フルジオキソニル

Use water spray, alcohol-resistand foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist, or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe area.

Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

Tolerances are established for residues of the fungicide fludioxonil, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the following table. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified in the following table is to be determined by measuring only fludioxonil, 4-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-1-H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile).[Table#8223]

Tolerances are established for residues of the fungicide fludioxonil, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the following table. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified in the following table is to be determined by measuring only the sum of fludioxonil, 4-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-1-H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile), and its metabolites converted to 2,2-difluoro-l,3-benzodioxole-4-carboxylic acid, calculated as the stoichiometric equivalent of fludioxonil.[Table#8224]

Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166 (EU).

Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels or dust are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Consumers may be simultaneously exposed to several pesticide residues in their diet. A previous study identified the seven most common pesticide mixtures to which the French population was exposed through food consumption in 2006. The aim of this study was to investigate if the seven mixtures are potentially cytotoxic and genotoxic and if so, whether compounds in a same mixture have a combined effect. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the seven mixtures were investigated with a new assay (gamma-H2AX) using four human cell lines (ACHN, SH-SY5Y, LS-174T, and HepG2). Mixtures were tested at equimolar concentrations and also at concentrations reflecting their actual proportion in the diet. Irrespective of the cell line tested, parallel cytotoxicity of the seven mixtures was observed. /Only mixture 4 contained fludioxonil (cyprodinil, fludioxonil, k-cyhalothrin, procymidone, iprodione)./ /This was the/ only mixture /that/ was genotoxic for the HepG2 cells at concentrations = 3 uM in equimolar proportion and at 30 uM in actual proportion. Caspase 3/7 activity, the comet assay, and reactive oxygen species production were also investigated using the same mixture and HepG2 cells. /The genotoxicity and the cytotoxicity of mixture 4 containing each pesticide at the actual concentration observed in the French diet (procymidone 42%, iprodione 33%, cyprodinil 16%, fludioxonil 9%, and k-cyhalothrin 1%, were also tested. Five final concentrations of the mixture were tested (1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 lM). Clear genotoxic and cytotoxic effects were observed but at higher concentrations (30 vs. 3 lM) than in mixture 4 at equimolar concentration. The lower genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the mixture in the real proportion compared to the equimolar concentrations concentrations could be partially explained by the fact that the proportion of the fludioxonil in the real proportion mixture was lower than in the equimolar mixture (9 vs. 20%)./ Our results suggest that pesticide metabolites from the mixture generated by HepG2 cells were responsible for the observed damage to DNA. Among the five compounds in the genotoxic mixture, only fludioxonil and cyprodinil were genotoxic for HepG2 cells alone at concentrations = 4 and 20 uM, respectively. Our data suggest a combined genotoxic effect of the mixture at low concentrations with a significantly higher effect of the mixture of pesticides than would be expected from the response to the individual compounds. /Mixture/

Many pesticides are used increasingly in combinations during crop protection and their stability ensures the presence of such combinations in foodstuffs. The effects of three fungicides, pyrimethanil, cyprodinil and fludioxonil, were investigated together and separately on U251 and SH-SY5Y cells, which can be representative of human CNS glial and neuronal cells respectively. Over 48 hr, all three agents showed significant reductions in cellular ATP, at concentrations that were more than tenfold lower than those which significantly impaired cellular viability. The effects on energy metabolism were reflected in their marked toxic effects on mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, evidence of oxidative stress was seen in terms of a fall in cellular thiols coupled with increases in the expression of enzymes associated with reactive species formation, such as GSH peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. The glial cell line showed significant responsiveness to the toxin challenge in terms of changes in antioxidant gene expression, although the neuronal SH-SY5Y line exhibited greater vulnerability to toxicity, which was reflected in significant increases in caspase-3 expression, which is indicative of the initiation of apoptosis. Cyprodinil was the most toxic agent individually, although oxidative stress-related enzyme gene expression increases appeared to demonstrate some degree of synergy in the presence of the combination of agents... /Mixture/

