghum, forage: 20 ppm; sorghum, grain: 0.5 ppm; stone fruits: 0.2 ppm; sugarcane: 2 ppm; sugarcane, forage: 20 ppm; wheat, forage: 20 ppm; and wheat, grain: 0.5 ppm. /2,4-D/

For more Allowable Tolerances (Complete) data for 2,4-D ISOPROPYL ESTER (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

8 Hr Time-Weighted Avg (TWA): 10 mg/cu m. /2,4-D/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /2,4-D/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /2,4-D/

Urinalysis of six volunteer workers (wearing a full line of protective clothing) involved in mixing and loading 2,4-D ester solutions into aircraft and in guiding the spray aircraft in two conifer release programs showed a maximum excretion level of 22.2 ug/kg body weight/day(1).

Various amounts of 2,4-D products applied to a target area may be distributed in the general environment, within a few hours or days, by the movements of air, water, or soil, particularly during periods of rain, high winds, or high temperature. Persistence or accumulation of 2,4-D residues from normal use is occasionally possible, mainly under dry or cold conditions where there is little biological activity. /2,4-D products/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 600(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 37.3 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,4-D isopropyl ester is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,4-D isopropyl ester from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.3X10-4 mm Hg(4), and its water solubility(2). 2,4-D isopropyl ester is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). In a study, in which 2,4-D isopropyl ester was incubated with domestic sewage microorganisms, 2,4-D isopropyl ester was hydrolyzed and the acid was later decomposed biologically(5). These results are consistent with microbial hydrolysis after a 7 day acclimation period(5). On prairie soils at moisture contents in excess of the wilting point, the isopropyl ester of 2,4-D undergoes very rapid hydrolysis; the ester is completely converted to the corresponding acid and alcohol in < 1 day(6). The rapid rate of the reaction suggests that it is soil-catalyzed(6). The rate of hydrolysis is probably affected by the organic content of the soil and the degradation rate of the free acid should be dependent upon the presence of acclimated microorganisms(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 600(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 37.3 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,4-D isopropyl ester is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.3X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 37.3 mg/l(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 18 days and 207 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 80(SRC), from its water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). However, like 2,4-D butyl ester, 2,4-D isopropyl ester may also be readily metabolized in fish and therefore should not bioconcentrate(7). The 2,4-D isopropyl ester is degraded in a laboratory test by activated sewage acclimated to 2,4-D(8). The 2,4-D isopropyl ester is degraded at half the rate of the parent acid which reached a constant rate of oxidation in 11 weeks(8). The hydrolysis half-life of 2,4-D isopropyl ester in water at pH 7.4 and 20 °C is 23.1 days(2). The half-life of 2,4-D isopropyl ester has been calculated to be 17.0 hr at pH 9 and 710 days at pH 6(3). Solutions of 2,4-D isopropyl ester in water absorb light > 290 nm(4). Although the sunlight photolysis of 2,4-D isopropyl ester has not been experimentally determined, several other esters have been studied and found to have half-lives of 2-3 weeks. The products were 2,4-dichlorophenol and compounds resulting from replacement of chlorine by hydroxyl. Photodegradation will be important in surface waters, especially at acid and near neutral pHs where hydrolysis is slow(9,10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,4-D isopropyl ester, which has a vapor pressure of 2.32X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase 2,4-D isopropyl ester is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.3 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Solutions of the 2,4-D isopropyl ester in water absorb light > 290 nm(2). Therefore, 2,4-D isopropyl ester may be subject to direct photolysis in the atmosphere(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Sources of the isopropyl ester of 2,4-D in air are the result of spraying or volatilization from plants, soil or water surfaces after spraying. The ester, which may exist in air as the vapor or fine droplets which do not settle in the target area, may be transported long distances. Levels of the less volatile n-butyl ester were appreciable and resulted in damage to grape crops when it was banned in specific counties and the following year when it was banned in the entire state due to its volatility(1). The isopropyl ester will be removed from the air by gravitational settling, rainout and possibly photodegradation. (SRC)

One pasture was sprayed with 2 lb per acre of 2,4-D isopropyl ester. ... Milk collected from the exposed cows and forage samples from the fields were analyzed for 2,4-D by gas chromatography. The highest levels of 2,4-D were 0.05-0.06 ppm. ... No 2,4-D was detected on the third day after exposure to the isopropyl ester.

