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Furfural
フルフラール · フルフラル · フルフラ-ル · 2-フランカルボアルデヒド · 2-フルアルデヒド · フルフラール 2-フルアルデヒド · 2-フルアルデヒド-DNPH · 2-フルアルデヒド, 98%
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 98-01-1 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | C5H4O2 |
| 平均分子量 | 96.08 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 96.02112937 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=Cc1ccco1 |
| InChIKey | HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 7362 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL189362 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:34768 |
| EC No. | 202-627-7 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID1020647 |
| 現地名 | フルフラール |
化学・物理的性質
| XLogP | 0.4 |
|---|---|
| 極性表面積 | 30.2 |
| 水素結合供与体数 | 0 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 2 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 1 |
| 重原子数 | 7 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 70.5 |
| 物質分類 | Other Classes -> AldehydesFlammable agents - 2nd degree |
| 化粧品 | Solvent |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Schoenflies notation |
| 香料 | Fragrance Ingredient (Furfural) -> IFRA transparency List |
| 農薬 | Pesticide -> EPA IRISAgrochemicals -> Pesticide active substancesActive substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved |
| LogP（分配係数） | log Kow= 0.410.46 |
| 臭い | Peculiar odor, somewhat resembling the odor of benzaldehyde... Almond-like odor ...ジプロピレングリコール中1.00%。スイートウッディアーモンド香る焼き上げパン |
| 味 | Distinct caramel taste |
| 食品添加物 | FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT -> FDA Substance added to food |
| 密度 | 1.159 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink1.1594 g/cu cm at 20 °CRelative density (water = 1): 1.161.153-1.1621.1594 @ 20°C1.16 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| 香味料 | EU Flavoring substances |
| Viscosity | 1.587 mPa-s at 25 °C1.28 mm²/s at 25 °C |
| 融点 | -36 °C (lit.) |
| 沸点 | 162 °C (lit.) |
| 蒸気密度 | 3.31 (vs air) |
| 蒸気圧 | 13.5 mm Hg ( 55 °C) |
| 屈折率 | n20/D 1.527 |
| FEMA | 2489 | FURFURAL |
| 引火点 | 137 °F |
| 貯蔵条件 | Store below +30°C. |
| 溶解度 | 95% エタノール: 可溶1ML/mL、透明8.3g/100mL |
| 外観・状態 | 液体 |
| 色 | とても深いブラウン |
| pH | >=3.0 (50g/l, 25℃) |
| においのタイプ | パンっぽい |
| 由来生物 | synthetic |
| 爆発限界 | 2.1-19.3%(V) |
| 凝固点 | -36.5℃ |
| 比熱容量 | Cp(liquid): 1.7 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,4304 |
| JECFA Number | 450 |
| BRN | 105755 |
| ヘンリー定数 | 1.52(x 10-6 atmm3/mol) at 20 °C (approximate - calculated from water solubility and vapor pressure) |
| 誘電率 | 41.9(20℃) |
| 安定性 | 安定。避けるべき物質には、強塩基、強酸化剤、強酸が含まれます。可燃性。 |
| 主な用途 | フレーバーそして香料 |
| 化粧品成分の機能 | 香料溶媒 |
| InChI | 1S/C5H4O2/c6-4-5-2-1-3-7-5/h1-4H |
| InChIKey | HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | [H]C(=O)c1ccco1 |
| LogP（分配係数） | 0.41 |
| 表面張力 | 43.61mN/m at 293.15K |
| CAS データベース | 98-01-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NISTの化学物質情報 | 2-Furancarboxaldehyde(98-01-1) |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | Furfural (98-01-1) |
化学的特性
Furfural is a colorless to yellow aromatic het erocyclic aldehyde with an almond-like odor. Turns amber on exposure to light and air.