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) oral >2000 mg/kg bw /97.5% a.i./

LD50; Species: Apis mellifera (Honeybee) contact >25 ug/bee for 96 hr /95.4% a.i./

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green Algae); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 280 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 205-357 ug/L); Effect: population abundance /95.4% purity/

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green Algae); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 87 ug/L for 5 days (95% confidence interval: 69-110 ug/L); Effect: population abundance /95.4% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Fludioxonil (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 991-5785(2-3), indicate that fludioxonil is expected to have low to no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of fludioxonil from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.3X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 2.93X10-9 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1.80 mg/L(4). Fludioxonil is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Soil dissipation half-lives have been reported as 140-350 days; the half-life is decreased when non-UV light is applied(5). Field dissipation half-lives of 87-228 days were reported(2). The half-life of fludioxonil was 6.0-12.1 days on soil at two experimental stations in China(6). The photodegradation half-life of fludioxonil from near-surface soil was 1.6 days(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 991-5785(2-3), indicate that fludioxonil is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.3X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.93X10-9 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 1.80 mg/L(5). Fludioxonil is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 240(SRC), from its log Kow of 4.12(5) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Fludioxonil is expected to be essentially stable in aquatic environments, based on laboratory aerobic aquatic half-lives of 473-718 days(2). Near-surface photodegradation half-life was reported as 8.7 days in water(2).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), fludioxonil, which has a vapor pressure of 2.93X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase fludioxonil may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

Fludioxonil was not detected in 228 fresh potato samples collected from 34 farmers markets located in Calgary and Edmonton, Canada; detection limit and sample dates were not reported(1). Of 173 agricultural products analyzed in 2006 from Japan, two were reported to contain fludioxonil at 6.2 and 203 ng/g(2). Fludioxonil was detected in 18 of 47 wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) samples collected from the 2006 harvest in Slovenia at a maximum concentration of 0.03 mg/kg(3).

/A feeding study was conducted in which three groups of three dairy cows received 0.55 ppm, 1.6 ppm or 5.5 ppm fludioxonil in the diet for 28-30 days. Residues of fludioxonil and metabolites, determined as CGA-192155 (2,2-difluorobenzo[1,1]dioxole-4-carboxylic acid), were quantifiable only at the highest feeding level (5.5 ppm). Residues were found in the milk of two of three cows, with maximum values of 0.019 mg/kg and 0.014 mg/kg on days 14 and 21, respectively. At the lowest feeding level, residues were detected in milk on days 3-21 at levels of 0.001-0.004 mg/kg, with maximum detection on day 3.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Fludioxonil comes in the form of odorless, yellowish or colorless crystals. It is a phenylpyrrole fungicide that interferes with glucose transport across fungal membranes. It is also used as an insecticide, and seed treatment/protectant. It is registered for pesticide use in the USA but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Fludioxonil showed endocrine disruptor activity as antiandrogen in an androgen receptor reporter assay in engineered human breast cancer cells. Fludioxonil was also genotoxic in human HepG2 cells at concentrations of 4 uM. Treatment of human U251 (glial) and SH-SY5Y (neuronal) cells with fludioxinil significantly reduced cellular ATP at concentrations that were more than tenfold lower than those which significantly impaired cellular viability. The effects on energy metabolism were reflected in marked toxic effects on mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, evidence of oxidative stress was seen. ANIMAL STUDIES: Fludioxonil has low acute toxicity in rats when administered by oral, dermal or inhalation routes, producing no deaths at 5000 and 2000 mg/kg bw and 2.6 mg/L of air, respectively, the highest doses tested. There were also no deaths in mice given fludioxonil at 5000 mg/kg bw by gavage. In other studies with repeated doses in mice and rats, the liver (necrosis, centrilobular hypertrophy, increased serum cholesterol and 5 'nucleotidase), the kidneys (nephropathy, inflammation, cysts) and hematopoietic system (mild anemia) were the principal targets. In mice, these effects were observed after 90 days of treatment at 450 mg/kg bw per day and at 590 mg/kg bw per day in one 18-month study, but not at 360 mg/kg bw per day in another such study. In rats, effects were seen at doses of > or = 400 mg/kg bw per day in short-term studies and at 110 mg/kg bw per day in a 2-year study; lower body-weight gains were also observed at these doses. Liver toxicity was generally manifested by increased concentrations of serum cholesterol and bilirubin and centrilobular hypertrophy and/or necrosis. Anemia was seen in mice (at > 590 mg/kg bw per day for 18 months) and rats (at 1300 mg/kg bw per day for 3 months). No hematological effects were observed in shorter studies in mice (at < or = 1050 mg/kg bw per day for 90 days) or rats (at < or = 2500 mg/kg bw per day for 20 days and at < or = 1000 mg/kg bw per day for 28 days). Blue discoloration of the urine, perineal fur, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract were common observations in all species. These effects were secondary to the formation of the blue metabolite in quantities that were sufficient, at high doses, to stain the various tissues. Fludioxonil is was not genotoxic, causing a negative result in assays for reverse mutation in S. typhimurium and E. coli, gene mutation in Chinese hamster V79 cells, unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes, micronucleus formation in bone marrow of rats and mice in vivo and chromosome aberration in Chinese hamsters in vivo. There was also no evidence of carcinogenic potential with fludioxonil in studies using rats. In a two-generation study of reproductive toxicity in rats, at a dose of 210 mg/kg bw per day, adult males had reduced body-weight gains and food consumption and pups had lower body-weight gains. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Data from concentrations of fludioxinil found in ponds collecting vineyard runoff water, suggest that the pesticide should not impair the establishment of vineyard pioneer plants.