Because dermal absorption is an important route of exposure to chlorophenoxy herbicides, biological monitoring is useful in estimating the absorbed dose. Urine concn provide the most accurate estimate of body burden; because of slow absorption, it is best to collect samples after a few days of exposure. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides/

The Koc of 2,4-D isopropyl ester is estimated as 600(SRC), using a water solubility of 37.3 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,4-D isopropyl ester is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). 2,4-D isopropyl ester is adsorbed slightly by clay minerals with the adsorption to bentonite > illite > kaolinite(4). Large amounts of bentonite, illite and kaolinite, namely 6.89, 11.79 and 37.59 grams respectively, would be required to reduce the concentration of 2,4-D isopropyl ester in water from 3 mg/l to 2 mg/l(4).

SOURCE DOMINATED: The concn of 2,4-D isopropyl ester ranged from 0-30 ng/cu m (median, 10.6 ng/cu m) in the Spring of 1973(1); in the Spring 1974, the concn of 2,4-D isopropyl ester ranged from 10-130 ng/cu m (median, 38 ng/cu m)(1). Between the period 1970-71 as part of an EPA Air Monitoring Network study (selected sites in 16 states), the mean concn of 2,4-D isopropyl ester was 0.4 ng/cu m (2.55% of samples pos, 13.7 ng/cu m mean of positive samples) with a max concn of 67.3 ng/cu m(2). Residues of 2,4-D isopropyl ester were determined in central and southern Saskatchewan during the 1966-68 and 1970-75 spraying seasons; up to half of the daily samples contained 2,4-D; the daily mean concn of isopropyl ester was 0.01-1.22 mg/cu m(3). Air samples were collected near wheat-growing areas around Pullman and Kennewick highlands, WA, between April and August 1964 after applications of 2,4-D. Although data were given for several products containing 2,4-D, those for 2,4-D isopropyl ester were highest: avg concn of 0.0116 g/cu m and max concn of 1.9 mg/cu m of aerosol form of ester and avg concn of 0.007 mg/cu m and max concn of 0.69 ug/cu m of vaporized ester were found in 24 hr samples(4).

... A 63-year-old man, inhaled fumes of a solution comprised of 44% 2,4-D isopropyl ester. Within 2-3 hours the subject lost consciousness and within 2 days after return to consciousness cephalea /headache/ and fever appeared, followed by myalgia in the neck and lower limbs, anorexia, muscular hypertonia, tachyarrhythmia, urinary incontinence, and constipation. Sepsis of the urinary tract was identified by urine culture analysis ...

IN THREE HUMAN BEINGS, ABSORPTION OF AN UNSPECIFIED ESTER OF DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID THROUGH SKIN CAUSED POLYNEURITIS, BUT WITH NO DISTURBANCE OF EYES OR VISION. /2,4-D ESTER SALT/

SUBJECTIVE CLINICAL SYMPTOMS REPORTED AMONG WORKERS USING VARIOUS ESTERS & SALTS OF 2,4-D INCL RAPID FATIGUE, HEADACHE, LOSS OF APPETITE & PAIN IN THE REGION OF THE LIVER & STOMACH. SENSITIVITY TO TASTE & SMELL WAS LOWERED. /2,4-D ESTERS AND SALTS/

The chlorophenoxy herbicides have produced contact dermatitis in man ... . /Chlorophenoxy compounds/

IN THE BODY, THE ... ESTERS OF CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUNDS ARE HYDROLYZED FAIRLY RAPIDLY SO THAT THE MAMMALIAN TOXICITY OF EACH COMPOUND DEPENDS MAINLY ON THE ACID INVOLVED. /CHLOROPHENOXY HERBICIDES/

AEROBIC: The 2,4-D isopropyl ester is degraded in a laboratory test by activated sewage acclimated to 2,4-D(1). 2,4-D isopropyl ester is degraded at half the rate of the parent acid which is rapidly degraded(1). In another study, in which 2,4-D isopropyl ester was incubated with domestic sewage microorganisms, 2,4-D isopropyl ester was hydrolyzed and the acid was later decomposed biologically(2). The lag period being 7 days after which the isopropyl alcohol was 98.5% oxidized in 2 days(2). These results are consistent with microbial hydrolysis after a 7 day acclimation period(2).

According to a classification scheme(1), an estimated BCF of 80(SRC), from its water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). However, like 2,4-D butyl ester, 2,4-D isopropyl ester may also be readily metabolized in fish and therefore should not bioconcentrate(4).