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | DangerH301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| 規制情報 | Chemical: 2-FurancarboxaldehydeRegulation (EC) No 1831/2003 (amended)2-Furancarboxaldehyde is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 2-Furancarboxaldehyde are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Furfural is listed in the dataset of EPA Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides under the Safe Drinking Water Act (40 eCFR 141)2002/2076Status: Active Update: 17-03-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14883 |
| その他の安全情報 | IMAP assessments - 2-Furancarboxaldehyde: Human health tier II assessment |
| 輸送ラベル（DOT） | Poison Flammable Liquid |
| 火災危険 | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors are generated when heated (USCG, 1999)· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.Flammable. Above 60 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed. |
| 火災の可能性 | Flammability of furfural is comparable to that of kerosene or No 1 fuel oil.Combustible liquid |
| 健康有害性 | Vapor may irritate eyes and respiratory system. Liquid irritates skin and may cause dermatitis. (USCG, 1999)· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEinhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. |
| 有害性の概要 | Liquid causes first degree burns on short exposure. [CHRIS] At concentrations of 1.9 to 14 ppm, vapor can cause weeping of the eyes. [HSDB] TLV Basis is upper respiratory tract irritation and eye irritationHepatotoxicity reported in rats exposed to higher oral doses (30-60 mg/kg)[ACGIH] An irritant that defats the skin and may injure the liver[ICSC] Vapor is eye and respiratory tract irritant[CAMEO] Furfuraldehydes (UN1199) has warning of explosive polymerization[ERG 2016] |
| 輸送番号・ガイド（DOT） | 1199 153P1199 132P |
| FDA 要件 | Furfural is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. |
| 反応性グループ | Aldehydes |
| EC 分類 | Symbol: TR: 21-23/25-36/37/38-40S: (1/2)-26-36/37-45 |
| UN 分類 | UN Hazard Class: 6.1UN Subsidiary Risks: 3UN Pack Group: II |
| 消火 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)polymerization hazard]:Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. |
| 応急処置措置 | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
| 漏出応急措置 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| 応急処置 | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
| 安全保管 | Separated from strong bases, strong acids, strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Keep in the dark. Well closed. Ventilation along the floor. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| 暴露管理・個人防護 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Furoic acid in urine = 200 mg/L at end of shiftThe determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. [TLVs and BEIs]] |
| 消火手順 | Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" form, or carbon dioxide. use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. |
| 保管条件 | Keep in air tight container and protect from lightFurfural and its derivatives should be stored in well-ventilated areas, sheltered from direct sunlight and away from heat and other sources of ignition.Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from strong oxidizing materials, strong alkalies, & strong acids. Outside or detached storage is preferred.Recommended: low-pressure storage tank, atmospheric < 0.5 psig.Storage in either aboveground or underground installations is satisfactory. Because furfural is an excellent solvent and penetrant, care must be taken that all joints are secure and that the pump and valve packings are in good condition. |
| 清掃方法 | 1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place ... Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. For large quantities, cover with sodium bisulfite, add a small amt of water & mix. ... After 1 hr, flush with large amt of water & wash site with soap solution.Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Add sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3).Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Inject "universal" gelling agent to solidify encircled spill and increase effectiveness of booms. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors.Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal. |
| 非火災時の漏出対応 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)polymerization hazard]: |
| 処分方法 | [40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/2005)] Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U125, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U125, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Furfural is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. /From table/Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for FURFURAL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 漏出処分 | Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| 体内負荷 | Furfural was detected in 2 of 8 samples of mother's milk volatiles with two samples collected at each of four sites, Bayonne, NJ, Jersey City, NJ, Pittsburgh, PA, and Baton Rouge, LApositive samples were from Jersey City and Baton Rouge(1). |
