Ethyl Propionate

log Kow= 1.21

1.21

REMINISCENT OF RUM & PINEAPPLE

Fruity odor

Odor of pineapple

Butter- or rum-like

0.891 (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8917 @ 20 °C/4 °C

0.886-0.889

0.891 @ 20°C

Colorless liquid

Water-white liquid

SOLUBLE IN MOST ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Soluble in alcohol and ether

Miscible in ethanol and ethyl ether; soluble in acetone

In water, 19,200 mg/l @ 25 °C

19.2 mg/mL at 20 °C

Soluble in most fixed oils and propylene glycol, soluble in water (1ml in 42ml)

Danger

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H225 (> 99.9%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Propanoic acid, ethyl ester

Status: Active Update: 25-04-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23287

Propanoic acid, ethyl ester: HSNO Approval: HSR001254 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors and toxic gases, such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, may be formed when involved in fire.

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

Exposure can cause irritation of eyes, nose and throat. May cause shortness of breath or coughing. High concentrations have a narcotic effect. May cause abdominal pain and vomiting if swallowed. (USCG, 1999)

· May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.

Flammable liquid; [Hawley] Irritating to skin and eyes; [HSDB] Highly flammable; An eye, nose, and throat irritant; Inhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression; [CAMEO] Inhalation can cause CNS depression; [CHEMINFO] Safe when used as a flavoring agent; [JECFA] An irritant; [MSDSonline] See ORGANIC SOLVENTS.

ETHYL PROPIONATE is an ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. Can react with oxidizing agents, bases, and acids. Polymerization: Will not polymerize (USCG, 1999).

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Get medical attention.

General First Aid:

WATER MAY BE INEFFECTIVE.

To fight fire, use foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

26 [mg/m3]

290 [mg/m3]

1700 [mg/m3]

Results from the National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS) show that ethyl propionate was identified, not quantified, in 29 total adipose tissue samples, occurring in 4 samples from age group 0-14 yrs, 12 samples in age group 15-44, and 13 samples in age group 45 and older(1). Eleven samples from the US North Central region were positive, as were 4 from the Northeast, 12 from the South, and 2 from the West(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl propionate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl propionate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure, 35.8 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1.92X10+4 mg/l(3). The potential for volatilization of ethyl propionate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 35.8 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation in soil is expected to be an important environmental fate process because of the presence of an easily biodegraded ester functional group(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl propionate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure, 35.8 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 19,200 mg/l(7). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1.7(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.21(6) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Biodegradation in water is expected to be an important environmental fate process because of the presence of an easily biodegraded ester functional group(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl propionate, which has a vapor pressure of 3.58X10+1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl propionate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.14X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

Ethyl propionate was detected at 0.20, 0.19, and 0.13 mg/100 ml in unprocessed, reverse osmosis processed, and water diluted whiskeys, respectively(1). The compound was also detected, not quantified, in headspace analyses of Sivetta variety strawberry samples held in a closed system(2). Ethyl propionate was one of the 27 volatile components identified, at a relative amount of 0.4%, in ripe Kiwi fruit from New Zealand and Australia(3). It is a volatile component of fresh grape fruit juice 0.0068 ppm(4), guava - 57.4 and 84.5 ug/kg in mature and overripe fruit, respectively(5). The compound was also identified as one of the 46 volatile components of both hand and mechanically extracted fresh orange juice from five different cultivars at a concn range of 0.0038 to 0.28 ppm(6). It has been identified not quantified in Concord grape essence(7) and as a volatile component of fresh, tree-ripened nectarines(8). Ethyl propionate was identified as a volatile in Italian-type dry-cured ham from a factory in Langhirano, Italy during processing at the following concns (day, condition, (mean concn in ng dodecane equiv)): 3, prior to salting, (0); 25, day dry salting, (0); 125, drying, (0); 211, first ripening, (1); 365, fully mature product (2); 485, post ripening, (3); not specified, spoiled sample, (41)(9).

Ethyl propionate was one of the volatile compounds identified, not quantified, from kitchen waste exudate and in stored food exudates in a study conducted in Denmark(1). It was also detected in the liquid and headspace exudate from garden waste(2). Ethyl propionate was identified, not quantified as a minor volatile from poultry manure(3).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for ethyl propionate can be estimated to be about 12(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl propionate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

Ethyl propionate (CAS # 105-37-3) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity in male and female groups of 2, 5, 5, and 5 fasted rats receiving single peroral (manner unspecified) doses of 4.0, 8.0, 11.3, and 16.0 mg/kg bodyweight, respectively. The data for female rats were not provided. In male rats, treatment was associated with sluggishness, prostration, and mortality at approximately 15 minutes to 3 hours post-dosing. A solitary male died after 1 day. Only males of the 2 highest dose levels succumbed or demonstrated recorded toxic effects throughout 14-day observation. An acute oral LD50 for male rats was 10.8 mL/kg bodyweight; a female LD50 was 9.8 mL/kg. The survivors recovered fully within 1 to 2 days. Upon necropsy, apparent treatment-related pathology among male rats was limited to the study decedents; gross lesions included dark red and mottled lungs, white to grey stomachs, liquid-filled stomachs and intestines, red or white intestine, and spotty white to grey or red kidneys.