D016; A solid waste containing 2,4-D (such as 2,4-D isopropyl ester) may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

U240; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 2,4-D acid, salts & esters as commercial chemical products or manufacturing chemical intermediates or off-specification commercial chemical products or manufacturing chemical intermediates, become wastes, they must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). /2,4-D, salts and esters/

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Isopropyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0073; Pesticide type: Fungicide, Herbicide (Growth Regulator); Registration Standard Date: 09/01/88; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Isopropyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 03/25/94, 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide, plant regulator, and fungicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) in or on raw agricultural commodities as follows: apples; apricots; citrus fruits; pears; potatoes; and quinces. /2,4-D/

The tolerance on apricots also includes residues of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) from the preharvest application of 2,4-D dimethylamine salt to apricots. /2,4-D/

The tolerances on citrus fruits also includes residues of 2,4-D from the preharvest application of 2,4-D isopropyl ester and 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester and from the postharvest application of 2,4-D alkanolamine salts and 2,4-D isopropyl ester to citrus fruits. /2,4-D/

For more FIFRA Requirements (Complete) data for 2,4-D ISOPROPYL ESTER (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. 2,4-D Isopropyl ester is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /2,4-D, salts and esters/

2,4-D ester is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. /2,4-D ester/

(AZ) ARIZONA 100 ug/l /2,4-D/

(IL) ILLINOIS 10 ug/l

(NY) 50 ug/l

(AZ) ARIZONA 70 ug/l /2,4-D/

(MN) MINNESOTA 70 ug/l /2,4-D/

2,4-D and derivatives: Used as herbicide for pastures, rangelands, cereals, corn, rice, nuts, turf, and aquatic, industrial, and commercial areas; [HSDB] Supported by California Citrus Quality Council (CCQC) for selected uses on citrus fruits; [Reference #1]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For 2,4-D isopropyl ester (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 030066) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

For 2,4-D isopropyl ester (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 128879) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

HERBICIDE FOR PASTURE & RANGELANDS; AGRICULTURAL USE-EG, WHEAT, CORN, GRAIN SORGHUM, RICE AND OTHER GRAINS; INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL USES; LAWNS, TURF, & AQUATIC USE; OTHER FIELD CROPS-EG, NUTS; COMPONENT OF HERBICIDE FOR JUNGLE DEFOLIATION-FORMER USE /2,4-D AND DERIVATIVES/

Plant growth regulator

/SRP/: Impurities are carried over from substrates, 2,4-D and isopropyl alcohol, during synthesis.

SIXTEEN SAMPLES OF 2,4-D, AS ESTERS AND AMINE SALTS, WERE ANALYZED FOR CHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS. DI-, TRI-, & TETRA-CHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXINS WERE IDENTIFIED. ESTER FORMULATIONS SHOWED MUCH HIGHER LEVELS OF CONTAMINATION THAN AMINE /2,4-D ESTERS AND AMINE SALTS/

(1972) 3.18X10+9 G (2,4-D & SALTS & ESTERS)

(1978) 2.97X10+9 G (2,4-D INCL ESTERS & SALTS)

(1983) 4.65X10+9 G (2,4-D INCL ESTERS & SALTS)

1.60X10+9 g /Herbicide preparations containing 2,4-D or its salts or esters/

(1987) 8.74X10+6 lb /Herbicide preparations containing acetic acid (2,4-D) or its salts or esters/

(1978) 2.19X10+10 G-DEMAND (2,4-D INCL ESTERS & SALTS)

(1982) 2.05X10+10 G-DEMAND (2,4-D INCL ESTERS & SALTS)

/2,4-D/ esters are formed by acid-catalyzed esterification with azeotropic distillation of water ... or by a direct synthesis in which the appropriate ester of monochloroacetic acid is reacted with dichlorophenol to form the 2,4-D ester. /2,4-D esters/

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 128879; Trade Names: A815, NF-114, triflumidazole, Trifmine, Procure.

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 030066; Trade Names: Alco citrus fix.

Amoco 2,4-D Weed Killer No 5 (butyl & isopropyl esters of 2,4-D)

Amoco 2,4-D Weed Killer No 3E (butyl & isopropyl esters of 2,4-D)

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for 2,4-D ISOPROPYL ESTER (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chlorophenoxy herbicides are applied alone or as mixtures with other herbicides, in solutions, dispersions, or emulsions in water &/or oil, using equipment that produces large droplets to avoid spray drift. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides/

Relatively high volatility esters ... /of 2,4-D include/ methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, butyl, amyl. ... These esters ... are liquids which, when properly formulated form emulsions when mixed with water.