オキシビス[ビス(ジメチルアミノ)ホスフィンオキシド]

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Liquid Pesticides) Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical. (EPA, 1998)

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

Rooms used for storage only should be soundly constructed & fitted with secure locks. Floors should be kept clear & pesticides clearly identified. If repacking is carried out in storage rooms, adequate light should be available; floors should be impervious & sound ... . /Pesticides/

Pesticides containers must be provided with labels indicating the degree of toxicity of the product they contain. The labels must not only give a short description of how to use the prepn, but also state basic precautions to be taken when applying it. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Pesticides of any degree of toxicity should be transported in containers which are clearly labelled, leak-proof, and not easily damaged. They should never be transported /or stored/ beside, or above any type of food, and all spillages should be immediately reported. /Pesticides/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P085, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 °C with residence times for liquids and gases; seconds; solids: hours. Also, a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration range of 450 to 980 °C with residence times for liquids and gases, seconds; solids, longer.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

All organic pesticides, whether of botanical or synthetic origin, can be destroyed by incineration. /Organic pesticides/

Manufacturers or formulators of very large amounts of pesticides may find it advantageous to build incinerators adequate to destroy all organic pesticides and equipped with scrubbers to remove acid wastes. /Organic pesticides/

In some situations where personnel may become accidently contaminated ... it is necessary to provide shower bath in addition to the usual washing facilities. Special arrangements for cleaning clothing & overalls may be necessary ... /Pesticides/

Special aircraft should preferably be used for spraying or dusting toxic organophosphorus pesticides. ... aerial spraying or dusting gives rise to clouds which spread over larger surfaces than clouds produced by ground application. Aerial spraying should therefore be carried out on windless days only. Residential areas, water supply sources, etc must be avoided. ... When aircraft approaches, signalmen /guiding the aircraft/ should leave the windward side. ... The local population should be informed about the site & time of aerial pesticide treatment. Access of unauthorized persons & especially children to the area to be treated must be ... forbidden. Warning signs should be placed at the limits of the area. Ground spraying must be carried out with compressed-air spraying equipment towed by tractors with closed cabs. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Small packages of pesticides are preferable for individual application in order to limit the quantities to be weighed & metered. A special vessel with long stirring rod for dilution & suspension of the poison must be available in order to reduce manual handling to a minimum. The strict observance of hygiene rules--no smoking & no food intake during work. Thorough washing with soap after work, changing protective clothing before going home--is of utmost importance. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Containers ... should be cleaned with a suspension of bleaching powder in water or with other alkaline soln after soaking for 24 hr and then be rinsed with hot water. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SCHRADAN (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

0.60 [mg/m3]

0.80 [mg/m3]

0.99 [mg/m3]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/

WORKERS HANDLING AND APPLYING ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES (OPP) MUST ... BE GIVEN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT COMPRISING OVERALLS MADE OF A TIGHT FABRIC OR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, GLOVES, AND RUBBER BOOTS. THEY MUST WEAR A RESPIRATOR WITH AN ACTIVATED-CARBON GAS FILTER CARTRIDGE AFFORDING PROTECTION FOR A DETERMINED NUMBER OF WORKING HOURS. THE EYES SHOULD BE PROTECTED BY GOGGLES. THE SIGNALMEN FOR AERIAL DUSTING OPERATIONS SHOULD BE EQUIPPED WITH A HAT AND CAPE MADE OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE OR A FABRIC IMPREGNATED WITH A WATER REPELLENT. /PESTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

ADMIN SODIUM PHENOBARBITAL & PHENAGLYCODOL @ 70 & 100 MG/KG IP, RESPECTIVELY, INCR TOXICITY OF OMPA MARKEDLY. ADMIN GLUTETHIMIDE, CHLORPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE, & MEPROBAMATE @ 60, 15, & 200 MG/KG, RESPECTIVELY, ALSO INCR OMPA TOXICITY.

Some phenothiazines may antagonize & some may potentiate the toxic anticholinesterase effects of ... /organophosphorus insecticides/. /Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors/

In long term therapy, adrenocorticoids antagonize the antiglaucoma effects of anticholinesterases (incr ocular pressure). ... Anticholinergics antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & other muscarinic effects of anticholinesterases on the autonomic & central nervous systems. Tricyclic antidepressants (anticholinergic effects) antagonize the antiglaucoma (miotic) effects of anticholinesterases in glaucoma. ... Antihistamines with anticholinergic effects antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & CNS effects of anticholinesterases. Anticholinesterases potentiate tranquilizing & behavioral changes induced by antihistamines. The actions of anticholinesterase agents on autonomic effector cells, & to some extent those on CNS, are antagonized by atropine, an antidote of choice. Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. ... Dexpanthenol potentiates the effects of anticholinesterases. Fluorophosphate insecticides potentiate the effects of other anticholinesterases. /Anticholinesterases/

