Ethyl butyrate

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

INHALATION: move victim to fresh air and call a physician; give artificial respiration if necessary.

General First Aid:

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Accidental Release Measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

EC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green Algae Order); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 1000000 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: physiology, assimilation efficiency /formulated product/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C, pH 7.6-7.7; Concentration: 755000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulated product/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 20(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl nbutyrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl n-butyrate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 14.0 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 4,900 mg/L(4). Ethyl n-butyrate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Ethyl n-butyrate has been classified as readily biodegradable as estimated by results from analogous compounds in the Japanese MITI test(5), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 20(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl n-butyrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 14.0 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 4,900 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 8(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.85(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Ethyl n-butyrate has been classified as readily biodegradable as estimated by results from analogous compounds in the Japanese MITI test(7), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl n-butyrate, which has a vapor pressure of 14 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl n-butyrate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.94X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Ethyl n-butyrate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Ethyl n-butyrate was detected, not quantified, in the following foods (detection limits listed if specified in source): U.S. blue cheese aroma fraction(1); Beaufort mountain cheese volatiles(2); volatile flavor components of dalieb fruit (Borassus aethiopum L.)(3); volatiles of ripening bananas (qualitatively detected 120 hours after unripened bananas were placed in glass test chamber; relative concentration increased after initially detected through end of experiment - 10 days)(4); commercial and concentrated aqueous orange essences(5); Concord grape essence(6); tree-ripened nectarines(7). It was detected in the volatile components of ripening kiwi fruit at levels of 0.6% of the volatiles in mature fruit and 14.2% of the volatiles in ripe fruit(8).

Ethyl n-butyrate was detected in the skin and pulp of Queen Anne's pocket melon (Cycumis melo, L. Cucurbitaceae) at 900 and 206.5 ug/kg equivalent of 2-octanol, respectively(1). It is present at 0.31 ug/kg fruit of Pineapple guava (Feihoa sellowiana Berg) and has been reported in volatiles of common guava (Psidium guajava , L.) and strawberry or yellow guava(Psidium cattleianum var)(2). Ethyl n-butyrate, present at 0.033 ppm, is a volatile flavor component of fresh grapefruit juice,(3). The compound was detected in Japanese muskmelon (var Miyabi) (Cucumis melo), contributing a grape-like odor(4). Ethyl n-butyrate concentrations in volatiles from fresh, hand-pressed, unpasteurized orange juice were (variety, ppm): Valencia, 0.84; Pineapple, 0.82; Hamlin, 0.70; navel, trace; Pera, 0.11; Ambersweet, 0.81(5). Ethyl n-butyrate was detected, not quantified in headspace volatiles of cabernet sauvignon wines from Napa Valley, CA(6).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ethyl Butyrate is a colorless liquid. It is used in manufacturing artificial rum; perfumery; the alcoholic solution constitutes the so-called "pineapple oil". It is also used in flavoring extracts, solvent mixture for cellulose esters and ethers. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Tested at 5% in petrolatum, ethyl butyrate produced no irritation after a 48 hr closed-patch test in 25 human subjects. ANIMAL STUDIES: Ethyl butyrate applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was moderately irritating. In rabbits admin of 2.14 mL/kg caused increase in respiratory volume. In vitro it has been shown to have a hemolytic effect slightly greater than that of methyl butyrate.

EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays; Click on the "Chemical Explorer" button on the tool bar to see the data./[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of April 22, 2015: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Ethyl n-butyrate was detected not quantified in 9 year old leachate from a municipal waste disposal site in Ambt-Delden and Wijster, The Netherlands. The Ambt-Delden leachate was in the acidification stage (pH 5.7, BOD 30,000 mg/L O2). It was not detected in 2 year old leachate from municipal waste disposal site (Wijster, The Netherlands) which was in the methane fermentation stage (pH 7.0, BO 50 mg/L O2)(1). The compound was present at 0.08 ug/cu m in the volatile components of emissions of a European waste incineration plant(2). Ethyl n-butyrate was released during composting of food residue, yard trimmings, agricultural and wood waste at a composting operation in Joyceville, Ontario, Canada, monitored between May and July 1996(3). Ethyl n-butyrate was present at <5 ppbv in the volatiles recovered at 30, 50, and 70 cm depth from the Case Passerini landfill, Florence, Italy(4).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of ethyl n-butyrate can be estimated to be 20(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl n-butyrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

Ethyl n-butyrate is a natural product of certain plants and has been detected in the volatile components from the following natural foods: U.S. blue cheese(1); Beaufort mountain cheese(2); dalieb fruit (Borassus aethiopum L.)(3); ripening bananas(4); commercial and concentrated aqueous orange essences(5); Concord grape essence(6); tree-ripened nectarines(7); and ripening kiwi fruit(8). Ethyl butyrate occurs naturally in some plants(9). The compound was detected in volatiles of garden waste exudate(10) and biodegradable household waste(11).

Reported found in olive oil and other vegetable oils. Reported found in apple, banana, citrus peel oils and juices, cranberry, blueberry, black currants, guava, grapes, papaya, strawberry, onion, leek, cheeses, chicken beef, beer, cognac, rum, whiskies, cider, sherry, grape wines, coffee, honey, soybeans, olives, passion fruit, plums, mushrroms, mango, fruit brandies, kiwifruit, mussels and pawpaw.

Ethyl n-butyrate occurs naturally in brewer's yeast.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A maximization test ... on 25 volunteers at a concentration of 5% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Tested at 5% in petrolatum, ethyl butyrate produced no irritation after a 48 hr closed-patch test in 25 human subjects.