フペルジンA

用途フペルジンA (ヒューペルジンA、Huperzine A) はトウゲシバ (Huperzia serrata) に含まれるアルカロイド。 フペルジンAは、ドネペジルやリバスチグミン (Rivastigmine)、ガランタミン (Galantamine) と同様にアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤である。 アメリカ合衆国では、フペルジンAは記憶支援のための栄養補助食品（サプリメント）として販売されている。フペルジンAを含む植物は、中国において古くから腫れ、発熱、血液疾患の治療に用いられてきた。中国における臨床試験において、本化合物がアルツハイマー病の治療に効果があることが示されている他、健康な若い学生を対象とした試験で、一回の学習において記憶力を増強させることが明らかにされている。

説明Huperzine A is obtained from Huperzia serrata, which is the perennial fern. It shows activities in antipyretic, hemostasis, and dehumidification and is used for the treatment in folk of pneumonia, lung abscess, hematemesis, hematochezia, traumatic injury, etc.

使用Huperzine A is a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer disease that reversible alkaloid inhibitor of AChE which crosses the blood-brain barrier. It reduces cell death induced by glutamate in primary cultures derived from forebrain, hippocampus, cortex and cere.In China, it is approved for use in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Huperzine A was classified as a dietary supplement by the FDA in 1997. As a nutraceutical, it is available in American health food stores or via the Internet, labeled as a memory aid.

製造方法(-)-Huperzine A, a Lyco-podium alkaloid isolated in 1986 from the club moss Huperzia serrata, has drawn considerable attention after it was revealed to be a potent, selective, and reversible AChE inhibitor.The total synthesis of Lycopodium alkaloid (-)-huperzine A has been accomplished in 10 steps with 17% overall yield from commercially abundant (R)-pulegone. The synthetic route features an efficient synthesis of 4 via a Buchwald–Hartwig coupling reaction, a dianion-mediated highly stereoselective alkylation of 4, and a rare example of an intramolecular Heck reaction of an enamine-type substrate. The stereoselective β-elimination and the accompanying Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement are of particular interest.[1] RUI DING Guo Q L Bing Feng Sun*. An Efficient Total Synthesis of (-)-Huperzine A [J]. Organic Letters, 2012, 14 17: 4446-4449. DOI:10.1021/ol301951r.[2] RUI DING. Divergent Total Synthesis of the Lycopodium Alkaloids Huperzine A, Huperzine B, and Huperzine U[J]. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2013, 79 1: 240-250. DOI:10.1021/jo402419h.[3] TUN M K M, WüSTMANN D J, HERZON S B. A robust and scalable synthesis of the potent neuroprotective agent (-)-huperzine A [J]. Chemical Science, 2011, 11: 2251-2253. DOI:10.1039/C1SC00455G.