BARBITURATES ARE POTENTIATED BY ANTICHOLINESTERASES. ALTHOUGH BARBITURATES MAY BE USED CAUTIOUSLY IN TREATING CONVULSIONS, EXTREME CARE IS ESSENTIAL IN HANDLING POISONINGS DUE TO ANTICHOLINESTERASES, PARTICULARLY ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES. ECHOTHIOPHATE, A CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR USED AS MIOTIC, POTENTIATES OTHER SUCH INHIBITORS ... USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES (ADDITIVE EFFECTS) OR POSSIBLY SYNERGISTIC. THOSE EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES MUST TAKE STRICT PRECAUTIONS. ... ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: ADDITIVE ANTICHOLINESTERASE EFFECTS. HAZARDOUS. PATIENTS ON ANTICHOLINESTERASES (EVEN TOPICAL, SUCH AS EYE DROPS) SHOULD AVOID AREAS WHERE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES ... RECENTLY ... USED. /ANTICHOLINESTERASE/

ANTICHOLINESTERASE (ORGANOPHOSPHORUS) INSECTICIDES ANTAGONIZE POLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS. PHENOTHIAZINES /AND THIOXANTHENES/: ... MAY ENHANCE TOXIC EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES. /INSECTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

LD50 MALLARD DUCK ORAL 36.3 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMITS 20.9-63.2 MG/KG), ACUTE MALES 3-4 MO OLD

LD50 PHEASANT ORAL 19.0 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMITS 13.7-26.4), ACUTE MALES 3-4 MO OLD

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 7(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that Schradan will have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of Schradan is not expected to be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.3X10-17 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a recommended regression equation(4), or from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). Under acidic conditions, Schradan is expected to hydrolyze with a measured rate constant of 0.23 /M-hr at 25 °C(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 7(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(1), indicates that Schradan should not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water(SRC). Under acidic conditions, Schradan is expected to hydrolyze with a measured rate constant of 0.23 /M-hr at 25 °C(3). Schradan may volatilize from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.3X10-17 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). An estimated BCF value of 0.1(1,SRC), from an estimated log Kow(2,SRC), suggests that Schradan will not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC), according to a recommended classification scheme(5).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), Schradan, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Schradan is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 3 hours(3,SRC). Particulate-phase Schradan may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

Workers handling & applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. Contraindications for work with /organophosphorus pesticides/ are organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should cease work with pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

A final diagnosis of mild to moderate acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning is rarely justified unless all of the following five conditions are present: 1. A definite history of exposure to an organophosphate pesticide. 2. A latent interval of not more than a few hours between that last exposure and the onset of illness. 3. A clinical picture in which most or all of the following signs or symptoms are present: headache, blurred vision, weakness, tightness in chest, and constricted pupils. 4. Reduction of plasma and RBC cholinesterase activity to a level substantially below 50% of baseline values. Because of the wide normal range of RBC cholinesterase in the population, symptoms may be present with reported "normal" levels. 5. An acute illness that is not substantially longer than 48 hours. The classic presentation for acute organophosphate toxicity includes history, evidence of exposure to organophosphate (garlic odor), signs/symptoms of cholinergic excess, improvement with atropine or pralidoxime, and inhibition of cholinesterase in blood. /Organophosphate pesticide poisoning/

... Surveillance of workers could be carried out through measurement of blood or urinary levels of the cmpd to which they are exposed, or through measurement of a metabolite. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/

The Koc of Schradan is estimated as approximately 7(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -1.01(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that Schradan has very high mobility in soil(SRC).

SIX MEN AND SIX WOMEN CONSUMED 1.4 MG/DAY, 5 DAYS/WEEK FOR 32 DOSES; TAKING BODY WEIGHT INTO ACCOUNT, THIS AMOUNTED TO 0.013 TO 0.015 MG/KG/DAY. ONE SUBJECT TOOK 4.2 MG/DAY (0.057 MG/KG/DAY) FOR 74 DAYS AND ON TWO OCCASIONS TOOK AS MUCH AS 12.6 MG. TWELVE OTHER ADULTS SERVED AS CONTROLS. THE LOWER DOSAGE CAUSED A SLOW FALL IN WHOLE BLOOD CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY, REACHING 80% OF NORMAL BY DAY 18 AND 75% BY DAY 44. AT THE HIGHER DOSAGE, RED CELL CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY REACHED 50% OF NORMAL IN 2 MONTHS AND THEN BEGAN TO RECOVER, ALTHOUGH EXPOSURE WAS CONTINUED ANOTHER 2 WEEKS. IN BOTH SERIES, CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY WAS MORE INHIBITED IN RED CELLS THAN IN PLASMA. SYMPTOMS DID NOT DEVELOP AT ANY DOSAGE TESTED.