/ACCIDENTAL POISONINGS/ Arthropod biological control agents (BCAs) are commonly released for greenhouse vegetable insect pest management. Nevertheless, chemicals remain a necessary control tactic for certain insect pests and diseases and they can have negative impacts on BCAs. The compatibility of some formulated reduced risk insecticides (abamectin, metaflumizone and chlorantraniliprole) and fungicides (myclobutanil, potassium bicarbonate and cyprodinil + fludioxonil) used, or with promise for use, in Canadian greenhouses with Orius insidiosus (Say), Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) and Eretmocerus eremicus (Rose & Zolnerovich) was determined through laboratory and greenhouse bioassays. Overall, the insecticides and fungicides were harmless as residues to adult BCAs. However, abamectin was slightly to moderately harmful to O. insidiosus and A. swirskii in laboratory bioassays, whereas metaflumizone was slightly harmful to E. eremicus. In general, these products appear safe to use prior to establishment/release of these adult BCAs.

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ Laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key Australian predatory mite species Euseius victoriensis (Womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays. Zero- to 48-hr-old juveniles, their initial food, and water supply were sprayed to runoff with a Potter tower; spinosad and wettable sulfur residues also were tested. Tests were standardized to deliver a pesticide dose comparable with commercial application of highest label rates at 1,000 L/ha. Cumulative mortality was assessed 48 hr, 4 days, and 7 days after spraying. Fecundity was assessed for 7 days from start of oviposition... Canola oil as acaricide (2 liter/100 liter) and wettable sulfur (200 g/100 liter) had some detrimental effect on survival and fecundity and cyprodinil/fludioxonil on survivor...

