王水
王水 · 王酸 · おうすい · 塩酸/硝酸,(3:1) · Aqua regia · Knigswasser · Nitrohydrochloric acid · Aqua regia (Nitrohydrochloric acid)
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 8007-56-5 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | Cl3H4NO3 |
| 平均分子量 | 172.39 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 170.92567603 g/mol |
| SMILES | Cl.Cl.Cl.O=[N+]([O-])O |
| InChIKey | NICDRCVJGXLKSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 90477010 |
| EC No. | 690-364-2 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID50893666 |
| 現地名 | 王水 |
化学・物理的性質
| 極性表面積 | 66.1 |
|---|---|
| 水素結合供与体数 | 4 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 3 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 0 |
| 重原子数 | 7 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 24.8 |
| 物質分類 | Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Acids, InorganicCorrosives |
| Physical Description | Aqua regia appears as a yellow liquid with a pungent odor prepared by mixing nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, usually in a ratio of one part of nitric acid to three or four parts of hydrochloric acid. Fumes are irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. Corrosive to metals and to tissue.Yellow fuming liquid with a suffocating odor[Merck Index] Red, yellow, or gold fuming liquid[University of Oxford MSDS] |
| 安定性 | 密封されたボトル内で圧力が高まります。金属、酸化剤、還元剤、可燃性物質を含む多くの物質と相容れない (そして激しく反応する可能性がある)。 |
| CAS データベース | 8007-56-5 |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | Aqua regia (8007-56-5) |
化学的特性
Aqua regia, also known as nitrohydrochloric acid and chloroazoatic acid, is a fuming,volatile liquid that is made by mixing three parts concentrated hydrochloric acid with one part concentrated nitric acid.It is very corrosive with a suffocating odor and reacts with all metals. Aqua regia typically reacts by oxidizing the metal to a metallicion and reducing the nitric acid to nitric oxide.Its reaction with silver produces silver chloride. Aquaregia dissolves the common metallic oxides and hydroxides, the ignited oxides of tin, aluminum,chromium, and iron, and the higher oxides of lead, cobalt,nickel,and manganese. It is used for testing gold and platinum.
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 100% (3 of 3) of all reports.Not ClassifiedAggregated GHS information provided per 3 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. |
|---|---|
| 規制情報 | The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| 輸送ラベル（DOT） | Corrosive |
| 火災危険 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. |
| 健康有害性 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEinhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. |
| 有害性の概要 | Contains nitrosyl chloride and free chlorineCorrosive[Merck Index] A strong oxidizing agent with known catalytic activityReacts with airCauses burns[CAMEO] Causes burns and severe respiratory tract irritationHighly toxic by ingestion and inhalation[University of Oxford MSDS] See Nitric acid and Hydrogen chloride. |
| 輸送番号・ガイド（DOT） | 1798 157 |
| 反応性グループ | Acids, Strong Oxidizing |
| Reactivity Alerts | Strong Oxidizing Agent |
| Reactivity Profile | AQUA REGIA is a powerful oxidizing agent and a strong acid. Reacts exothermically with chemical bases (for example: amines and inorganic hydroxides) to form salts and water. Reacts with most metals, including gold and platinum, to dissolve them with generation of toxic and/or flammable gases. Can initiate polymerization in polymerizable organic compounds. Reacts with cyanide salts to generate toxic hydrogen cyanide gas. Generates flammable and/or toxic gases with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides, and weak or strong reducing agents. Additional exothermic gas-generating reactions occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), and carbonates (CO2). |
| DOT Hazard Classification | Nitrohydrochloric acidUN1798Class 8 Corrosive material (49 eCFR § 173.136)PG I: the degree of danger presented by the material is great |
| Air and Water Reactions | Fumes in air. Soluble in water with release of heat. |
| Hazard Classes and Categories | Not ClassifiedCorrosives |
| 消火 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: |
| 漏出応急措置 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| 応急処置 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:General First Aid: |
| 暴露管理・個人防護 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
| 非火災時の漏出対応 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:Immediate precautionary measure |
| Protective Action Criteria (PAC) | 1.8 [ppm]22 [ppm]100 [ppm] |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: |
| Emergency Response Planning Guidelines | · Note: Some foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. |
| 有害作用 | Dermatotoxin - Skin burns. |
| 輸送番号（UN） | UN 1798 |
| 危険等級 | 8 |
| 包装等級 | I |
用途
解説
王水,濃塩酸と濃硝酸とを体積比で3：1にまぜたもの．混合液中には，HNO3 ＋ 3HCl ＝ Cl2 ＋ NOCl ＋ 2H2OによってNOClと Cl2 を生じ，強い酸化剤となる．塩酸や硝酸のみでは溶けない金や白金も溶かす．塩酸と硝酸との体積比を1：3とした混合液は逆王水といわれ，黄鉄鉱中の硫黄分を硫酸に酸化する作用がある．王水はあまり安定でないので，使用時に調整する．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
使用
Metallurgy, testing metals, dissolving metals.
一般的な説明
A yellow liquid with a pungent odor prepared by mixing nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, usually in a ratio of one part of nitric acid to three or four parts of hydrochloric acid. Fumes are irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. Corrosive to metals and to tissue. Density 14.7 lb /gal.