トリメチルシリルシアニド

化学的特性Trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) is a commercial reagent used as cyanide source for nucleophilic reactions. It is a clear colorless to yellow liquid, moisture sensitive, with a boiling point of 114–117 °C, which was first synthetized by the reaction of trimethylsilicon halides TMSX and AgCN in 1952.TMSCN is a versatile reagent that can be used in several different reactions, but it is generally used in nucleophilic additions to aldehydes, ketones and imines to form cyanohydrin silyl ethers (Scheme 1a) and α-aminonitriles in Strecker-type reactions (Scheme 1b).Reactions of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide

解説シアノトリメチルシラン，trimethylsilyl cyanide．C4H9NSi(99.21)．(CH3)3SiCN．クロロトリメチルシランとシアン化カリウム，あるいはシアン化銀との反応により得られる．無色の液体．沸点117 ℃．d20D0.7834．n26D1.389．引火性がある．有毒．カルボニル化合物に付加し，シアノヒドリンのシリルエーテルを与える．そのほか，アルケンのシアノシリル化，キノンの保護，ニトリル合成など，合成試薬として用いられる．

用途医薬、電子材料。

使用Reacts with aldehydes and ketones to give cyanohydrin-TMS ethers which can be reduced to β-aminoethyl alcohols.Trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) participates in carbonyl aminomethylation via α-silyloxy nitriles.TMSCN can be used as a reagent in the:Trimethylsilyl cyanide was used in the second step of an oxidative Michael addition of cyanide anion to Baylis–Hillman adducts. The importance of the addition of cyanide to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives is that the products can be converted into a variety of compounds including γ-aminobutyric acids. The reaction took place in a liquid ionic medium ([bmim]Br), which was reused several times without losing its activity. The β-cyano carbonyl compounds were obtained with high regioselectivity and yields (>79%).Cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds using various catalysts.Synthesis of α-aminonitriles by one-pot, three-component Strecker reaction of ketones with various amines using Brønsted acid catalyst.Cyanation of aryl halides using palladium-complex as a catalyst.

製造方法Trimethylsilyl cyanide, (CH3)3 Si-CN, is obtained by reacting trimethylsilyl chloride with an approximately equimolar amount of an alkali metal cyanide in the absence of water and in the presence of catalytic, sub-stoichiometric amounts of both an alkali metal iodide and N-methylpyrrolidone, at a temperature of from 15°-25° C. Trimethylsilyl cyanide is very toxic. All reactions in this sequence should be carried out in a hood. Preparation of trimethylsilyl cyanide TRIMETHYLSILYL CYANIDE: CYANOSILATION OF p-BENZOQUINONE

純化方法The material should have only one sharp signal in the 1H NMR (in CCl4 with CHCl3 as internal standard) : 0.4ppm and IR with max at 2210cm
1 [McBride & Beachall J Am Chem Soc 74 5247 1952, Prober J Am Chem Soc 77 3224 1955]; otherwise purify it by fractionating through an 18 x 1/4inch column. [Evers et al. J Am Chem Soc 81 4493 1959.] It has also been carefully distilled using a 60cm vacuum jacketed column. If the volume of sample is small, the cyanide can be chased (in the distillation) with xylene that had been previously distilled over P2O5. It is HIGHLY TOXIC and FLAMMABLE. [Evans et al. J Org Chem 39 914 1974, Beilstein 4 IV 3893.]