/PLANTS/ In Vitis vinifera L /grapevines/, photosynthesis and photosynthate partitioning are affected in the presence of fludioxonil and pyrimethanil, two fungicides commonly used in vineyards against Botrytis cinerea Pers. However, the effects were found to be different according to the model studied: plantlets (cv Chardonnay) grown in vitro, fruiting cuttings (cv Chardonnay) and plants grown in vineyards (cvs Chardonnay, Pinot noir and Pinot Meunier). In the plantlets grown in vitro, both fungicides decreased gas exchanges, photosynthetic pigment and starch concentrations in the leaves, whereas soluble carbohydrates transiently accumulated, suggesting that plantlets mobilised starch in response to photosynthesis inhibition caused by fungicides. In the fruiting cuttings, the fungicides did not affect photosynthesis, although fludioxonil caused starch decrease in parallel with sucrose accumulation, suggesting that the fungicide effects were of lower intensity than in vitro. Conversely, in vineyard, the two fungicides stimulated photosynthesis and increased pigment concentrations in the three vine cultivars tested. In the meantime, glucose, fructose and starch levels of the leaves declined after fungicide exposure, whereas sucrose accumulated, indicating that sucrose synthesis increased in the leaves following the fungicide treatment. Among the three varieties, Chardonnay was the most sensitive to the fungicides as revealed by the intensity of the responses and the longer period for recovery. In vineyard, the results suggested that the two fungicides, in addition to inhibiting B cinerea development, had a beneficial effect on vine physiology through the stimulation of leaf carbon nutrition, which may further enable the plant to rapidly make use of its defence reactions.

EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays; Click on the "Chemical Explorer" button on the tool bar to see the data./[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of April 22, 2015: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Koc values of 1671-5785 have been reported in soil(1). Other Koc values of 991-2440 have been reported(2). According to a classification scheme(3), these Koc values suggest that fludioxonil is expected to have low to no mobility in soil.

The Koc of soil from four vineyards (8 samples) in Contevedra, Spain was determined for fludioxonil. The mean and range Koc values were 3544 and 1671-5785, respectively. The mean and range Kd were 187 and 62-213 mL/g, respectively(1).[Table#8227]

/ENDOCRINE MODULATION/ Fenhexamid and fludioxonil are antifungal agents used in agricultural applications, which are present at measurable amounts in fruits and vegetables. Fenhexamid and fludioxonil showed endocrine disruptor activity as antiandrogens in an androgen receptor reporter assay in engineered human breast cancer cells. Little is known about how environmental chemicals regulate microRNA (miRNA) expression. This study examined the effect of fenhexamid and fludioxonil on the expression of the oncomiR miR-21 in MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and downstream targets of miR-21 in MCF-7 cells. Fenhexamid and fludioxonil stimulated miR-21 expression in a concentration-dependent manner and reduced the expression of miR-21 target Pdcd4 protein. Antisense to miR-21 blocked the increase in Pdcd4 protein by fenhexamid and fludioxonil. Fenhexamid and fludioxonil reduced miR-125b and miR-181a, demonstrating specificity of miRNA regulation. Induction of miR-21 was inhibited by the estrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant, by androgen receptor antagonist bicalutamide, by actinomycin D and cycloheximide, and by inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways. Fenhexamid activation was inhibited by the arylhydrocarbon receptor antagonist alpha-napthoflavone. Fenhexamid and fludioxonil did not affect dihydrotestosterone-induced miR-21 expression. Fludioxonil, but not fenhexamid, inhibited MCF-7 cell viability, and both inhibited estradiol-induced cell proliferation and reduced cell motility. Together these data indicate that fenhexamid and fludioxonil use similar and distinct mechanisms to increase miR-21 expression with downstream antiestrogenic activity.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Consumers may be simultaneously exposed to several pesticide residues in their diet. A previous study identified the seven most common pesticide mixtures to which the French population was exposed through food consumption in 2006. The aim of this study was to investigate if the seven mixtures are potentially cytotoxic and genotoxic and if so, whether compounds in a same mixture have a combined effect. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the seven mixtures were investigated with a new assay (gamma-H2AX) using four human cell lines (ACHN, SH-SY5Y, LS-174T, and HepG2). Mixtures were tested at equimolar concentrations and also at concentrations reflecting their actual proportion in the diet. Irrespective of the cell line tested, parallel cytotoxicity of the seven mixtures was observed. /Only mixture 4 (cyprodinil, fludioxonil, k-cyhalothrin, procymidone, iprodione) contained fludioxonil./ /This was the/ only mixture /that/ was genotoxic for the HepG2 cells at concentrations = 3 uM in equimolar proportion and at 30 uM in actual proportion. Caspase 3/7 activity, the comet assay, and reactive oxygen species production were also investigated using the same mixture and HepG2 cells. /The genotoxicity and the cytotoxicity of mixture 4 containing each pesticide at the actual concentration observed in the French diet (procymidone 42%, iprodione 33%, cyprodinil 16%, fludioxonil 9%, and k-cyhalothrin 1%, were also tested. Five final concentrations of the mixture were tested (1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 uM). Clear genotoxic and cytotoxic effects were observed but at higher concentrations (30 vs. 3 uM) than in mixture 4 at equimolar concentration. The lower genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the mixture in the real proportion compared to the equimolar concentrations concentrations could be partially explained by the fact that the proportion of the fludioxonil in the real proportion mixture was lower than in the equimolar mixture (9 vs. 20%)./ Our results suggest that pesticide metabolites from the mixture generated by HepG2 cells were responsible for the observed damage to DNA. Among the five compounds in the genotoxic mixture, only fludioxonil and cyprodinil were genotoxic for HepG2 cells alone at concentrations = 4 and 20 uM, respectively. Our data suggest a combined genotoxic effect of the mixture at low concentrations with a significantly higher effect of the mixture of pesticides than would be expected from the response to the individual compounds. /Mixture/