Ethyl propionate (CAS # 105-37-3) was evaluated for acute dermal toxicity in rabbits (5/sex/group; strain unspecified), administered single undiluted percutaneous applications of 16 mL/kg bodyweight for 24 hours. Treatment was associated with death of a solitary female at 11 days post-treatment. Local reactions were characterized by erythema, edema, ecchymosis, necrosis, desquamation, fissuring, ulceration, alopecia, and scabbing. The female succumbing was emaciated at death; however, no signs of systemic toxicity were observed in the survivors (9/10) of 14-day post-treatment observation. Upon necropsy, the decedent female also exhibited bright red lungs. No gross lesions were identified in study survivors. Procedural appendices were not included with this submission and no further information regarding method or results was provided.

Ethyl propionate (CAS # 105-37-3) was evaluated for acute inhalation toxicity in rats (5/sex/group) exposed under static conditions to a substantially saturated vapor for terms of 11.2, 22.5, and 45 minutes. Four of 5 males and 5/5 females died during 45-minute exposures, the treatment-related mortality consistent with LT50's (with 95% confidence limits) of 35 (26-47) and 32 (23-44) minutes, respectively. Clinical signs of toxicity, observed both during and after the exposures, included labored breathing, wetness of periocular and perioral fur, hypoactivity, lacrimation, slowed breathing, ataxia, slow or negative surface righting reflex, and negative toe and tail pinch reflex. The survivors of all exposure levels recovered within 1 day post-exposure. Following 14-day observation, terminal necropsy of these animals revealed no gross lesions attributable to treatment. Conversely, red lungs, wetness or red discharge of perinasal and/or perioral fur, gas-filled stomachs, and liquid-filled trachea were observed among the study lethalities. Procedural appendices were not included with this submission and no further information regarding method or results was provided.

Ethyl propionate (CAS # 105-37-3) was evaluated for primary dermal irritation in 6 rabbits (3/sex) administered 0.5 mL occluded percutaneous applications for 4 hours. A solitary female died of unknown causes at 7 days post-treatment; the mortality could not be related to treatment. No further indications of irritation or systemic effects were observed in any animal during 7-day post-treatment observation. Procedural appendices were not included with this submission and no further information regarding method or results was provided.

Ethyl propionate (CAS # 105-37-3) was evaluated for eye irritation in 6 rabbits, each administered a 0.1 mL instillation into one eye. By 4 hours post-instillation, iritis, moderate conjunctival irritation, with marked discharge were apparent in all treated eyes. Within 24 hours, 2/6 eyes appeared normal, while the rest displayed slight persistent conjunctival redness. All eyes were clear of any sign of irritation by 48 hours post-instillation. Procedural appendices were not included with this submission and no further information regarding method or results was provided.

REPORTED FOUND IN SEVERAL TYPES OF WINE, IN WHITE GRAPE VAR SAUVIGNON AND IN COCOA.

Ethyl propionate is a common volatile found in certain fresh strawberries, citrus fruits and juices(1-7). It may also be formed during the growth of molds from damp buildings(1).

An estimated BCF of 1.7 was calculated for ethyl propionate(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.21(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Used as solvent (cellulose ethers/esters, lacquers, and resins), flavoring and fragrance agent, and cutting agent (pyroxylin); [HSDB]

Painting (Solvents) [Category: Paint]

Solvent for cellulose ethers and esters, various natural and synthetic resins; flavoring agent, fruit syrups, cutting agent for pyroxylin.

FRAGRANCE, EG, FOR CHEWING GUM, BAKED GOODS & CANDY; SOLVENT, EG, FOR CELLULOSE ETHERS & ESTERS; CHEM INT FOR PYRIMETHAMINE (ANTIMALARIAL)

Ethyl propionate is used in ... the lacquer industry ...

Flavoring, fragrance

(1979) 8.31X10+7 GRAMS (SALES)

(1981) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 9.08X10+5 GRAMS

(1985) Not reported

(1976) 68 metric tons

Separate statistics for this item are not published to avoid disclosure of individual company operations.

ESTERIFICATION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL WITH PROPIONIC ACID OR PROPIONIC ANHYDRIDE

Treating ethanol with propionic acid

... Obtained in very good yields by treatment of ethanol with methylketene.

Fragrance Ingredients

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index