| 相互作用 | Binary mixtures of aldehydes, incl furfural, were tested for toxicity to the protozoan Chilomonas paramecium. Significant incr (eight-fold) in toxicity were found with combinations of crotonaldehyde with furfural, benzaldehyde, and acrolein and acetaldehyde with furfural and acrolein. A lesser potentiation of toxicity (four-fold) was found with furfural and benzaldehyde.Subacute experiments with epicutaneous exposure of guinea pigs to oil processing products (furfurol and D-11 mineral oil distillate) have revealed that these substances change blood leukocyte morphology and function and alter the quantitative ratio of immunocompetent cells. The depth of changes in these parameters was related to the type of exposure. Combined exposure resulted in more manifest shifts as against those in isolated exposure. |
| 標的器官 | HepaticEyes, skin, respiratory system |
| 生態毒性値 | LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) 32 mg/L/24 hrstatic /formulated product/LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) 16 mg/L/48 hrLD50 Agelaius phoeniceus (Redwinged blackbird) oral 98.0 mg/kgLC50 Gambusia affinis (Western mosquitofish) 44 mg/L/24 hrFor more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for FURFURAL (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 環境中動態 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.41(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that furfural is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of furfural from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.8X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.21 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 7.41X10+4 mg/L(5). Furfural is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Furfural was shown to support the aerobic growth of organisms obtained from soil and grown on phenol(6) and 97% degradation was observed from 0.25-32 days at different furfural concentrations in a forest soil and municipal sewage mixture under anaerobic conditions(7). This suggests that furfural is susceptible to microbial degradation in soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.41(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that furfural is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.8X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.21 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 7.41X10+4 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 9.6 and 73 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Furfural is expected to undergo biodegradation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the aquatic environment with complete degradation occuring within 3-12 days(8) and 30 days(9), respectively. Also, furfural, present at 100 mg/L, reached 93.5% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(10).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), furfural, which has a vapor pressure of 2.21 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase furfural is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.5 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.51X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 27 °C(3). Furfural contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4). The gas-phase concentration of furfural, present as a component of the smoke obtained from burning oak in a wood stove, was found to decrease when irradiated in an experimental chamber equipped both with sun lights and UV lights(5). |
| 食品調査値 | Furfural has been identified as a constituent of coffee aroma(1). Furfural was detected at a concentration of 0.02 ug/g in pineapple guava fruits collected from Berkeley, California (2). Furfural was found in canned cream, canned kernel, frozen kernel, and fresh kernel forms of cooked sweet corn at concentrations of 8, 7, 2, and <1 ppb, respectively(3). Concentrations of 610 and 13,000 ug/kg furfural were detected in microwave-oven produced popcorn volatiles(4). Furfural was detected at 700 and 800 ppb in rice cake volatiles(5). Furfural was identified as the dominant volatile flavor component of beef fried together with vegetables, soy sauce, and sugar, and it was present in two of the ingredients, beef and soy sauce(6). Furfural has been identified as a volatile flavor component of roasted filberts(7), fried bacon(8), nectarines(9), baked potatoes(10), and the neutral fraction of clove essential oil(11). Furfural has been identified in the aroma fraction of blue cheese fat(12). Furfural was detected as a flavor ingredient at 4.0 ppm in non-alcoholic beverages, 10 ppm in alcoholic beverages, 13 ppm in ice cream, ices, etc, 12 ppm in candy, 17 ppm in baked goods, 0.80 in gelatins and puddings, 45 ppm in chewing gum, and 30 ppm in syrups(13). Furfural was detected in the volatiles of two of three commercial fermented soybean curds brands collected at local markets in Hong Kong at concentrations of 11.9 and 283.5 ug/kg dry sample(14). Furfural was identified as a volatile constituent of kiwi fruit flowers collected from a farm in Hyogo, Japan during May 1998 and 1999(15). Concentrations of furfural ranging from 68.0 to 933 ng/ml with a median value of 280 ng/ml were detected in 7 commercial sake brands in Japan(16). |
| 有害作用 | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
| 暴露経路 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact |
| Milk Concentrations | Furfural was detected in 2 of 8 samples of mother's milk volatiles with two samples collected at each of four sites, Bayonne, NJ, Jersey City, NJ, Pittsburgh, PA, and Baton Rouge, LApositive samples were from Jersey City and Baton Rouge(1). |