Tolerances are established for residues of the fungicide fludioxonil, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the following table. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified in the following table is to be determined by measuring only fludioxonil, 4-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-1-H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile).[Table#8225]

Tolerances are established for residues of the fungicide fludioxonil, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the following table. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified in the following table is to be determined by measuring only the sum of fludioxonil, 4-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-1-H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile), and its metabolites converted to 2,2-difluoro-l,3-benzodioxole-4-carboxylic acid, calculated as the stoichiometric equivalent of fludioxonil.[Table#8226]

New Active Ingredients ... includes chemicals not previously registered as pesticides, as well as pesticide active ingredients initially registered after November 1, 1984 and that currently have active product registrations. By law, these pesticides must meet new safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 and, if new safety standards are met, will be reviewed again on a 15-year cycle. Fludioxonil (Maxim) is designated by EPA as a New Pesticide Active Ingredient. Active Ingredient Number: 071503; Type of Pesticide: fungicide; Use Site: food use, ornamentals; Year: 1996.

Used as an agricultural fungicide (seed treatment); [ACGIH]

For fludioxonil (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 071503) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the USA but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Agricultural fungicide

Fungicide, insecticide, seed treatment/protectant

This is a man-made compound that is used as a pesticide.

Fludioxonil is produced by reaction of 4-amino-2,2-difluorobenzodioxide in HCl-containing acetic acid with sodium nitrite at 0 °C, followed by addition of ethylenenitrile, methyl ethyl ketone, and a solution of copper(I) chloride in hydrochloric acid. The product is extracted with dichloromethane and the thus-obtained solution heated to reflux in the presence of triethylamine to give 2,3-(difluoromethylenedioxy)cinnamic acid nitrile, which is treated with p-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide and potassium tert-butoxide in THF.

Preparation: R. Nyfeler, Jl ehrenfreund, European Patent Office 206999; eidem, United States of America patent 4705800 (1986, 1987 both to Ciba-Geigy).

The National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) identifies 11 companies with active labels for products containing the chemical fludioxonil. To view the complete list of companies, product names and percent fludioxonil in formulated products click the following url and enter the CAS Registry number in the Active Ingredient field.

Fludioxonil Technical (Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC): Active ingredient: Fludioxonil 98.0%.

Medallion Fungicide (Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC): Active ingredient: Fludioxonil 50.0%.

Maxim XL Fungicide (Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC): Active ingredient: Fludioxonil 21.0%; Metalaxyl-M 8.4%.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Fludioxonil (32 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fungicides

Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies fludioxonil as unlikely to present an acute hazard in normal use; Main Use: fungicide, other than for seed treatment.

Fludioxonil (announced in 1991) is used as seed treatment for control of Gibberella in rice and to control Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Tilletia, Helminthosporium, and Septoria in cereal and noncereal crops.