/SCHRADAN/ HAS BEEN FOUND TO INHIBIT PERIPHERAL CHOLINESTERASE WITHOUT PRONOUNCED EFFECTS ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

... Females are usually more susceptible to these chemicals with exception of methyl parathion and schradan. ... For schradan, the lethal dose is 9.1 mg/kg for males and 42 mg/kg for females.

OMPA IS HIGHLY TOXIC WHEN INHALED.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SCHRADAN (24 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

An estimated BCF value of 0.1 was calculated for Schradan(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of - 1.01(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will not occur(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for Schradan is estimated as 6.3X10-17 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that Schradan will be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2,SRC). Schradan's values for vapor pressure, 1.1X10-4 mm Hg(3,SRC) and Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicate that volatilization from dry and moist soil surfaces should not occur(SRC).

AT 50 PPM (WT) IN THE DIET FOR 1 YEAR, MALE RATS SHOWED TOXIC SIGNS, GROWTH SUPPRESSION, AND MARKED CHOLINESTERASE DEPRESSION WITHOUT PRODUCING TISSUE PATHOLOGY. AT DOSAGES OF 10 AND 50 PPM (WEIGHT) WHOLE BLOOD CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY WAS REDUCED BUT BRAIN ACTIVITY WAS UNAFFECTED.

... A PIG GIVEN ABOUT 15 MG/KG SHOWED SEVERE SIGNS OF POISONING IN 3 HOURS. ... DAILY DOSAGE WITH APPROX 1.5 MG/KG CAUSED SYMPTOMS OF POISONING IN 9 DAYS.

ANIMALS MAY LOSE WT FROM INABILITY TO FEED & DRINK DUE TO MUSCULAR WEAKNESS /FROM CHRONIC POISONING/. THESE SYMPTOMS MAY PERSIST FOR WEEKS AT A TIME, BUT, EXCEPT IN ODD CASES ... ON WITHDRAWAL OF CMPD FROM DIET, THE ANIMAL MAKES A RAPID AND COMPLETE RECOVERY.

SCHRADAN DIFFERS FROM OTHER ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES IN THAT IT DOES NOT BRING ABOUT SUCH VIOLENT MUSCULAR TWITCHINGS OR CONVULSIONS. THIS MAY BE DUE TO THE FACT THAT BRAIN CHOLINESTERASE LEVELS ARE LESS SERIOUSLY AFFECTED BY THIS COMPOUND THAN THOSE OF OTHER TISSUES.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SCHRADAN (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

P085; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when octamethylpyrophosphoramide, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Diphosphoramide, octamethyl- is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 100 lbs.

Used as acaricide, systemic insecticide, and soil drench for transplanted trees; Absorbed by plants for long term insect and arachnid protection; No known current use; [HSDB]

Not registered with the EPA for use as pesticide in the US; [CAMEO]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

ACARICIDE; SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDE

SCHRADAN IS ... SELECTIVE SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDE: IT WILL KILL SUCKING INSECTS, EG APHIDS, BUT NOT BEES OR OTHER ... INSECTS /SRP: THAT DO NOT FEED ON PLANT SAP/.

USED AS A SOIL DRENCH FOR TRANSPLANTED TREES.

... BY REACTION OF TETRAMETHYLPHOSPHORODIAMIDIC CHLORIDE WITH ETHYL TETRAMETHYLPHOSPHORODIAMIDATE; BY REACTION OF TETRAMETHYLPHOSPHORODIAMIDIC CHLORIDE IN PYRIDINE OR N-METHYLDIBUTYLAMINE; BY HEATING TETRAMETHYLPHOSPHORODIAMIDIC CHLORIDE WITH ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE.

US PATENT 2,610,139. /CRUDE PRODUCT PESTOX 3/

PROPRIETARY OR OTHER NAMES, INCLUDING MIXTURES ARE OMPA, OMPACIDE, OMPATOX, PESTOX PLUS (CONTAINS SCHRADAN & PARATHION), BRUSSELS SYTAM, SUPERSYTAM, STEMATE, SYSTOPHOS.

THE TECHNICAL MATERIAL ... CONTAINS ABOUT 40% OF THE OCTAMETHYL PYROPHOSPHORAMIDE AND AN EQUIVALENT AMT OF DECAMETHYL TRIPHOSPHORAMIDE WHICH IS OF ABOUT THE SAME ACTIVITY.

Pestox III, Pestox 3, Sytam, Terra Sytam for reaction mixture also containing dimefox and tri(dimethylamino)phosphine oxide.

The technical material contains ca 40% of the octamethyl pyrophosphoramide and an equivalent amount of decamethyl triphosphoramide. /technical product/

Diphosphoramide, N,N,N',N',N'',N'',N''',N'''-octamethyl-: ACTIVE

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Schradan (technical grade) as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide.

NOT MARKEDLY PHYTOTOXIC AT INSECTICIDAL CONCENTRATIONS.