| 毒性の概要 | IDENTIFICATION: 2-Furaldehyde is a liquid with a pungent almond-like odor. It is found in trace amounts in a number of dietary sources. HUMAN EXPOSURE: 2-Furaldehyde is present in many food items as a natural product or as a contaminant. Its presence in drinking water and mother's milk has been reported. Measured occupational exposures are available. Generally, airborne exposure in all industries is below 8 mg/cu m. Toxicokinetic data are limited, but there are indications that 2-furaldehyde is readily absorbed via the inhalation and dermal exposure routes. In humans, absorption of the vapor via both lungs and skin has been demonstrated. The metabolism of 2-furaldehyde in humans indicates a majority of the retained dose is excreted as urinary 2-furoylglycine. Furoic acid and furanacrylic acid are also detected as minor metabolites. Dermal absorption from liquid furaldehyde has also been observed. Sin and eye irritation have been reported. No throat or eye irritation was noted in humans exposed to 40 mg/cu m (10 ppm) for 8 hr or 80 mg/cu m (20 ppm) for 4 hr. There are no adequate data available regarding reproductive or developmental effectshence it is not possible to evaluate the risk to human health for these endpoints. ANIMAL STUDIES: Acute toxicity data from animals are variableoverall, this compound is toxic by inhalation and oral routes, with no clear information about the dermal route. Malignant and benign tumors have been observed in rats and mice following oral exposure for 103 weeks. 2-Furaldehyde is clearly genotoxic in vitro in mammalian cellsalthough no firm conclusions can be drawn on the genotoxic potential of 2-furaldehyde in vivo, the possibility that the genotoxicity could contribute to the carcinogenic process cannot be discounted. Toxic thresholds for a variety of microorganisms have been reported. Acute LC50's for fish have also been documented. |
| Average Daily Intake | The estimated daily intake of furfural from its use as a flavoring agent, calculated using 'poundage' data provided by the flavoring industry, was 9 ug/kg body weight in Europe and 8 ug/kg body weight in the U.S.(1). The intake of furfural from its use as a flavoring agent represents only a minor fraction of the total dietary intake of this substance(1). |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat. Headache. Dizziness. Weakness. Shortness of breath.Dry skin. Redness.Redness. Pain.Aspiration hazard!irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory systemdermatitis |
| RCRA 要件 | U125As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when furfural, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). |
| TSCA 要件 | Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 2-Furancarboxaldehyde is included on this list. |
| FIFRA 要件 | As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Furfural is found on List B. Case No: 2305Pesticide type: insecticideCase Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered. Therefore, we are characterizing the case as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.Active ingredient (AI): furfuralAI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products. Thus, we characterize it as "cancelled." |
| 大気基準 | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Furfural is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart. |
| CERCLA 報告数量 | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5,000 lb or 2,270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| 清浄水法要件 | Furfural is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. |
| F | 1-8-10 |
| 水環境危害等級（WGK） | 2 |
| 生命健康即時危険濃度 | 100 ppm |
| TSCA 収載状態 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 番号 | LT7000000 |
| 輸送番号（UN） | UN 1199 (FURALDEHYDES) |
| 毒性 | LD50 orally in rats: 127 mg/kg (Jenner) |
| 税関コード | 2932 12 00 |
| 危険文句（R） | 21-23/25-36/37-40-36/37/38 |
| 化審法 | (5)-40 |
| 安衛法 | 57,57-2 |
| 消防法 | 危険物第4類第二石油類(非水溶性) |
| 危険表示 | T,Xi |
| hazard_note | Irritant |
| 安全措置（S） | 26-36/37/39-45-1/2-36/37 |
| 危険等級 | 6.1Acute Tox. 2 InhalationAcute Tox. 3 OralAcute Tox. 4 DermalAquatic Chronic 3Carc. 2Eye Irrit. 2Flam. Liq. 3Skin Irrit. 2STOT SE 3 |
| 包装等級 | II |
| 自然発火温度 | 599 °F &_& 599 °F |
| 貯蔵分類 | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| 有害物質データ | 98-01-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
用途
解説
2-フルアルデヒド，2-furancarboxaldehyde．C5H4O2(96.09)．フルフラールともいう．ペントサンを含む植物体(トウモロコシの穂軸，麬(ふすま)など)を希硫酸と加熱しながら蒸留すると得られる．融点－38.7 ℃，沸点161.7 ℃．d2041.1594．n20D1.5261．水に可溶，エタノール，エーテルに易溶．ベンズアルデヒドに似た性質をもつ．空気中，光にさらすと黄～茶色となり，樹脂化する．用途はフェノール-フラン樹脂，ナイロン66の原料，溶剤，浮遊選鉱剤，除草剤，殺菌剤など．催涙性があり，粘膜を刺激する．LD50 50～100 mg/kg(ラット，経口)．
用途
ナイロン原料、潤滑油
用途
溶剤、フラン樹脂原料、潤滑油精製、医薬品原料
説明
Furfural is a colourless to amber-like oily liquid with an almond-like odour. On exposure to light and air, it turns reddish brown. Furfural is used in making chemicals, as a solvent in petroleum refining, a fungicide, and a weed killer. It is incompatible with strong acids, oxidisers, and strong alkalis. It undergoes polymerisation on contact with strong acids or strong alkalis. Furfural is produced commercially by the acid hydrolysis of pentosan polysaccharides from non-food residues of food crops and wood wastes. It is used widely as a solvent in petroleum refining, in the production of phenolic resins, and in a variety of other applications. Human exposure to furfural occurs during its production and use, as a result of its natural occurrence in many foods and from the combustion of coal and wood.
天然物の起源
Reported found in several essential oils from plants of the Pinaceae family, in the essential oil from Cajenne linaloe, in the oil from leaves of Trifolium pratense and Trifolium incarnatum, in the distillation waters of several essential oils, such as ambrettee and angelica seeds, in Ceylon cinnamon essential oil, in petitgrain oil, ylang-ylang, lavender, lemongrass, calamus, eucalyptus, neroli, sandalwood, tobacco leaves and others Also reported found in many foods including apple, apricot, citrus peel oils and juices, berries, guava, grapes, pineapple, asparagus, kohlrabi, celery, onion, leek, potato, tomato, cinnamon, mustard, bread, cheeses, meats, fsh, cognac, rum, whiskies, cider, grape wine, cocoa, coffee, tea, barley, peanuts, popcorn, pecans, oats, honey, soybeans, passion fruit, plums, mushroom, mango, tamarind, fruit brandies, whiskey malt, white bread, rum, bourbon, cardamom, coriander seed, calamus, corn oil, malt, wort and other sources
使用
In the manufacture of furfural-phenol plastics such as Durite; in solvent refining of petroleum oils; in the preparation of pyromucic acid. As a solvent for nitrated cotton, cellulose acetate, and gums; in the manufacture of varnishes; for accelerating vulcanization; as insecticide, fungicide, germicide; as reagent in analytical chemistry. In the synthesis of furan derivatives.
一般的な説明
Colorless or reddish-brown mobile liquids with a penetrating odor. Flash points 140°F. Denser than water and soluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. May be toxic by ingestion, skin absorption or inhalation.
使用用途
フルフラールは、熱硬化性、耐食性、物理的耐性などの優れた特性を備えており、樹脂の原料として利用されます。例えば、耐薬・耐熱性表面処理剤として用いられているフラン樹脂が挙げられます。 また、フルフラールは、アルコール、エステル、などの有機溶剤に混ざるため、溶剤として広く利用されています。主に潤滑油や脱色剤の精製に使用可能です。その他、除草剤や殺虫剤としても利用されます。
製法・合成法
調製方法
Furfural is obtained commercially by treating pentosan-rich agricultural residues (corncobs, oat hulls, cottonseed hulls, bagasse, rice hulls) with a dilute acid and removing the furfural by steam distillation. Major industrial uses of furfuraldehyde include: (1) the production of furans and tetrahydrofurans where the compound is an intermediate; (2) the solvent refining of petroleum and rosin products; (3) the solvent binding of bonded phenolic products; and (4) the extractive distillation of butadiene from other C4 hydrocarbons. When pentoses, e.g., arabinose, xylose, are heated with dilute HCl, furfuraldehyde is formed, recognizable by deep red coloration with phloroglucinol, or by the formation, with phenylhydrazine, of furfuraldehyde phenylhydrazone C4H3O·CH : NNHC6H5, solid, mp 97 °C.
製造方法
Industrially prepared from pentosans that are contained in cereal straws and brans; these materials are previously digested with diluted H2SO4, and the formed furfural steam is distilled.